메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-13

Alternative stable states in Australia's Wet Tropics: A theoretical framework for the field data and a field-case for the theory

Author keywords

Bistability; Fire; Management; Positive feedbacks; Rainforest; Resilience; Sclerophyll

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; RAINFOREST; THEORETICAL STUDY; TROPICAL FOREST; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; VEGETATION TYPE; WOODLAND;

EID: 58349105751     PISSN: 09212973     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10980-008-9285-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (115)

References (74)
  • 2
    • 21644487733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal models and agroecological policy at the regional scale: An application to salinity problems in southeastern Australia
    • 10.1007/s10113-004-0081-z
    • JM Anderies 2005 Minimal models and agroecological policy at the regional scale: an application to salinity problems in southeastern Australia Reg Environ Change 5 1 17 10.1007/s10113-004-0081-z
    • (2005) Reg Environ Change , vol.5 , pp. 1-17
    • Anderies, J.M.1
  • 3
    • 0036460481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grazing management, resilience, and the dynamics of a fire driven rangeland system
    • 10.1007/s10021-001-0053-9
    • JM Anderies MA Janssen BH Walker 2002 Grazing management, resilience, and the dynamics of a fire driven rangeland system Ecosystems (N Y, Print) 5 23 44 10.1007/s10021-001-0053-9
    • (2002) Ecosystems (N Y, Print) , vol.5 , pp. 23-44
    • Anderies, J.M.1    Janssen, M.A.2    Walker, B.H.3
  • 4
    • 1242274449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of multistability, bifurcations, and hysteresis in a large class of biological positive-feedback systems
    • 10.1073/pnas.0308265100
    • D Angeli JE Ferrell Jr ED Sontag 2004 Detection of multistability, bifurcations, and hysteresis in a large class of biological positive-feedback systems Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 1822 1827 10.1073/pnas.0308265100
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 1822-1827
    • Angeli, D.1    Ferrell Jr., J.E.2    Sontag, E.D.3
  • 5
    • 0024257523 scopus 로고
    • The location and stability of rainforest boundaries in North-Eastern Queensland, Australia
    • 10.2307/2845440
    • J Ash 1988 The location and stability of rainforest boundaries in North-Eastern Queensland, Australia J Biogeogr 15 619 630 10.2307/2845440
    • (1988) J Biogeogr , vol.15 , pp. 619-630
    • Ash, J.1
  • 6
    • 33745135387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty years of lowland monsoon rainforest expansion in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia
    • 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.002
    • DS Banfai DMJS Bowman 2006 Forty years of lowland monsoon rainforest expansion in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia Biol Conserv 131 553 565 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.002
    • (2006) Biol Conserv , vol.131 , pp. 553-565
    • Banfai, D.S.1    Dmjs, B.2
  • 7
    • 33846187135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drivers of rain-forest boundary dynamics in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia: A field assessment
    • 10.1017/S0266467406003701
    • DS Banfai DMJS Bowman 2007 Drivers of rain-forest boundary dynamics in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia: a field assessment J Trop Ecol 23 73 86 10.1017/S0266467406003701
    • (2007) J Trop Ecol , vol.23 , pp. 73-86
    • Banfai, D.S.1    Dmjs, B.2
  • 9
    • 0028975639 scopus 로고
    • Kill thy neighbour: An individualistic argument for the evolution of flammability
    • 10.2307/3545728
    • WJ Bond JJ Midgley 1995 Kill thy neighbour: an individualistic argument for the evolution of flammability Oikos 73 79 85 10.2307/3545728
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.73 , pp. 79-85
    • Bond, W.J.1    Midgley, J.J.2
  • 10
    • 34547227218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rainfall interannual variability on the stability and resilience of dryland plant ecosystems
    • 10.1029/2006WR005314
    • F Borgogno P D'Odorico F Laio L Ridolfi 2007 Effect of rainfall interannual variability on the stability and resilience of dryland plant ecosystems Water Resour Res 43 1 9 10.1029/2006WR005314
    • (2007) Water Resour Res , vol.43 , pp. 1-9
    • Borgogno, F.1    D'Odorico, P.2    Laio, F.3    Ridolfi, L.4
  • 12
    • 0035682953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the elusive definition of 'Australian rainforest': Response to Lynch and Neldner (2000)
    • 10.1071/BT00092
    • DMJS Bowman 2001 On the elusive definition of 'Australian rainforest': response to Lynch and Neldner (2000) Aust J Bot 49 785 787 10.1071/BT00092
    • (2001) Aust J Bot , vol.49 , pp. 785-787
    • Dmjs, B.1
  • 13
    • 0027498825 scopus 로고
    • Factors that control monsoon-rainforest seedling establishment and growth in north Australian eucalyptus savanna
    • 10.2307/2261499
    • DMJS Bowman WJ Panton 1993 Factors that control monsoon-rainforest seedling establishment and growth in north Australian eucalyptus savanna J Ecol 81 297 304 10.2307/2261499
    • (1993) J Ecol , vol.81 , pp. 297-304
    • Dmjs, B.1    Panton, W.J.2
  • 14
    • 33644933342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising variance: A leading indicator of ecological transition
    • 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00877.x
    • SR Carpenter WA Brock 2006 Rising variance: a leading indicator of ecological transition Ecol Lett 9 311 318 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00877.x
    • (2006) Ecol Lett , vol.9 , pp. 311-318
    • Carpenter, S.R.1    Brock, W.A.2
  • 15
    • 0033178412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of eutrophication for lakes subject to potentially irreversible change
    • 10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0751:MOEFLS]2.0.CO;2
    • SR Carpenter D Ludwig WA Brock 1999 Management of eutrophication for lakes subject to potentially irreversible change Ecol Appl 9 751 771 10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0751:MOEFLS]2.0.CO;2
    • (1999) Ecol Appl , vol.9 , pp. 751-771
    • Carpenter, S.R.1    Ludwig, D.2    Brock, W.A.3
  • 16
    • 0025682789 scopus 로고
    • Elephants and fire as causes of multiple stable states in the Serengeti-Mara woodlands
    • 10.2307/5037
    • HT Dublin ARE Sinclair J McGlade 1990 Elephants and fire as causes of multiple stable states in the Serengeti-Mara woodlands J Anim Ecol 59 1147 1164 10.2307/5037
    • (1990) J Anim Ecol , vol.59 , pp. 1147-1164
    • Dublin, H.T.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2    McGlade, J.3
  • 17
    • 0029510373 scopus 로고
    • Floristics and environmental relations of inland dry rainforest in North Queensland, Australia
    • 10.2307/2845834
    • RJ Fensham 1995 Floristics and environmental relations of inland dry rainforest in North Queensland, Australia J Biogeogr 22 1047 1063 10.2307/2845834
    • (1995) J Biogeogr , vol.22 , pp. 1047-1063
    • Fensham, R.J.1
  • 18
    • 0141649382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire and drought in a tropical eucalypt savanna colonized by rain forest
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00934.x
    • RJ Fensham RJ Fairfax DW Butler DMJS Bowman 2003 Effects of fire and drought in a tropical eucalypt savanna colonized by rain forest J Biogeogr 30 1405 1414 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00934.x
    • (2003) J Biogeogr , vol.30 , pp. 1405-1414
    • Fensham, R.J.1    Fairfax, R.J.2    Butler, D.W.3    Dmjs, B.4
  • 20
    • 14644399870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of hierarchical patch dynamics in an East African savanna?
    • 10.1007/s10980-004-0248-5
    • L Gillson 2004 Evidence of hierarchical patch dynamics in an East African savanna? Landscape Ecol 19 883 894 10.1007/s10980-004-0248-5
    • (2004) Landscape Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 883-894
    • Gillson, L.1
  • 21
    • 33645312690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of forest-savanna mosaics in north-eastern Ivory Coast from 1954 to 2002
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01312.x
    • D Goetze B Hörsch S Porembski 2006 Dynamics of forest-savanna mosaics in north-eastern Ivory Coast from 1954 to 2002 J Biogeogr 33 653 664 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01312.x
    • (2006) J Biogeogr , vol.33 , pp. 653-664
    • Goetze, D.1    Hörsch, B.2    Porembski, S.3
  • 22
    • 31444443231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat history improves prediction of biodiversity in rainforest fauna
    • 10.1073/pnas.0505754103
    • CH Graham C Moritz SE Williams 2006 Habitat history improves prediction of biodiversity in rainforest fauna Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 632 636 10.1073/pnas.0505754103
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 632-636
    • Graham, C.H.1    Moritz, C.2    Williams, S.E.3
  • 23
    • 84986840361 scopus 로고
    • Floristic composition and structure of vegetation under isolated trees in neotropical pastures
    • 10.2307/3235833
    • S Guevara J Meave P Moreno-Casasola J Laborde 1992 Floristic composition and structure of vegetation under isolated trees in neotropical pastures J Veg Sci 3 655 664 10.2307/3235833
    • (1992) J Veg Sci , vol.3 , pp. 655-664
    • Guevara, S.1    Meave, J.2    Moreno-Casasola, P.3    Laborde, J.4
  • 24
    • 0034982649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floral biology of dry rainforest in north Queensland and a comparison with adjacent savanna woodland
    • 10.1071/BT00017
    • DJ Hansman 2001 Floral biology of dry rainforest in north Queensland and a comparison with adjacent savanna woodland Aust J Bot 49 137 153 10.1071/BT00017
    • (2001) Aust J Bot , vol.49 , pp. 137-153
    • Hansman, D.J.1
  • 25
    • 0000727502 scopus 로고
    • Recent contraction of wet sclerophyll forest in the wet tropics of Queensland due to invasion by rainforest
    • GN Harrington KD Sanderson 1994 Recent contraction of wet sclerophyll forest in the wet tropics of Queensland due to invasion by rainforest Pac Conserv Biol 1 319 327
    • (1994) Pac Conserv Biol , vol.1 , pp. 319-327
    • Harrington, G.N.1    Sanderson, K.D.2
  • 27
    • 46749121025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wetlands as an alternative stable state in desert streams
    • 10.1890/07-0915.1
    • JB Heffernan 2008 Wetlands as an alternative stable state in desert streams Ecology 89 1261 1271 10.1890/07-0915.1
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1261-1271
    • Heffernan, J.B.1
  • 28
    • 0000692418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of tropical forests to climate change in the humid tropics of north Queensland
    • 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01137.x
    • DW Hilbert B Ostendorf MS Hopkins 2001 Sensitivity of tropical forests to climate change in the humid tropics of north Queensland Austral Ecol 26 590 603 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01137.x
    • (2001) Austral Ecol , vol.26 , pp. 590-603
    • Hilbert, D.W.1    Ostendorf, B.2    Hopkins, M.S.3
  • 29
    • 34447100483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glacial and interglacial refugia within a long-term rainforest refugium: The Wet Tropics Bioregion of NE Queensland, Australia
    • 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.020
    • DW Hilbert A Graham MS Hopkins 2007 Glacial and interglacial refugia within a long-term rainforest refugium: the Wet Tropics Bioregion of NE Queensland, Australia Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 251 104 118 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.020
    • (2007) Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , vol.251 , pp. 104-118
    • Hilbert, D.W.1    Graham, A.2    Hopkins, M.S.3
  • 32
    • 0027331355 scopus 로고
    • Charcoal evidence of the spatial extent of the eucalyptus woodland expansions and rainforest contractions in North Queensland during the Late Pleistocene
    • 10.2307/2845585
    • MS Hopkins J Ash AW Graham J Head RK Hewett 1993 Charcoal evidence of the spatial extent of the eucalyptus woodland expansions and rainforest contractions in North Queensland during the Late Pleistocene J Biogeogr 20 357 372 10.2307/2845585
    • (1993) J Biogeogr , vol.20 , pp. 357-372
    • Hopkins, M.S.1    Ash, J.2    Graham, A.W.3    Head, J.4    Hewett, R.K.5
  • 33
    • 0030302212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a Holocene and continuing recent expansion of lowland rain forest in humid, tropical North Queensland
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.tb00035.x
    • MS Hopkins J Head JE Ash RK Hewett AW Graham 1996 Evidence of a Holocene and continuing recent expansion of lowland rain forest in humid, tropical North Queensland J Biogeogr 23 737 745 10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.tb00035.x
    • (1996) J Biogeogr , vol.23 , pp. 737-745
    • Hopkins, M.S.1    Head, J.2    Ash, J.E.3    Hewett, R.K.4    Graham, A.W.5
  • 35
    • 0028560279 scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene vegetation of the humid tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia
    • 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90188-0
    • AP Kershaw 1994 Pleistocene vegetation of the humid tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 109 399 412 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90188-0
    • (1994) Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , vol.109 , pp. 399-412
    • Kershaw, A.P.1
  • 36
    • 0041313953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stability of boundary regions between kelp beds and deforested areas
    • 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0174:TSOBRB]2.0.CO;2
    • B Konar JA Estes 2003 The stability of boundary regions between kelp beds and deforested areas Ecology 84 174 185 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0174:TSOBRB] 2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 174-185
    • Konar, B.1    Estes, J.A.2
  • 37
    • 0035679797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon
    • 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.01093.x
    • WF Laurance GB Williamson 2001 Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon Conserv Biol 15 1529 1535 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.01093.x
    • (2001) Conserv Biol , vol.15 , pp. 1529-1535
    • Laurance, W.F.1    Williamson, G.B.2
  • 38
    • 0034494487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple scales and the maintenance of biodiversity
    • 10.1007/s100210000044
    • SA Levin 2000 Multiple scales and the maintenance of biodiversity Ecosystems (N Y, Print) 3 498 506 10.1007/s100210000044
    • (2000) Ecosystems (N Y, Print) , vol.3 , pp. 498-506
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 39
    • 0033771313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems of placing boundaries on ecological continua - Options for a workable national rainforest definition in Australia
    • 10.1071/BT97022
    • AJJ Lynch VJ Neldner 2000 Problems of placing boundaries on ecological continua - options for a workable national rainforest definition in Australia Aust J Bot 48 511 530 10.1071/BT97022
    • (2000) Aust J Bot , vol.48 , pp. 511-530
    • Lynch, A.J.J.1    Neldner, V.J.2
  • 40
    • 31344433133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resprouting of saplings following a tropical rainforest fire in north-east Queensland, Australia
    • 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01513.x
    • MJ Marrinan W Edwards J Landsberg 2005 Resprouting of saplings following a tropical rainforest fire in north-east Queensland, Australia Austral Ecol 30 817 826 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01513.x
    • (2005) Austral Ecol , vol.30 , pp. 817-826
    • Marrinan, M.J.1    Edwards, W.2    Landsberg, J.3
  • 41
    • 2142699681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coral-algal phase shifts on coral reefs: Ecological and environmental aspects
    • 10.1016/j.pocean.2004.02.014
    • JW McManus JF Polsenberg 2004 Coral-algal phase shifts on coral reefs: ecological and environmental aspects Prog Oceanogr 60 263 279 10.1016/j.pocean.2004.02.014
    • (2004) Prog Oceanogr , vol.60 , pp. 263-279
    • McManus, J.W.1    Polsenberg, J.F.2
  • 42
    • 34147167650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowland rainforest response to hydrological changes during the last 1500 years in Gabon, Western Equatorial Africa
    • 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.01.006
    • A Ngomanda D Jolly I Bentaleb A Chepstow-Lusty Mv Makaya J Maley M Fontugne R Oslisly N Rabenkogo 2007 Lowland rainforest response to hydrological changes during the last 1500 years in Gabon, Western Equatorial Africa Quat Res 67 411 425 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.01.006
    • (2007) Quat Res , vol.67 , pp. 411-425
    • Ngomanda, A.1    Jolly, D.2    Bentaleb, I.3    Chepstow-Lusty, A.4    Mv, M.5    Maley, J.6    Fontugne, M.7    Oslisly, R.8    Rabenkogo, N.9
  • 43
    • 0000653263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises
    • 10.1007/s100219900049
    • RT Paine MJ Tegner EA Johnson 1998 Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises Ecosystems (N Y, Print) 1 535 545 10.1007/s100219900049
    • (1998) Ecosystems (N Y, Print) , vol.1 , pp. 535-545
    • Paine, R.T.1    Tegner, M.J.2    Johnson, E.A.3
  • 45
    • 0001874689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale
    • 10.1007/s100219900002
    • G Peterson CR Allen CS Holling 1998 Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale Ecosystems (N Y, Print) 1 6 18 10.1007/s100219900002
    • (1998) Ecosystems (N Y, Print) , vol.1 , pp. 6-18
    • Peterson, G.1    Allen, C.R.2    Holling, C.S.3
  • 46
    • 0032982398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of scale in testing the origins of alternative community states
    • PS Petraitis RE Latham 1999 The importance of scale in testing the origins of alternative community states Ecology 80 429 442
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 429-442
    • Petraitis, P.S.1    Latham, R.E.2
  • 47
    • 0033775521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributional ecology of Gymnostoma australianum (Casuarinaceae), a putative palaeoendemic of Australian wet tropic forests
    • 10.1071/BT99006
    • JN Prider DC Christophel 2000 Distributional ecology of Gymnostoma australianum (Casuarinaceae), a putative palaeoendemic of Australian wet tropic forests Aust J Bot 48 427 434 10.1071/BT99006
    • (2000) Aust J Bot , vol.48 , pp. 427-434
    • Prider, J.N.1    Christophel, D.C.2
  • 48
    • 0028161771 scopus 로고
    • Ecotone structure as an indicator of changing forest-savanna boundaries (Linganamakki Region, Southern India)
    • 10.2307/2846033
    • J-P Puyravaud J-P Pascal C Dufour 1994 Ecotone structure as an indicator of changing forest-savanna boundaries (Linganamakki Region, Southern India) J Biogeogr 21 581 593 10.2307/2846033
    • (1994) J Biogeogr , vol.21 , pp. 581-593
    • Puyravaud, J.-P.1    Pascal, J.-P.2    Dufour, C.3
  • 49
    • 0030618690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternate stable states and threshold effects in semi-arid grazing systems
    • 10.2307/3546091
    • M Rietkerk J van de Koppel 1997 Alternate stable states and threshold effects in semi-arid grazing systems Oikos 79 69 76 10.2307/3546091
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.79 , pp. 69-76
    • Rietkerk, M.1    Van De Koppel, J.2
  • 50
    • 0035016466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of shrub encroachment in an African savanna: Relative influences of fire, herbivory, rainfall and density dependence
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00567.x
    • KG Roques TG O'Connor AR Watkinson 2001 Dynamics of shrub encroachment in an African savanna: relative influences of fire, herbivory, rainfall and density dependence J Appl Ecol 38 268 280 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00567.x
    • (2001) J Appl Ecol , vol.38 , pp. 268-280
    • Roques, K.G.1    O'Connor, T.G.2    Watkinson, A.R.3
  • 51
    • 3543089312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rain forest invasion of eucalypt-dominated woodland savanna, Iron Range, north-eastern Australia: II. Rates of landscape change
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01070.x
    • J Russell-Smith PJ Stanton AC Edwards PJ Whitehead 2004 Rain forest invasion of eucalypt-dominated woodland savanna, Iron Range, north-eastern Australia: II. Rates of landscape change J Biogeogr 31 1305 1316 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01070.x
    • (2004) J Biogeogr , vol.31 , pp. 1305-1316
    • Russell-Smith, J.1    Stanton, P.J.2    Edwards, A.C.3    Whitehead, P.J.4
  • 52
    • 3543078796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rain forest invasion of eucalypt-dominated woodland savanna, Iron Range, north-eastern Australia: I. Successional processes
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01069.x
    • J Russell-Smith PJ Stanton PJ Whitehead A Edwards 2004 Rain forest invasion of eucalypt-dominated woodland savanna, Iron Range, north-eastern Australia: I. Successional processes J Biogeogr 31 1293 1303 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01069.x
    • (2004) J Biogeogr , vol.31 , pp. 1293-1303
    • Russell-Smith, J.1    Stanton, P.J.2    Whitehead, P.J.3    Edwards, A.4
  • 53
    • 0242629042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: Linking theory to observation
    • 10.1016/j.tree.2003.09.002
    • M Scheffer SR Carpenter 2003 Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: linking theory to observation Trends Ecol Evol 18 648 656 10.1016/j.tree.2003. 09.002
    • (2003) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.18 , pp. 648-656
    • Scheffer, M.1    Carpenter, S.R.2
  • 56
    • 27744584905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy between small- and large-scale feedbacks of vegetation on the water cycle
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00962.x
    • M Scheffer M Holmgren V Brovkin M Claussen 2005 Synergy between small- and large-scale feedbacks of vegetation on the water cycle Glob Change Biol 11 1003 1012 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00962.x
    • (2005) Glob Change Biol , vol.11 , pp. 1003-1012
    • Scheffer, M.1    Holmgren, M.2    Brovkin, V.3    Claussen, M.4
  • 57
    • 0033593286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainforest refugia and evolution in Australia's Wet Tropics
    • C Schneider C Moritz 1999 Rainforest refugia and evolution in Australia's Wet Tropics Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 266 191
    • (1999) Proc R Soc B Biol Sci , vol.266 , pp. 191
    • Schneider, C.1    Moritz, C.2
  • 58
    • 0031958752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative phylogeography and the history of endemic vertebrates in the Wet Tropics rainforests of Australia
    • 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00334.x
    • CJ Schneider M Cunningham C Moritz 1998 Comparative phylogeography and the history of endemic vertebrates in the Wet Tropics rainforests of Australia Mol Ecol 7 487 498 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00334.x
    • (1998) Mol Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 487-498
    • Schneider, C.J.1    Cunningham, M.2    Moritz, C.3
  • 59
    • 20444390680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct experimental evidence for alternative stable states: A review
    • 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13962.x
    • A Schröder L Persson AM De Roos 2005 Direct experimental evidence for alternative stable states: a review Oikos 110 3 19 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005. 13962.x
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.110 , pp. 3-19
    • Schröder, A.1    Persson, L.2    De Roos, A.M.3
  • 60
    • 0030879015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity
    • 10.1126/science.276.5320.1855
    • TB Smith RK Wayne DJ Girman MW Bruford 1997 A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity Science 276 1855 1857 10.1126/science.276. 5320.1855
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1855-1857
    • Smith, T.B.1    Wayne, R.K.2    Girman, D.J.3    Bruford, M.W.4
  • 61
    • 0034961921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savanna-Forest hysteresis in the tropics
    • 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00243.x
    • LDSL Sternberg 2001 Savanna-Forest hysteresis in the tropics Glob Ecol Biogeogr 10 369 378 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00243.x
    • (2001) Glob Ecol Biogeogr , vol.10 , pp. 369-378
    • Ldsl, S.1
  • 62
    • 0347062668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology
    • 10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.005
    • KN Suding KL Gross GR Houseman 2004 Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology Trends Ecol Evol 19 46 53 10.1016/j.tree.2003. 10.005
    • (2004) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.19 , pp. 46-53
    • Suding, K.N.1    Gross, K.L.2    Houseman, G.R.3
  • 63
    • 84986870541 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of dry forest in West Africa and the influence of fire
    • 10.2307/3235762
    • MD Swaine 1992 Characteristics of dry forest in West Africa and the influence of fire J Veg Sci 3 365 374 10.2307/3235762
    • (1992) J Veg Sci , vol.3 , pp. 365-374
    • Swaine, M.D.1
  • 64
    • 17444427150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental gradients across four rainforest-open forest boundaries in northeastern Queensland
    • 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1996.tb00606.x
    • SM Turton GJ Sexton 1996 Environmental gradients across four rainforest-open forest boundaries in northeastern Queensland Austral Ecol 21 245 254 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1996.tb00606.x
    • (1996) Austral Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 245-254
    • Turton, S.M.1    Sexton, G.J.2
  • 65
    • 0024920582 scopus 로고
    • Structure and composition of the abrupt rain-forest boundary in the Herberton Highland, North Queensland
    • 10.1071/BT9890413
    • GL Unwin 1989 Structure and composition of the abrupt rain-forest boundary in the Herberton Highland, North Queensland Aust J Bot 37 413 428 10.1071/BT9890413
    • (1989) Aust J Bot , vol.37 , pp. 413-428
    • Unwin, G.L.1
  • 66
    • 0022242833 scopus 로고
    • Fire and the forest ecotone in the Herberton highland, north Queensland
    • GL Unwin GC Stocker KD Sanderson 1985 Fire and the forest ecotone in the Herberton highland, north Queensland Proc Ecol Soc Aust 13 215 224
    • (1985) Proc Ecol Soc Aust , vol.13 , pp. 215-224
    • Unwin, G.L.1    Stocker, G.C.2    Sanderson, K.D.3
  • 68
    • 4143105661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large species shifts triggered by small forces
    • 10.1086/422204
    • EH van Nes M Scheffer 2004 Large species shifts triggered by small forces Am Nat 164 255 266 10.1086/422204
    • (2004) Am Nat , vol.164 , pp. 255-266
    • Van Nes, E.H.1    Scheffer, M.2
  • 70
    • 84970582781 scopus 로고
    • Cyclones as an ecological factor in tropical lowland rain-forest, North Queensland
    • 10.1071/BT9580220
    • LJ Webb 1958 Cyclones as an ecological factor in tropical lowland rain-forest, North Queensland Aust J Bot 6 220 228 10.1071/BT9580220
    • (1958) Aust J Bot , vol.6 , pp. 220-228
    • Webb, L.J.1
  • 71
    • 0024944976 scopus 로고
    • Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium
    • 10.2307/3899492
    • M Westoby B Walker I Noy-Meir 1989 Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium J Range Manage 42 266 274 10.2307/3899492
    • (1989) J Range Manage , vol.42 , pp. 266-274
    • Westoby, M.1    Walker, B.2    Noy-Meir, I.3
  • 72
    • 0033730434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire-stimulated rainforest seedling recruitment and vegetative regeneration in a densely grassed wet sclerophyll forest of north-eastern Australia
    • 10.1071/BT99020
    • PR Williams 2000 Fire-stimulated rainforest seedling recruitment and vegetative regeneration in a densely grassed wet sclerophyll forest of north-eastern Australia Aust J Bot 48 651 658 10.1071/BT99020
    • (2000) Aust J Bot , vol.48 , pp. 651-658
    • Williams, P.R.1
  • 74
    • 0031469219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical rainforest contractions, localized extinctions and patterns of vertebrate endemism in the rainforests of Australia's Wet Tropics
    • 10.1098/rspb.1997.0101
    • SE Williams RG Pearson 1997 Historical rainforest contractions, localized extinctions and patterns of vertebrate endemism in the rainforests of Australia's Wet Tropics Proc Biol Sci 264 709 716 10.1098/rspb.1997.0101
    • (1997) Proc Biol Sci , vol.264 , pp. 709-716
    • Williams, S.E.1    Pearson, R.G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.