Employee positive moods as a mediator linking transformational leadership and employee work outcomes

International Journal of Human Resource Management

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 206-219

  Tsai, Wei Chi ^a   Chen, Hsien Wen ^b   Cheng, Jen Wei ^b  

^a NATIONAL CHENGCHI UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Emotion; Helping coworker behavior; Moods; Positive moods; Task performance; Transformational leadership

Indexed keywords

EID: 59249098542     PISSN: 09585192     EISSN: 14664399     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09585190802528714     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Ashforth, B. E. and Humphrey, R. H. (1995) Emotion in the Workplace a Reappraisal. Human Relations, 48, pp. 97-125.
2. Avolio, B. J., Waldman, D. A. and Yammarino, F. J. (1991) Leading in the 1990s: The Four Is of Transformational Leadership. Journal of European Industrial Training, 15, pp. 9-16.
3. Awamleh, R. A. and Gardner, W. L. (1999) Perceptions of Leader Charisma and Effectiveness: The Effects of Vision Concept, Delivery and Organizational Performance. Leadership Quarterly, 10, pp. 345-373.
4. Barber, B. (1983) The Logic and Limits of Trust, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ
5. Barling, J., Weber, T. and Kelloway, E. K. (1996) Effects of Transformational Leadership Training on Attitudinal and Financial Outcomes: A Field Experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, pp. 827-832.
6. Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986) The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research, Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, pp. 1173-1182.
7. Bass, B. M. (1985) Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, The Free Press, New York
8. Bass, B. M. (1999) Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8, pp. 9-32.
9. Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. (1997) Full Range Leadership Development Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, pp. 43-44. Mind Garden, California
10. Brief, A. P. and Weiss, H. M. (2002) Organizational Behavior, Affect in the Workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, pp. 279-307.
11. Bryman, A. (1992) Charisma and Leadership in Organizations, Sage, London
12. Burns, J. M. (1978) Leadership, Harper and Row, New York
13. Carlson, M., Charlin, V. and Miller, N. (1988) Positive Mood and Helping Behavior, A Test of Six Hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, pp. 211-229.
14. Cherulnik, P. D., Donley, K. A., Wiewel, T. S. R. and Miller, S. R. (2001) Charisma is Contagious, The Effect of Leader's Charisma on Observer's Affect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, pp. 2149-2159.
15. Clark, M. S. and Isen, A. M. (1982) Toward Understanding the Relationship Between Feeling States and Social Behavior. Cognitive Social Psychology, pp. 73-108. Elsevier Science, New York
16. Coleman, V. I. and Borman, W. C. (2000) Investigating the Underlying Structure of the Citizenship Performance Domain. Human Resources Management Review, 10, pp. 25-44.
17. Conger, J. A. and Kanungo, R. N. (1998) Charismatic Leadership in Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
18. Cunningham, M. R., Steinberg, J. and Grev, R. (1980) Wanting To and Having To Help, Separate Motivations for Positive Mood and Guilt-induced Helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, pp. 181-192.
19. Diener, E., Larsen, R. J., Levine, S. and Emmons, R. A. (1985) Intensity and Frequency, Dimensions Underlying Positive and Negative Affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, pp. 1253-1265.
20. Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. and Rhoades, L. (2001) Reciprocation of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, pp. 42-51.
21. Erez, A. and Isen, A. M. (2002) The Influence of Positive Affect on the Components of Expectancy Motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, pp. 1055-1067.
22. Forgas, J. P. (2002) Feeling and Doing, Affective Influences on Interpersonal Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 13, pp. 1-28.
23. Fuller, J. B., Patterson, C. E. P., Hester, K. and Stringer, D. Y. (1996) A Quantitative Review of Research on Charismatic Leadership. Psychological Reports, 78, pp. 271-287.
24. George, J. M. (1991) State or Trait, Effects of Positive Mood on Prosocial Behaviors at Work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, pp. 299-307.
25. George, J. M. (2000) Emotions and Leadership: The Role of Emotional Intelligence. Human Relations, 53, pp. 1027-1055.
26. George, J. M. and Brief, A. P. (1992) Feeling Good - Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of the Mood at Work - Organizational Spontaneity Relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112, pp. 310-329.
27. George, J. M. and Brief, A. P. (1996) Motivational Agendas in the Workplace: The Effects of Feelings on Focus of Attention and Work Motivation. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, pp. 75-109.
28. George, J. M. and Zhou, J. (2002) Understanding When Bad Moods Foster Creativity and Good Ones Don't: The Role of Context and Clarity of Feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, pp. 687-697.
29. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. and Rapson, R. (1994) Emotional Contagion, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
30. Hayduk, L. A. (1987) Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL: Essentials and Advances, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD
31. House, R. and Baetz, M. L. (1979) Leadership, Some Empirical Generalizations and New Directions. Research in Organization Behavior, 1, pp. 385-386.
32. Isen, A. M. and Baron, R. A. (1991) Positive Affect as a Factor in Organizational Behavior. Research in Organizational Behavior, 13, pp. 1-53.
33. Isen, A. M. and Levin, P. F. (1972) The Effect of Feeling Good on Helping: Cookies and Kindness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, pp. 384-388.
34. Isen, A. M., Clark, M. and Schwartz, M. F. (1976) Duration of the Effect of Good Mood on Helping: 'Footprints on the sands of time'. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, pp. 385-393.
35. Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A. and Nowicki, G. P. (1987) Positive Affect Facilitates Creative Problem Solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, pp. 1122-1131.
36. Isen, A. M., Johnson, M. M. S., Mertz, E. and Robinson, G. F. (1985) The Influence of Positive Affect on the Unusualness of Word Associations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, pp. 1413-1426.
37. Joreskog, K. G. and Sorbom, D. (1993) LISREL 8, User's Reference Guide, Scientific Software International, Chicago, IL
38. Judge, T. A. and Ferris, G. R. (1993) Social Context of Performance Evaluation Decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 36, pp. 80-105.
39. Judge, T. A. and Piccolo, R. F. (2004) Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, pp. 755-768.
40. Jung, D. I. and Avolio, B. J. (2000) Opening the Black Box: An Experimental Investigation of the Mediating Effects of Trust and Value Congruence on Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, pp. 949-964.
41. Kelly, J. and Barsade, S. (2001) Moods and Emotions in Small Groups and Work Teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 86, pp. 99-130.
42. Kirkpatrick, S. and Locke, E. (1996) Direct and Indirect Effects of Three Core Charismatic Leadership Components on Performance and Attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, pp. 36-51.
43. Lazarus, R. S. (1991) Emotion and Adaptation, Oxford University Press, New York
44. Locke, E. A. and Latham, G. P. (1990) The Theory of Goal-setting and Task Performance, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
45. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G. and Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996) Effectiveness Correlates of Transformational and Transactional Leadership, A Meta-analytic Review. Leadership Quarterly, 3, pp. 385-425.
46. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. and Diener, E. (2005) The Benefits of frequent Positive Affect, Does Happiness Lead to Success. Psychological Bulletin, 131, pp. 803-855.
47. MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M. and Rich, G. A. (2001) Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Salesperson Performance. Academy of Marketing Science, 29, pp. 115-134.
48. McColl-Kennedy, J. R. and Anderson, R. D. (2002) Impact of Leadership Style and Emotions on Subordinate Performance. Leadership Quarterly, 13, pp. 545-559.
49. Organ, D. W. (1988) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA
50. Organ, D. W. and Ryan, K. (1995) A Meta-analytic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, pp. 775-802.
51. Piccolo, R. F. and Colquitt, J. A. (2006) Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Core Job Characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49, pp. 327-340.
52. Plutchik, R. (1994) The Psychology and Biology of Emotion, Harper Collins College Publishers, New York
53. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. and Bacharach, D. G. (2000) Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Management, 26, pp. 513-563.
54. Shamir, B., House, R. J. and Arthur, M. B. (1993) The Motivational Effects of Charismatic Leadership, a Self-concept Based Theory. Organization Science, 4, pp. 577-594.
55. Singh, J., Goolsby, J. R. and Rhoads, G. K. (1994) Behavioral and Psychological Consequences of Boundary Spanning Burnout for Customer Service Representatives. Journal of Marketing Research, 31, pp. 558-569.
56. Staw, B. M. and Boettger, R. D. (1990) Task Revision: A Neglected Form of Work Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 33, pp. 534-559.
57. Sullivan, D. and Masters, R. (1988) Happy Warriors, Leaders? Facial Displays, Viewers? Emotions and Political Support. American Journal of Political Science, 32, pp. 345-368.
58. Sy, T., Cote, S. and Saavedra, R. (2005) The Contagious Leader, Impact of the Leader's Mood on the Mood of Group Members, Group Affective Tone and Group Processes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, pp. 295-305.
59. Totterdell, P. (1999) Mood Score, Mood and Performance in Professional Cricketers. The British Psychological Society, 90, pp. 317-332.
60. Tsai, W. C. and Huang, Y. M. (2002) Mechanisms Linking Employee Affective Delivery and Customer Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, pp. 1001-1008.
61. Vroom, V. H. (1964) Work and Motivation, Wiley, New York
62. Wang, H., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Wang, D. and Chen, Z. X. (2005) Leader-member Exchange as a Mediator of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Followers' Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, pp. 420-432.
63. Wayne, S. J. and Ferris, G. R. (1990) Influence Tactics, Affect and Exchange Quality in Supervisor-Subordinate Interactions: A Laboratory Experiment and Field Study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, pp. 487-499.
64. Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., Graf, I. K. and Ferris, G. R. (1997) The Role of Upward Influence Tactics in Human Resource Decisions. Personnel Psychology, 50, pp. 979-1006.
65. Weiss, H. M. and Cropanzano, R. (1996) Affect Event Theory: A Theoretical Discussion of the Structure, Causes and Consequences of Affective Experiences at Work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, pp. 1-74.
66. Wright, T. A. and Staw, B. M. (1999) Affect and Favorable Work Outcomes: Two Longitudinal Tests of the Happy-productive Worker Thesis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, pp. 1-23.
67. Yukl, G. (1999) An Evaluation of Conceptual Weaknesses in Transformational and Charismatic Leadership Theories. Leadership Quarterly, 10, pp. 285-305.