메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 125, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 405-424

Modeling tone and intonation in Mandarin and English as a process of target approximation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATIC SYNTHESIS; EFFECTIVE TOOL; F0 CONTOURS; HUMAN IDENTIFICATION; MODEL PARAMETERS; NATURAL SPEECH; SPEECH PRODUCTION;

EID: 58649121677     PISSN: 00014966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1121/1.3037222     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (134)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0000069280 scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Stockholm, Vol.
    • Arvaniti, A., and Ladd, D. R. (1995). " Tonal alignment and the representation of accentual targets.," Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Stockholm, Vol. 4, pp. 220-223.
    • (1995) Tonal Alignment and the Representation of Accentual Targets , vol.4 , pp. 220-223
    • Arvaniti, A.1    Ladd, D.R.2
  • 2
    • 0031627266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of tonal alignment: The case of Greek prenuclear accents
    • "
    • Arvaniti, A., Ladd, D. R., and Mennen, I. (1998). " Stability of tonal alignment: The case of Greek prenuclear accents.," J. Phonetics 26, 3-25.
    • (1998) J. Phonetics , vol.26 , pp. 3-25
    • Arvaniti, A.1    Ladd, D.R.2    Mennen, I.3
  • 3
    • 2942726537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the phonetics and phonology of "segmental anchoring" of F0: Evidence from German
    • Atterer, M., and Ladd, D. R. (2004). " On the phonetics and phonology of "segmental anchoring" of F0: Evidence from German.," J. Phonetics 32, 177-197.
    • (2004) J. Phonetics , vol.32 , pp. 177-197
    • Atterer, M.1    Ladd, D.R.2
  • 4
    • 21844440585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SFC: A trainable prosodic model
    • Bailly, G., and Holm B. (2005). " SFC: A trainable prosodic model.," Speech Commun. 46, 348-364.
    • (2005) Speech Commun. , vol.46 , pp. 348-364
    • Bailly, G.1    Holm, B.2
  • 7
    • 4444257069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer
    • Boersma, P. (2001). " Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer.," Glot International 5, 341-345.
    • (2001) Glot International , vol.5 , pp. 341-345
    • Boersma, P.1
  • 10
    • 21844474483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrastive tonal analysis of focus perception in Greek and Swedish
    • " in, edited by A. Botinis (Kluwer Academic, Boston).
    • Botinis, A., Bannert, R., and Tatham, M. (2000). " Contrastive tonal analysis of focus perception in Greek and Swedish,.." in Intonation: Analysis, Modelling and Technology, edited by, A. Botinis, (Kluwer Academic, Boston), 97-116.
    • (2000) Intonation: Analysis, Modelling and Technology , pp. 97-116
    • Botinis, A.1    Bannert, R.2    Tatham, M.3
  • 11
    • 22544448956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language-specificity in the perception of paralingistic intonational meaning
    • "
    • Chen, A., Gussenhoven, C., and Rietveld, T. (2004). " Language-specificity in the perception of paralingistic intonational meaning.," Iowa Dent. Bull. 47, 311-349.
    • (2004) Iowa Dent. Bull. , vol.47 , pp. 311-349
    • Chen, A.1    Gussenhoven, C.2    Rietveld, T.3
  • 12
    • 33644675107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of weak elements in speech: Evidence from F0 patterns of neutral tone in standard Chinese
    • Chen, Y., and Xu, Y. (2006). " Production of weak elements in speech: Evidence from F0 patterns of neutral tone in standard Chinese.," Phonetica 63, 47-75.
    • (2006) Phonetica , vol.63 , pp. 47-75
    • Chen, Y.1    Xu, Y.2
  • 13
    • 0021803782 scopus 로고
    • Acoustical aspects of contrastive stress in question-answer contexts
    • "
    • Cooper, W. E., Eady, S. J., and Mueller, P. R. (1985). " Acoustical aspects of contrastive stress in question-answer contexts.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 2142-2156.
    • (1985) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.77 , pp. 2142-2156
    • Cooper, W.E.1    Eady, S.J.2    Mueller, P.R.3
  • 14
    • 0029342671 scopus 로고
    • Automatic pitch contour stylization using a model of tonal perception
    • d'Alessandro, C., and Mertens, P. (1995). " Automatic pitch contour stylization using a model of tonal perception.," Comput. Speech Lang. 9, 257-288.
    • (1995) Comput. Speech Lang. , vol.9 , pp. 257-288
    • D'Alessandro, C.1    Mertens, P.2
  • 15
    • 0039387205 scopus 로고
    • Initial tones and prominence in Seoul Korean
    • in edited by S.-H Lee and S.-A. Jun (The Ohio State University Department of Linguistics), Vol..
    • de Jong, K. (1994), " Initial tones and prominence in Seoul Korean.," in Working Papers in Linguistics edited by, S.-H Lee, and, S.-A. Jun, (The Ohio State University Department of Linguistics), Vol. 43.
    • (1994) Working Papers in Linguistics , vol.43
    • De Jong, K.1
  • 18
    • 0000111583 scopus 로고
    • The production of low tones in English intonation
    • "
    • Erickson, D., Honda, K., Hirai, H., and Beckman, M. E. (1995). " The production of low tones in English intonation.," J. Phonetics 23, 179-188.
    • (1995) J. Phonetics , vol.23 , pp. 179-188
    • Erickson, D.1    Honda, K.2    Hirai, H.3    Beckman, M.E.4
  • 19
    • 84964153357 scopus 로고
    • Experiments in the perception of stress
    • Fry, D. B. (1958). " Experiments in the perception of stress.," Leeds Dent. J. 1, 126-152.
    • (1958) Leeds Dent. J. , vol.1 , pp. 126-152
    • Fry, D.B.1
  • 22
    • 0002944642 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic characteristics of voice fundamental frequency in speech and singing
    • in, edited by P. F. MacNeilage (Springer-Verlag, New York)
    • Fujisaki, H. (1983). " Dynamic characteristics of voice fundamental frequency in speech and singing.," in The Production of Speech, edited by, P. F. MacNeilage, (Springer-Verlag, New York), pp. 39-55.
    • (1983) The Production of Speech , pp. 39-55
    • Fujisaki, H.1
  • 24
    • 24144475487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis and synthesis of fundamental frequency contours of standard Chinese using the command-response model
    • "
    • Fujisaki, H., Wang, C., Ohno, S., and Gu, W. (2005). " Analysis and synthesis of fundamental frequency contours of standard Chinese using the command-response model.," Speech Commun. 47, 59-70.
    • (2005) Speech Commun. , vol.47 , pp. 59-70
    • Fujisaki, H.1    Wang, C.2    Ohno, S.3    Gu, W.4
  • 26
    • 34247890092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the acquisition of lexical tones from continuous dynamic input
    • "
    • Gauthier, B., Shi, R., and Xu, Y. (2007). " Simulating the acquisition of lexical tones from continuous dynamic input.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, EL190-EL195.
    • (2007) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.121
    • Gauthier, B.1    Shi, R.2    Xu, Y.3
  • 28
    • 0037182907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overlap of internal models in motor cortex for mechanical loads during reaching
    • Gribble, P. L., and Scott, S. H. (2002). " Overlap of internal models in motor cortex for mechanical loads during reaching.," Nature (London) 417, 938-941.
    • (2002) Nature (London) , vol.417 , pp. 938-941
    • Gribble, P.L.1    Scott, S.H.2
  • 29
    • 34347214806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of tones in Cantonese speech based on the command-response model
    • "
    • Gu, W., Hirose, K., and Fujisaki, H. (2007). " Analysis of tones in Cantonese speech based on the command-response model.," Phonetica 64, 29-62.
    • (2007) Phonetica , vol.64 , pp. 29-62
    • Gu, W.1    Hirose, K.2    Fujisaki, H.3
  • 30
    • 0028719136 scopus 로고
    • A neural network model of speech acquisition and motor equivalent speech production
    • Guenther, F. H. (1994). " A neural network model of speech acquisition and motor equivalent speech production.," Biol. Cybern. 72, 43-53.
    • (1994) Biol. Cybern. , vol.72 , pp. 43-53
    • Guenther, F.H.1
  • 32
    • 84970177218 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of tone-specific activity of the sternohyoid muscle in modern standard Chinese
    • Halĺ, P. A. (1994). " Evidence of tone-specific activity of the sternohyoid muscle in modern standard Chinese.," Leeds Dent. J. 37, 103-123.
    • (1994) Leeds Dent. J. , vol.37 , pp. 103-123
    • Halĺ, P.A.1
  • 33
    • 34248836778 scopus 로고
    • Fundamental frequency as an acoustic cue to accent perception
    • Hasegawa, Y., and Hata, K. (1992). " Fundamental frequency as an acoustic cue to accent perception.," Leeds Dent. J. 35, 87-98.
    • (1992) Leeds Dent. J. , vol.35 , pp. 87-98
    • Hasegawa, Y.1    Hata, K.2
  • 34
    • 0016187926 scopus 로고
    • Morphological structure of the vocal cord as a vibrator and its variations
    • Hirano, M. (1974). " Morphological structure of the vocal cord as a vibrator and its variations.," Folia Phoniatr. 26, 89-94.
    • (1974) Folia Phoniatr. , vol.26 , pp. 89-94
    • Hirano, M.1
  • 35
    • 0036027583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication and prosody: Functional aspects of prosody
    • Hirschberg, J. (2002). " Communication and prosody: Functional aspects of prosody.," Speech Commun. 36, 31-43.
    • (2002) Speech Commun. , vol.36 , pp. 31-43
    • Hirschberg, J.1
  • 36
    • 21844464076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Form and function in the representation of speech prosody
    • Hirst, D. (2005). " Form and function in the representation of speech prosody.," Speech Commun. 46, 334-347.
    • (2005) Speech Commun. , vol.46 , pp. 334-347
    • Hirst, D.1
  • 37
    • 0041512557 scopus 로고
    • Automatic modelling of fundamental frequency using a quadratic spline function
    • Hirst, D., and Espesser, R. (1993). " Automatic modelling of fundamental frequency using a quadratic spline function.," Travaux de l'Institut de Phońtique d'Aix 15, 75-85.
    • (1993) Travaux de l'Institut de Phońtique d'Aix , vol.15 , pp. 75-85
    • Hirst, D.1    Espesser, R.2
  • 38
    • 0345580812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rules for the generation of ToBI-based American English intonation
    • "
    • Jilka, M., Möhler, G., and Dogil, G. (1999). " Rules for the generation of ToBI-based American English intonation.," Speech Commun. 28, 83-108.
    • (1999) Speech Commun. , vol.28 , pp. 83-108
    • Jilka, M.1    Möhler, G.2    Dogil, G.3
  • 39
    • 58649120810 scopus 로고
    • The process approach to understanding human motor behavior: An introduction
    • in, edited by J. A. S. Kelso (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ)
    • Kelso, J. A. S. (1982). " The process approach to understanding human motor behavior: an introduction.," in Human Motor Behavior: An Introduction, edited by, J. A. S. Kelso, (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ), pp. 3-19.
    • (1982) Human Motor Behavior: An Introduction , pp. 3-19
    • Kelso, J.A.S.1
  • 40
    • 0023407575 scopus 로고
    • Review of text-to-speech conversion for English
    • Klatt, D. H. (1987). " Review of text-to-speech conversion for English.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 737-792.
    • (1987) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.82 , pp. 737-792
    • Klatt, D.H.1
  • 41
    • 0037290439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosody modeling with soft templates
    • Kochanski, G., and Shih, C. (2003). " Prosody modeling with soft templates.," Speech Commun. 39, 311-352.
    • (2003) Speech Commun. , vol.39 , pp. 311-352
    • Kochanski, G.1    Shih, C.2
  • 42
    • 0242468783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of prosodic strength in Mandarin
    • "
    • Kochanski, G., Shih, C., and Jing, H. (2003). " Quantitative measurement of prosodic strength in Mandarin.," Speech Commun. 41, 625-645.
    • (2003) Speech Commun. , vol.41 , pp. 625-645
    • Kochanski, G.1    Shih, C.2    Jing, H.3
  • 43
    • 29744461495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing and communicative functions of pitch contours
    • Kohler, K. (2005). " Timing and communicative functions of pitch contours.," Phonetica 62, 88-105.
    • (2005) Phonetica , vol.62 , pp. 88-105
    • Kohler, K.1
  • 44
    • 0035400439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the alleged existence of contrastive accents
    • Krahmer, E., and Swerts, M. (2001). " On the alleged existence of contrastive accents.," Speech Commun. 34, 391-405.
    • (2001) Speech Commun. , vol.34 , pp. 391-405
    • Krahmer, E.1    Swerts, M.2
  • 45
    • 0038074240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downstep and high raising: Interacting factors in Yoruba tone production
    • Laniran, Y. O., and Clements, G. N. (2003). " Downstep and high raising: Interacting factors in Yoruba tone production.," J. Phonetics 31, 203-250.
    • (2003) J. Phonetics , vol.31 , pp. 203-250
    • Laniran, Y.O.1    Clements, G.N.2
  • 46
    • 84926274953 scopus 로고
    • Phonological features of intonational peaks
    • Ladd, D. R. (1983). " Phonological features of intonational peaks.," Language 59, 721-759.
    • (1983) Language , vol.59 , pp. 721-759
    • Ladd, D.R.1
  • 47
    • 0004190969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
    • Ladd, D. R. (1996). Intonational Phonology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
    • (1996) Intonational Phonology
    • Ladd, D.R.1
  • 48
    • 0039046046 scopus 로고
    • The phonetic structure of paragraphs
    • in, edited by A. Cohen and S. E. G. Nooteboom (Springer-Verlag, New York)
    • Lehiste, I. (1975). " The phonetic structure of paragraphs.," in Structure and Process in Speech Perception, edited by, A. Cohen, and, S. E. G. Nooteboom, (Springer-Verlag, New York), pp. 195-206.
    • (1975) Structure and Process in Speech Perception , pp. 195-206
    • Lehiste, I.1
  • 49
    • 0002052142 scopus 로고
    • Economy of speech gestures
    • in, edited by P. MacNeilage (Springer, New York).
    • Lindblom, B. (1983) " Economy of speech gestures.," in The Production of Speech, edited by, P. MacNeilage, (Springer, New York).
    • (1983) The Production of Speech
    • Lindblom, B.1
  • 50
    • 29744450523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel encoding of focus and interrogative meaning in Mandarin intonation
    • Liu, F., and Xu, Y. (2005). " Parallel encoding of focus and interrogative meaning in Mandarin intonation.," Phonetica 62, 70-87.
    • (2005) Phonetica , vol.62 , pp. 70-87
    • Liu, F.1    Xu, Y.2
  • 52
    • 58649121969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages: With Emphasis on Tone Languages, Beijing
    • Mixdorff, H. (2004). " Quantitative tone and intonation modeling across languages.," Proceedings of International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages: With Emphasis on Tone Languages, Beijing, pp. 137-142.
    • (2004) Quantitative Tone and Intonation Modeling Across Languages , pp. 137-142
    • Mixdorff, H.1
  • 53
    • 0017991060 scopus 로고
    • Indirect assessment of the contribution of subglottal air pressure and vocal fold tension to changes in the fundamental frequency in English
    • "
    • Monsen, R. B., Engebretson, A. M., and Vemula, N. R. (1978). " Indirect assessment of the contribution of subglottal air pressure and vocal fold tension to changes in the fundamental frequency in English.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 65-80.
    • (1978) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.64 , pp. 65-80
    • Monsen, R.B.1    Engebretson, A.M.2    Vemula, N.R.3
  • 54
    • 33644647489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constrained tone transformation technique for separation and combination of Mandarin tone and intonation
    • "
    • Ni, J., Kawai, H., and Hirose, K. (2006). " Constrained tone transformation technique for separation and combination of Mandarin tone and intonation.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 1764-1782.
    • (2006) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.119 , pp. 1764-1782
    • Ni, J.1    Kawai, H.2    Hirose, K.3
  • 57
    • 0002648211 scopus 로고
    • Production of tone
    • in, edited by V. A. Fromkin (Academic, New York)
    • Ohala, J. J. (1978). " Production of tone.," in Tone: A Linguistic Survey, edited by, V. A. Fromkin, (Academic, New York), pp. 5-39.
    • (1978) Tone: A Linguistic Survey , pp. 5-39
    • Ohala, J.J.1
  • 60
    • 0019632208 scopus 로고
    • Synthesizing intonation
    • Pierrehumbert, J. (1981). " Synthesizing intonation.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 985-995.
    • (1981) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.70 , pp. 985-995
    • Pierrehumbert, J.1
  • 61
    • 0002057028 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of intonational contours in the interpretation of discourse
    • in, edited by P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan, and M. E. Pollack (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)
    • Pierrehumbert, J., and Hirschberg, J. (1990). " The meaning of intonational contours in the interpretation of discourse.," in Intentions in Communication, edited by, P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan, and, M. E. Pollack, (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), pp. 271-311.
    • (1990) Intentions in Communication , pp. 271-311
    • Pierrehumbert, J.1    Hirschberg, J.2
  • 62
    • 0024955894 scopus 로고
    • Categories of tonal alignment in English
    • Pierrehumbert, J., and Steele, S. (1990). " Categories of tonal alignment in English.," Phonetica 47, 181-196.
    • (1990) Phonetica , vol.47 , pp. 181-196
    • Pierrehumbert, J.1    Steele, S.2
  • 64
    • 84937285688 scopus 로고
    • Tonal alignment patterns in Spanish
    • "
    • Prieto, P., van Santen, J., and Hirschberg, J. (1995). " Tonal alignment patterns in Spanish.," J. Phonetics 23, 429-451.
    • (1995) J. Phonetics , vol.23 , pp. 429-451
    • Prieto, P.1    Van Santen, J.2    Hirschberg, J.3
  • 65
    • 0032665603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dynamical system model for generating fundamental frequency for speech synthesis
    • Ross, K. N., and Ostendorf, M. (1999). " A dynamical system model for generating fundamental frequency for speech synthesis.," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. 7, 295-309.
    • (1999) IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. , vol.7 , pp. 295-309
    • Ross, K.N.1    Ostendorf, M.2
  • 66
    • 0003025428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focus conditions and the prominence of pitch-accented syllables
    • Rump, H. H., and Collier, R. (1996). " Focus conditions and the prominence of pitch-accented syllables.," Leeds Dent. J. 39, 1-17.
    • (1996) Leeds Dent. J. , vol.39 , pp. 1-17
    • Rump, H.H.1    Collier, R.2
  • 67
    • 0023175525 scopus 로고
    • Skilled actions: A task dynamic approach
    • Saltzman, E. L., and Kelso, J. A. S. (1987). " Skilled actions: A task dynamic approach.," Psychol. Rev. 94, 84-106.
    • (1987) Psychol. Rev. , vol.94 , pp. 84-106
    • Saltzman, E.L.1    Kelso, J.A.S.2
  • 68
    • 77956779481 scopus 로고
    • A dynamical approach to gestural patterning in speech production
    • 10.1207/s15326969eco0104-2.
    • Saltzman, E. L., and Munhall, K. G. (1989). " A dynamical approach to gestural patterning in speech production.," Ecological Psychol. 10.1207/s15326969eco0104-2 1, 333-382.
    • (1989) Ecological Psychol. , vol.1 , pp. 333-382
    • Saltzman, E.L.1    Munhall, K.G.2
  • 69
    • 0030095762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing
    • Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., and Turk, A. E. (1997). " A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing.," J. Psycholinguist. Res. 25, 193-247.
    • (1997) J. Psycholinguist. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 193-247
    • Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.1    Turk, A.E.2
  • 71
    • 0010135126 scopus 로고
    • The timing of prenuclear high accents in English
    • (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), Vol.
    • Silverman, K., and Pierrehumbert, J. (1990). " The timing of prenuclear high accents in English.," Papers in Laboratory Phonology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), Vol. I, pp. 72-106.
    • (1990) Papers in Laboratory Phonology , vol.1 , pp. 72-106
    • Silverman, K.1    Pierrehumbert, J.2
  • 73
    • 0031033301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosodic features at discourse boundaries of different length
    • Swerts, M. (1997). " Prosodic features at discourse boundaries of different length.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 514-521.
    • (1997) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.101 , pp. 514-521
    • Swerts, M.1
  • 75
    • 0034008810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis and synthesis of intonation using the tilt model
    • Taylor, P. (2000). " Analysis and synthesis of intonation using the tilt model.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 1697-1714.
    • (2000) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.107 , pp. 1697-1714
    • Taylor, P.1
  • 76
    • 0024495622 scopus 로고
    • On the relation between subglottal pressure and fundamental frequency in phonation
    • Titze, I. R. (1989). " On the relation between subglottal pressure and fundamental frequency in phonation.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 901-906.
    • (1989) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.85 , pp. 901-906
    • Titze, I.R.1
  • 77
    • 0001499565 scopus 로고
    • What is the smallest prosodic domain?
    • in, edited by P. A. Keating (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), Vol.
    • van Heuven, V. J. (1994). " What is the smallest prosodic domain?," in Papers in Laboratory Phonology, edited by, P. A. Keating, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), Vol. 3, pp. 76-98.
    • (1994) Papers in Laboratory Phonology , vol.3 , pp. 76-98
    • Van Heuven, V.J.1
  • 80
    • 58649097026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2002, Aix-en-Provence
    • Wightman, C. W. (2002). " ToBI or not ToBI.," Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2002, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 25-29.
    • (2002) ToBI or Not ToBI , pp. 25-29
    • Wightman, C.W.1
  • 82
    • 58649112391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Saarbrücken
    • Wong, Y. W., and Xu, Y. (2007). " Consonantal perturbation of F0 contours of Cantonese tones.," Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Saarbrücken, pp. 1293-1296.
    • (2007) Consonantal Perturbation of F0 Contours of Cantonese Tones , pp. 1293-1296
    • Wong, Y.W.1    Xu, Y.2
  • 83
    • 0030706880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual tonal variations in Mandarin
    • Xu, Y. (1997). " Contextual tonal variations in Mandarin.," J. Phonetics 25, 61-83.
    • (1997) J. Phonetics , vol.25 , pp. 61-83
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 84
    • 0032175507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistency of tone-syllable alignment across different syllable structures and speaking rates
    • Xu, Y. (1998). " Consistency of tone-syllable alignment across different syllable structures and speaking rates.," Phonetica 55, 179-203.
    • (1998) Phonetica , vol.55 , pp. 179-203
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 85
    • 0002685732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of F0 contours
    • Xu, Y. (1999). " Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of F0 contours.," J. Phonetics 27, 55-105.
    • (1999) J. Phonetics , vol.27 , pp. 55-105
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 86
    • 0035234554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamental frequency peak delay in Mandarin
    • Xu, Y. (2001). " Fundamental frequency peak delay in Mandarin.," Phonetica 58, 26-52.
    • (2001) Phonetica , vol.58 , pp. 26-52
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 87
    • 21844447847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech melody as articulatorily implemented communicative functions
    • Xu, Y. (2005). " Speech melody as articulatorily implemented communicative functions.," Speech Commun. 46, 220-251.
    • (2005) Speech Commun. , vol.46 , pp. 220-251
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 88
    • 58649107130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages, La Rochelle
    • Xu, Y. (2006). " Principles of tone research.," Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages, La Rochelle, pp. 3-13.
    • (2006) Principles of Tone Research , pp. 3-13
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 89
    • 58649115621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing and coordination in tone and intonation: An articulatory- functional perspective
    • (2008).
    • Xu, Y. (2008). " Timing and coordination in tone and intonation: An articulatory-functional perspective.," Lingua (2008).
    • (2008) Lingua
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 90
    • 0036193374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum speed of pitch change and how it may relate to speech
    • Xu, Y., and Sun, X. (2002). " Maximum speed of pitch change and how it may relate to speech.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 1399-1413.
    • (2002) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.111 , pp. 1399-1413
    • Xu, Y.1    Sun, X.2
  • 91
    • 20444482609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple effects of consonant manner of articulation and intonation type on F0 in English
    • Xu, Y., and Wallace, A. (2004) " Multiple effects of consonant manner of articulation and intonation type on F0 in English.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2317.
    • (2004) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.115 , pp. 2317
    • Xu, Y.1    Wallace, A.2
  • 92
    • 0342561578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pitch targets and their realization: Evidence from Mandarin Chinese
    • Xu, Y., and Wang, Q. E. (2001). " Pitch targets and their realization: Evidence from Mandarin Chinese.," Speech Commun. 33, 319-337.
    • (2001) Speech Commun. , vol.33 , pp. 319-337
    • Xu, Y.1    Wang, Q.E.2
  • 93
    • 21844443491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of consonant aspiration on Mandarin tones
    • Xu, C. X., and Xu, Y. (2003). " Effects of consonant aspiration on Mandarin tones.," J. Int. Phonetic Assoc. 33, 165-181.
    • (2003) J. Int. Phonetic Assoc. , vol.33 , pp. 165-181
    • Xu, C.X.1    Xu, Y.2
  • 94
    • 20444468491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonetic realization of focus in English declarative intonation
    • Xu, Y., and Xu, C. X. (2005). " Phonetic realization of focus in English declarative intonation.," J. Phonetics 33, 159-197.
    • (2005) J. Phonetics , vol.33 , pp. 159-197
    • Xu, Y.1    Xu, C.X.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.