Aflatoxin exposure and viral hepatitis in the etiology of liver cirrhosis in The Gambia, West Africa

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 116, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1553-1557

  Kuniholm, Mark H ^a   Lesi, Olufunmilayo A ^b,c   Mendy, Maimuna ^d   Akano, Aliu O ^e,f   Sam, Omar ^e   Hall, Andrew J ^g   Whittle, Hilton ^d   Bah, Ebrima ^b   Goedert, James J ^h   Hainaut, Pierre ⁱ   Kirk, Gregory D ^a,h  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b Intl Agency for Research on Cancer   (Gambia)

^c LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL   (Nigeria)

^d MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL LABORATORIES   (Gambia)

^e Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital Gambia   (Gambia)

^f NATIONAL HOSPITAL   (Nigeria)

^g LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^h Department of Health and Human Services ^*  (United States)

ⁱ INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER   (France)

Author keywords

Aflatoxin; Africa; Hepatitis B virus; Liver cirrhosis; P53; The Gambia; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

AFLATOXIN; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B(E) ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS C ANTIBODY; PROTEIN P53; SERINE; VIRUS RNA;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECHOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD INTAKE; FUNGAL CONTAMINATION; GAMBIA; GENE MUTATION; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; PEANUT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; TOXIC HEPATITIS; VIROLOGY;

ARACHIS HYPOGAEA; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS C VIRUS;

AFLATOXINS; FEMALE; GAMBIA; HEPATITIS, TOXIC; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MALE;

EID: 58849110696     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11661     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aguilar F, Harris CC, Sun T, Hollstein M, Cerutti P. 1994. Geographic variation of p53 mutational profile in nonmalignant human liver. Science 264:1317-1319.
2. Aguilar F, Hussain SP, Cerutti P. 1993. Aflatoxin B1 induces the transversion of G→T in codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:8586-8590.
3. Bah E, Parkin DM, Hall AJ, Jack AD, Whittle H. 2001. Cancer in the Gambia: 1988-1997. Br J Cancer 84:1207-1214.
4. Bosch FX, Ribes J, Cléries R, Diaz M. 2005. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis 9:191-121.
5. Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Lu SN, et al. 2006. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295:65-73.
6. Corrao G, Torchio P, Zambon A, Ferrari P, Arico S, di Orio F. 1998. Exploring the combined action of lifetime alcohol intake and chronic hepatotropic virus infections on the risk of symptomatic liver cirrhosis. Collaborative Groups for the Study of Liver Diseases in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 14:447-456.
7. Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Worman HJ, Gold EB, Watnik M, Utts J, et al. 2005. Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients. Hepatology 42:1194-1202.
8. Gong Y, Hounsa A, Egal S, Turner PC, Sutcliffe AE, Hall AJ, et al. 2004. Postweaning exposure to aflatoxin results in impaired child growth: a longitudinal study in Benin, West Africa. Environ Health Perspect 112:1334-1338.
9. Groopman JD, Kensler TW, Wild CP. 2008. Protective interventions to prevent aflatoxin-induced carcinogenesis in developing countries. Annu Rev Public Health 29:187-203.
10. Hall AJ, Wild DP. 1994. Epidemiology of aflatoxin related disease. In: The Toxicology of Aflatoxins: Human Health, Veterinary and Agricultural Significance (Neaton A, Groopman JD, eds). London:Academic Press, 233-258.
11. Hung CH, Lu SN, Wang JH, Lee CM, Chen TM, Tung HD, et al. 2003. Correlation between ultrasonographic and pathologic diagnoses of hepatitis B and C virus-related cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 38:153-157.
12. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1993. Aflatoxins. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 56:245-395.
13. Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Chen CJ. 2006. Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 130:678-686.
14. Jackson PE, Kuang SY, Wang JB, Strickland PT, Munoz A, Kensler TW, et al. 2003. Prospective detection of codon 249 mutations in plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Carcinogenesis 24:1657-1663.
15. Kew MC. 2003. Synergistic interaction between aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus in hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver Int 23:405-409.
16. Kirk GD, Bah E, Montesano R. 2006. Molecular epidemiology of human liver cancer: insights into etiology, pathogenesis and prevention from The Gambia, West Africa. Carcinogenesis 27:2070-2082
17. Kirk GD, Camus-Randon AM, Mendy M, Goedert JJ, Merle P, Trepo C, et al. 2000. Ser-249 p53 mutations in plasma DNA of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from The Gambia. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:148-153.
18. Kirk GD, Lesi OA, Mendy M, Akano AO, Sam O, Goedert JJ, et al. 2004. The Gambia Liver Cancer Study: infection with hepatitis B and C and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in West Africa. Hepatology 39:211-219.
19. Kirk GD, Lesi OA, Mendy M, Szymanska K, Whittle H, Goedert JJ, et al. 2005. 249(ser) TP53 mutation in plasma DNA, hepatitis B viral infection, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 24:5858-5867.
20. Lesi OA, Kehinde MO, Anomneze EE, Wali SS. 2002. Hepatitis C infection and risk of chronic liver disease in Lagos. Nig Q J Hosp Med 12:1-5.
21. Lewis L, Onsongo M, Njapau H, Schurz-Rogers H, Luber G, Kieszak S, et al. 2005. Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central Kenya. Environ Health Perspect 113:1763-1767.
22. Lin DY, Sheen IS, Chiu CT, Lin SM, Kuo YC, Liaw YF. 1993. Ultrasonographic changes of early liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B: a longitudinal study. J Clin Ultrasound 21:303-308.
23. Lin X, Robinson NJ, Thursz M, Rosenberg DM, Weild A, Pimenta JM, et al. 2005. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region and Africa: review of disease progression. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:833-843.
24. Lleonart ME, Kirk GD, Villar S, Lesi OA, Dasgupta A, Goedert JJ, et al. 2005. Quantitative analysis of plasma TP53 249Ser-mutated DNA by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:2956-2962.
25. Mace K, Aguilar F, Wang JS, Vautravers P, Gomez-Lechon M, Gonzalez FJ, et al. 1997. Aflatoxin B1-induced DNA adduct formation and p53 mutations in CYP450-expressing human liver cell lines. Carcinogenesis 18:1291-1297.
26. Mastrangelo G, Fedeli U, Fadda E, Valentini F, Agnesi R, Magarotto G, et al. 2004. Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in vinyl chloride workers: synergistic effect of occupational exposure with alcohol intake. Environ Health Perspect 112:1188-1192.
27. McMahon BJ. 2005. Epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis B. Semin Liver Dis 25(suppl 1):3-8.
28. Ortatatli M, Oguz H, Hatipoglu F, Karaman M. 2005. Evaluation of pathological changes in broilers during chronic aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb) and clinoptilolite exposure. Res Vet Sci 78:61-68.
29. Poonawala A, Nair SP, Thuluvath PJ. 2000. Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis: a casecontrol study. Hepatology 32:689-692.
30. Qian GS, Ross RK, Yu MC, Yuan JM, Gao YT, Henderson BE, et al. 1994. A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 3:3-10.
31. Schneider AR, Teuber G, Kriener S, Caspary WF. 2005. Noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int 25:1150-1155.
32. Seffner W, Schiller F, Lippold U, Dieter HH, Hoffmann A. 1997. Experimental induction of liver fibrosis in young guinea pigs by combined application of copper sulphate and aflatoxin B1. Toxicol Lett 92:161-172.
33. Shen L, Li JQ, Zeng MD, Lu LG, Fan ST, Bao H. 2006. Correlation between ultrasonographic and pathologic diagnosis of liver fibrosis due to chronic virus hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 12:1292-1295.
34. Sohn S, Jaitovitch-Groisman I, Benlimame N, Galipeau J, Batist G, Aoui-Jamali MA. 2000. Retroviral expression of the hepatitis B virus x gene promotes liver cell susceptibility to carcinogen-induced site specific mutagenesis. Mutat Res 460:17-28.
35. Strosnider H, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Banziger M, Bhat RV, Breiman R, Brune MN, et al. 2006. Workgroup report: public health strategies for reducing aflatoxin exposure in developing countries. Environ Health Perspect 114:1898-1903.
36. Szymanska K, Lesi OA, Kirk GD, Sam O, Taniere P, Scoazec JY, et al. 2004. Ser-249TP53 mutation in tumour and plasma DNA of hepatocellular carcinoma patients from a high incidence area in the Gambia, West Africa. Int J Cancer 110:374-379.
37. Takano S, Yokosuka O, Imazeki F, Tagawa M, Omata M. 1995. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B and C: a prospective study of 251 patients. Hepatology 21:650-655.
38. The Global Burden of Hepatitis C Working Group. 2004. Global burden of disease (GBD) for hepatitis C. J Clin Pharmacol 44:20-29.
39. Tong WM, Lee MK, Galendo D, Wang ZQ, Sabapathy K. 2006. Aflatoxin-B exposure does not lead to p53 mutations but results in enhanced liver cancer of Hupki (human p53 knock-in) mice. Int J Cancer 119:745-749.
40. Tsai JF, Chang WY, Jeng JE, Ho MS, Lin ZY, Tsai JH. 1994. Hepatitis B and C virus infection as risk factors for liver cirrhosis and cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma: a casecontrol study. Liver 14:98-102.
41. Tsai JF, Jeng JE, Chuang LY, Ho MS, Ko YC, Lin ZY, et al. 2003. Habitual betel quid chewing as a risk factor for cirrhosis: a case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 82:365-372.
42. Turner PC, Moore SE, Hall AJ, Prentice AM, Wild CP. 2003. Modification of immune function through exposure to dietary aflatoxin in Gambian children. Environ Health Perspect 111:217-220.
43. Turner PC, Sylla A, Gong YY, Diallo MS, Sutcliffe AE, Hall AJ, et al. 2005. Reduction in exposure to carcinogenic aflatoxins by postharvest intervention measures in west Africa: a community-based intervention study. Lancet 365:1950-1956.
44. WHO. 2003. The World Health Report: Shaping the Future. Geneva:World Health Organization. Available: http://www.who.int/whr/2003/en/ index.html [accessed 29 September 2008].
45. Wild CP, Fortuin M, Donato F, Whittle HC, Hall AJ, Wolf CR, et al. 1993. Aflatoxin, liver enzymes, and hepatitis B virus infection in Gambian children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2:555-561.
46. Wild CP, Turner PC. 2002. The toxicology of aflatoxins as a basis for public health decisions. Mutagenesis 17:471-481.
47. Wild CP, Yin F, Turner PC, Chemin I, Chapot B, Mendy M, et al. 2000. Environmental and genetic determinants of aflatoxinalbumin adducts in the Gambia. Int J Cancer 86:1-7.
48. Yamada H, Ebara M, Yamaguchi T, Okabe S, Fukuda H, Yoshikawa M, et al. 2006. A pilot approach for quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis using ultrasound: preliminary results in 79 cases. J Hepatol 44:68-75.
49. Zhang M, Rosenberg PS, Brown DL, Preiss L, Konkle BA, Eyster ME, et al. 2006. Correlates of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus among people with hemophilia. Blood 107:892-897.