Complexity, Chaos and Emergence

A Companion to Environmental Geography

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 66-80

  Manson, Steven M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aggregate complexity examining same features of systems as algorithmic and deterministic complexity; Aggregate complexity challenging encoding real systems into data; Complexity new kind of science; Deterministic complexity underlying dynamics of a system; Fractal pattern remaining unchanged over spatial or temporal scale of observation; Important kind of interaction self organisation; Self organisation concept of emergence

Indexed keywords

EID: 58549087180     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444305722.ch5     Document Type: Chapter

References (81)

1. Aerts, J. C. J. H., Eisinger, E., Heuvelink, G. B. M. complexity and Stewart, T. J. (2003) Using linear integer programming for multi-site land-use allocation. Geographical Analysis, 35(2), 148-69.
2. Allen, C. R. and Holling, C. S. (2002) Cross-scale structure and scale breaks in ecosystems and other complex systems. Ecosystems, 5(4), 315-18.
3. Arthur, W. B. (1999) Complexity and the economy. Science, 284(5411), 107-9.
4. Bak, P. (1996) How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality. New York: Copernicus Books.
5. Barabási, A.-L. and Bonabeau, E. (2003) Scale-free networks. Scientific American, 288(5), 50-59.
6. Batten, D. F. (2001) Complex landscapes of spatial interaction. The Annals of Regional Science, 35(1), 81-111.
7. Bolliger, J., Sprott, J. C. and Mladenoff, D. J. (2003) Self-organization and complexity in historical landscape patterns. Oikos, 100, 541-53.
8. Bousquet, F. and Le Page, C. (2004) Multi-agent simulations and ecosystem management: a review. Ecological Modelling, 176(3-4), 313-32.
9. Brose, U., Ostling, A., Harrison, K. and Martinez, N. D. (2004) Unified spatial scaling of species and their trophic interactions. Nature, 428(6979), 167-71.
10. Brown, C. (1995) Chaos and Catastrophe Theories. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
11. Byrne, D. (1998) Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences. London: Routledge.
12. Byrne, D. (2005) Complexity, configurations and cases. Theory Culture Society, 22(5), 95-111.
13. Casti, J. (1997) Would-Be Worlds: How Simulation Is Changing the Frontiers of Science. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
14. Chaitin, G. J. (1992) Information, Randomness, and Incompleteness. Singapore: World Scientific.
15. Cilliers, P. (1998) Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems. New York: Routledge.
16. Crawford, T. W. (2005) Spatial fluctuations as signatures of self-organization: a complex systems approach to landscape dynamics in Rondônia, Brazil. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 32(6), 857-75.
17. Demeritt D. and Wainwright J. (2005) Models, modeling, and geography. In N. Castree, A. Rogers and D. Sherman (eds), Questioning Geography. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 206-25.
18. Easterling, W. E. and Kok, K. (2002) Emergent properties of scale in global environmental modeling-are there any? Integrated Assessment, 3(2-3), 233-46.
19. Feigenbaum, M. J. (1980) Universal behavior in nonlinear systems. Los Alamos Science, 1, 4-27.
20. Fonstad, M. and Marcus, W. A. (2003) Self-organized criticality in riverbank systems. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93(2), 281-96.
21. Forrest, S. (1990) Emergent computation: self-organization, collective, and cooperative phenomena in natural and artificial computing networks. Physica D, 42, 1-11.
22. Gatrell, A. C. (2005) Complexity theory and geographies of health: a critical assessment. Social Science and Medicine, 60(12), 2661-71.
23. Gilbert, N. (1995) Emergence in social simulation. In N. Gilbert and R. Conte (eds), Artificial Societies: The Computer Simulation of Social Life. London: UCL Press, pp. 144-56.
24. Goodchild, M. F. and Mark, D. M. (1987) The fractal nature of geographic phenomena. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77(2), 265-78.
25. Haggett, P. (1965) Locational Analysis in Human Geography. London: Edward Arnold.
26. Hayles, N. K. (1991) Chaos and Order: Complex Dynamics in Literature and Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
27. Hendry, R. J. and McGlade, J. M. (1995) The role of memory in ecological systems. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 259, 153-59.
28. Holland, J. H. (1998) Emergence: From Chaos to Order. Philadelphia: Perseus Press.
29. Holling, C. S. (2001) Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological and social systems. Ecosystems, 4(5), 390-405.
30. Jones, S. (2002) Social constructionism and the environment: through the quagmire. Global Environmental Change, 12, 247-51.
31. Lee, C. (2004) Emergence and universal computation. Metroeconomica, 55(2-3), 219-38.
32. Leiber, T. (1999) Deterministic chaos and computational complexity: the case of methodological complexity reductions. Journal for General Philosophy of Science, 30(1), 87-100.
33. Lissack, M. (2001) Special issue: what is complexity science? Emergence, 3(1), 3-188.
34. Lorenz, E. N. (1973) Predictability: Does the Flap of a Butterfly's Wings in Brazil Set off a Tornado in Texas? AAAS Convention of the Global Atmospheric Research Program, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
35. Malanson, G. (1999) Considering complexity. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89(4), 746-53.
36. Malanson, G. P., Butler, D. R. and Walsh, S. J. (1990) Chaos theory in physical geography. Physical Geography, 11(4), 293-304.
37. Malanson, G. P., Zeng, Y. and Walsh, S. J. (2006) Complexity at advancing ecotones and frontiers. Environment and Planning A, 38(4), 619-32.
38. Manson, S. M. (2001) Simplifying complexity: a review of complexity theory. Geoforum, 32(3), 405-14.
39. Manson, S. M. and O'Sullivan, D. (2006) Complexity theory in the study of space and place. Environment and Planning A, 38(4), 677.
40. Marquet, P. A. (2000) Ecology: invariants, scaling laws, and ecological complexity. Science, 289(5484), 1487-91.
41. May, R. (1976) Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics. Nature, 261, 459-67.
42. McCulloch, W. S. and Pitts, W. (1943) A logical calculus of the ideas imminent in nervous activity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5, 115-37.
43. McKelvey, B. (1999) Complexity theory in organization science: seizing the promise or becoming a fad? Emergence, 1(1), 5-32.
44. Moritz, M. A., Morais, M. E., Summerell, L. A., Carlson, J. M. and Doyle, J. (2005) Wildfires, complexity, and highly optimized tolerance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(50), 17912-17.
45. Moss, S. and Edmonds, B. (2005) Sociology and simulation: statistical and qualitative crossvalidation. American Journal of Sociology, 100(4), 1095-131.
46. Mulligan, M. and Wainwright, J. (2003) Modelling and model building. In J. Wainwright and M. Mulligan (eds), Environmental Modelling: Finding Simplicity in Complexity. Chin-chester: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 7-73.
47. Nowotny, H. (2005) The increase of complexity and its reduction: emergent interfaces between the natural sciences, humanities and social sciences. Theory Culture Society, 22(5), 15.
48. O'Neill, R. V. (1988) Hierarchy theory and global change. In T. Rosswall, R. G. Woodma-nsee and P. G. Risser (eds), Scales and Global Change. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 29-45.
49. Ortegon-Monroy, M. C. (2003) Chaos and complexity theory in management: an exploration from a critical systems thinking perspective. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 20(5), 387-403.
50. Ostrom, E. (2005) Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
51. O'Sullivan, D. (2004) Complexity science and human geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29(3), 282-95.
52. Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M., Hoffmann, M. J. and Deadman, P. J. (2003) Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land use and land cover change: a review. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93(2), 316-40.
53. Pecknold, S., Lovejoy, S., Schertzer, D. and Hooge, C. (1997) Multifractals and resolution dependence of remotely sensed data: GSI to GIS. In D. A. Quattrochi and M. F. Goodchild (eds), Scale in Remote Sensing and GIS. New York: Lewis Publishers, pp. 361-94.
54. Phelan, S. E. (1999) Note on the correspondence between complexity and systems theory. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 12(3), 237-38.
55. Phillips, J. D. (2003) Sources of nonlinearity and complexity in geomorphic systems. Progress in Physical Geography, 27(1), 1-23.
56. Phillips, J. D. (2004) Laws, contingencies, irreversible divergence, and physical geography. The Professional Geographer, 56(1), 37-43.
57. Phillips, J. D. (2006) Deterministic chaos and historical geomorphology: a review and look forward. Geomorphology, 76(1-2), 109.
58. Plotnick, R. E. and Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2001) A multiplicative multifractal model for originations and extinctions. Paleobiology, 27(1), 126-39.
59. Portugali, J. (2006) Complexity theory as a link between space and place. Environment and Planning A, 38(4), 647-64.
60. Prigogine, I. and Allen, P. M. (1982) The challenge of complexity. In W. C. Schieve and P. M. Allen (eds), Self-Organization and Dissipative Structures: Applications in the Physical and Social Sciences. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 3-39.
61. Reitsma, F. (2002) A response to 'simplifying complexity'. Geoforum, 34(1), 13-16.
62. Rind, D. (1999) Complexity and climate. Science, 284(5411), 105-7.
63. Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D. and Gannon-Rowley, T. (2002) Assessing 'neighborhood effects': social processes and new directions in research. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 443.
64. Sawyer, R. K. (2002) Nonreductive individualism, part I: supervenience and wild disjunction. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 32(4), 537-59.
65. Schneider, S. H. (2004) Abrupt non-linear climate change, irreversibility and surprise. Global Environmental Change Part A, 14(3), 245-58.
66. Schneider, S., Turner, B. L., II and Garriga-Morehouse, H. (1998) Imaginable surprise in global change science. Journal of Risk Research, 1(2), 165-85.
67. Sheppard, E. and McMaster, R. (2004) Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society and Method. Oxford: Blackwell.
68. Sivakumar, B. (2000) Chaos theory in hydrology: important issues and interpretations. Journal of Hydrology, 227(1-4), 1-20.
69. Slocum, R. (2004) Polar bears and energy efficient light bulbs: strategies to bring climate change home. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22(3), 413-43.
70. Stewart, P. (2001) Complexity theories, social theory, and the question of social complexity. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 31(3), 323-60.
71. Thrift, N. (1999) The place of complexity. Theory, Culture and Society, 16(3), 31-69.
72. Torrens, P. M. and O'Sullivan, D. (2001) Cellular automata and urban simulation: where do we go from here? Environment and Planning B, 28(2), 163-68.
73. Urry, J. (2003) Global Complexity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
74. von Bertalanffy, L. (1968) General Systems Theory: Foundation, Development, Applications. London: Allen Lane.
75. von Neumann, J. (1966) Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
76. Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R. and Kinzig, A. (2004) Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2). http//www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5/ (accessed 08-01-08).
77. White, R. and Engelen, G. (1993) Cellular automata and fractal urban form: a cellular modelling approach to the evolution of urban land-use patterns. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 25(8), 1175-99.
78. Whitehead, A. N. (1925) Science and the Modern World. New York: Macmillan.
79. Wiener, N. (1961) Cybernetics: Or, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
80. Wolfram, S. (2002) A New Kind of Science. Champaign, IL: Wolfram Media.
81. Zimmer, C. (1999) Life after chaos. Science, 284(5411), 83-86.