Collective versus individualist national cultures: Comparing Taiwan and U.S. employee attitudes toward unethical business Practices

Business and Society

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 39-59

  Sims, Randi L ^a  

^a NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Collectivism; Cross cultural; Ethics; Taiwan

Indexed keywords

EID: 59449107576     PISSN: 00076503     EISSN: 14678594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0007650307299224     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ali, A.J., Lee, M., Hsieh, Y., & Krishnan, K. (2005). Individualism and collectivism in Taiwan. Cross Cultural Management, 12 (4). 3-16.
2. Ang, S.H., & Leong, S.M. (2000). Out of the mouths of babes: Business ethics and youth in Asia. Journal of Business Ethics, 28 (2). 129-144.
3. Bedford, O.A. (2004). The individual experience of guilt and shame in Chinese culture. Culture and Psychology, 10 (1). 29-52.
4. Beekun, R.I., Stedham, Y., & Yamamura, J.H. (2003). Business ethics in Brazil and the U.S.: A comparative investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 42 (3). 267-279.
5. Beyer, J.M., & Nino, D. (1999). Ethics and cultures in international business. Journal of Management Inquiry, 8 (3). 287-297.
6. Blodgett, J.G., Lu, C., Rose, G.M., & Vitell, S.J. (2001). Ethical sensitivity to stakeholder interests: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29 (2). 190-202.
7. Brislin, R.W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written materials. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 389-444). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
8. Buller, P.F., Kohls, J.J., & Anderson, K.S. (1997). A model for addressing cross-cultural ethical conflicts. Business & Society, 36, 169-193.
9. Carroll, S.J., & Gannon, M.J. (1997). Ethical dimensions of international management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
10. Coughlan, R. (2005). Codes, values and justifications in the ethical decision-making process. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 45-53.
11. Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. (1999). When ethics travel: The promise and peril of global business ethics. California Management Review, 41 (4). 45-61.
12. Ford, C.W., Nonis, S.A., & Hudson, G.I. (2005). A cross-cultural comparison of value systems and consumer ethics. Cross Cultural Management, 12 (4). 36-50.
13. Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.
14. Hampden-Turner, C., & Trompenaars, A. (1993). The seven cultures of capitalism: Value systems for creating wealth in the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Sweden, and the Netherlands. New York: Currency / Doubleday.
15. Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
16. Husted, B.W. (2000). The impact of national culture on software piracy. Journal of Business Ethics, 26 (3). 197-211.
17. Jackson, T. (2001). Cultural values and management ethics: A 10-nation study. Human Relations, 54 (10). 1267-1302.
18. Jones, T.M. (1991). Ethical decision making by individuals in organizations: An issue-contingent model. Academy of Management Review, 16, 366-395.
19. Karabati, S., & Say, A.I. (2005). Relating work values to societal values: Evidence from the Turkish business context. Cross Cultural Management, 12 (2). 85-107.
20. Kim, U., Triandis, H.C., Kagitcibasi, C., Choi, S., & Yoon, G. (1994). Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
21. Lim, G.S. (2003). Differences in ethical judgement between Chinese and Singaporeans: Individual reactions to self and organisational interest considerations. Singapore Management Review, 25 (2). 1-24.
22. Lin, C.Y. (1999). A comparison of perceptions about business ethics in four countries. Journal of Psychology, 133 (6). 641-655.
23. Lu, L., Rose, G.M., & Blodgett, J.G. (1999). The effects of cultural dimensions on ethical decision making in marketing: An exploration study. Journal of Business Ethics, 18 (1). 91-105.
24. Marta, J.K., Attia, A., Singhapakdi, A., & Atteya, N. (2003). A comparison of ethical perceptions and moral philosophies of American and Egyptian business students. Teaching Business Ethics, 7 (1). 1-20.
25. May, D.R., & Pauli, K.P. (2002). The role of moral intensity in ethical decision making. Business & Society, 41, 84-117.
26. Moon, Y.S., & Franke, G.R. (2000). Cultural influences on agency practitioner's ethical perceptions: A comparison of Korea and the U.S. Journal of Advertising, 29 (1). 51-65.
27. Palazzo, B. (2002). U.S.-American and German business ethics: An intercultural comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 41 (3). 195-216.
28. Park, H., Rehg, M.T., & Lee, D. (2005). The influence of Confucian ethics and collectivism on whistleblowing intentions: A study of South Korean public employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 58, 387-403.
29. Pitta, D.A., Fung, H., & Isberg, S. (1999). Ethical issues across cultures: Managing the differing perspectives of China and the USA. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16 (3). 240-246.
30. Robertson, C.J. (2000). The global dispersion of Chinese values: A three-country study of Confucian dynamism. Management International Review, 40 (3). 253-268.
31. Robertson, C.J., & Crittenden, W.F. (2003). Mapping philosophies: Strategic implications for multinational firms. Strategic Management Journal, 24 (4). 385-392.
32. Robertson, C.J., Hoffman, J.J., & Herrmann, P. (1999). Environmental ethics across borders: The United States versus Ecuador. Management International Review, 39 (1). 55-69.
33. Saks, M.J., & Krupat, E. (1988). Social psychology and its applications. New York: Harper & Row.
34. Schwartz, M.S. (2005). Universal moral values for corporate codes of ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 27-44.
35. Scott, E.D., & Jehn, K.A. (1999). Ranking rank behaviors: A comprehensive situation-based definition of dishonesty. Business & Society, 38, 296-325.
36. Scott, E.D., & Jehn, K.A. (2003). About face: How employee dishonesty influences a stakeholder's image of an organization. Business & Society, 42, 234-266.
37. Sexty, R.W. (1998). Teaching business ethics in transitional economies: Avoiding ethical missionary. Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (12). 1311-1317.
38. Sims, R.L. (1999). The development of six ethical business dilemmas. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 20 (4). 189-197.
39. Sims, R.L. (2002 a). Ethical rule breaking by employees: A test of social bonding theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 40, 101-109.
40. Sims, R.L. (2002 b). Support for the use of deception within the work environment: A comparison of Israeli and United States employee attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 35, 27-34.
41. Smith, A., & Hume, E.C. (2005). Linking culture and ethics: A comparison of accountants' ethical belief systems in the individualism/ collectivism and power distance contexts. Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 209-220.
42. Swaidan, Z., & Hayes, L.A. (2005). Hofstede theory and cross cultural ethics conceptualization, review, and research agenda. Journal of American Academy of Business, 6 (2). 10-15.
43. Teoh, H.Y., Serang, D.P., & Lim, C.C. (1999). Individualism- collectivism cultural differences affecting perceptions of unethical practices: Some evidence from Australian and Indonesian accounting students. Teaching Business Ethics, 3 (2). 137-153.
44. Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
45. Vitell, S.J., Nwachukwu, S.L., & Barnes, J.H. (1993). The effects of culture on ethical decision-making: An application of Hofstede's typology. Journal of Business Ethics, 12 (10). 753-760.
46. Weaver, G.R. (1993). Corporate codes of ethics: Purpose, process and content issues. Business & Society, 32, 44-58.
47. Weaver, G.R. (2001). Ethics programs in global businesses: Culture's role in managing ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 30 (1). 3-15.
48. Zhuang, J., Thomas, S., & Miller, D.L. (2005). Examining culture's effect on whistle-blowing and peer reporting. Business & Society, 44, 462-486.