Urea transporters and renal function: Lessons from knockout mice

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 513-518

  Fenton, Robert A ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Countercurrent multiplication; Knockout mouse; Urinary concentrating mechanism

Indexed keywords

CARRIER PROTEINS AND BINDING PROTEINS; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UREA; UREA TRANSPORTER A1 PROTEIN; UREA TRANSPORTER A3 PROTEIN; CARRIER PROTEIN; UREA TRANSPORTER;

KIDNEY COLLECTING TUBULE; KIDNEY CONCENTRATING CAPACITY; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY MEDULLA; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TRANSPORT KINETICS; URINE; ANIMAL; KIDNEY; METABOLISM; MOUSE; MOUSE MUTANT; PHYSIOLOGY; TRANSPORT AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; KIDNEY; KIDNEY CONCENTRATING ABILITY; KIDNEY MEDULLA; KIDNEY TUBULES, COLLECTING; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UREA;

EID: 58149350306     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283050969     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Gamble JL, McKhann CF, Butler AM, et al. An economy of water in renal function referable to urea. Am J Physiol 1934; 109:139-154.
2. Shannon JA. Glomerular filtration and urea excretion in relation to urine flow in the dog. Am J Physiol 1936; 117:206-225.
3. Shannon JA. Urea excretion in the normal dog during forced diuresis. Am J Physiol 1938; 122:782-787.
4. Grantham JJ, Burg MB. Effect of vasopressin and cyclic AMP on permeability of isolated collecting tubules. Am J Physiol 1966; 211:255-259.
5. Sands JM, Knepper MA. Urea permeability of mammalian inner medullary collecting duct system and papillary surface epithelium. J Clin Invest 1987; 79:138-147.
6. Sands JM, Nonoguchi H, Knepper MA. Vasopressin effects on urea and H2O transport in inner medullary collecting duct subsegments. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 1987; 253 (5 Pt 2):F823-F832.
7. Chou CL, Knepper MA. Inhibition of urea transport in inner medullary collecting duct by phloretin and urea analogues. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 1989; 257 (3 Pt 2):F359-F365.
8. Chou CL, Sands JM, Nonoguchi H, et al. Concentration dependence of urea and thiourea transport in rat inner medullary collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 1990; 258 (3 Pt 2):F486-F494.
9. Chou CL, Sands JM, Nonoguchi H, et al. Urea gradient-associated fluid absorption with sigma urea 1 in rat terminal collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 1990; 258 (5 Pt 2):F1173-F1180.
10. Knepper MA, Sands JM, Chou CL. Independence of urea and water transport in rat inner medullary collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 1989; 256 (4 Pt 2):F610-F621.
11. Nielsen S, Knepper MA. Vasopressin activates collecting duct urea transporters and water channels by distinct physical processes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 1993; 265 (2 Pt 2):F204-F213.
12. You G, Smith CP, Kanai Y, et al. Cloning and characterization of the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter. Nature 1993; 365:844-847.
13. Fenton RA, Cottingham CA, Stewart GS, et al. Structure and characterization of the mouse UT-A gene (Slc14a2). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 282:F630-F638.
14. Lucien N, Sidoux-Walter F, Olives B, et al. Characterization of the gene encoding the human Kidd blood group/urea transporter protein. Evidence for splice site mutations in Jknull individuals. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:12973- 12980.
15. Nakayama Y, Naruse M, Karakashian A, et al. Cloning of the rat Slc14a2 gene and genomic organization of the UT-A urea transporter. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1518:19-26.
16. Fenton RA, Howorth A, Cooper GJ, et al. Molecular characterization of a novel UT-A urea transporter isoform (UT- A5) in testis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000; 279:C1425-C1431.
17. Fenton RA, Stewart GS, Carpenter B, et al. Characterization of mouse urea transporters UT-A1 and UT-A2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 283:F817-F825.
18. Karakashian A, Timmer RT, Klein JD, et al. Cloning and characterization of two new isoforms of the rat kidney urea transporter: UT-A3 and UT-A4. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10:230-237.
19. Shayakul C, Steel A, Hediger MA. Molecular cloning and characterization of the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter of rat kidney collecting ducts. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:2580-2587.
20. Smith CP, Lee WS, Martial S, et al. Cloning and regulation of expression of the rat kidney urea transporter (rUT2). J Clin Invest 1995; 96:1556-1563.
21. Smith CP, Potter EA, Fenton RA, et al. Characterization of a human colonic cDNA encoding a structurally novel urea transporter, hUT-A6. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 287:C1087-C1093.
22. Olives B, Neau P, Bailly P, et al. Cloning and functional expression of a urea transporter from human bone marrow cells. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:31649-31652.
23. Nielsen S, Terris J, Smith CP, et al. Cellular and subcellular localization of the vasopressin- regulated urea transporter in rat kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:5495-5500.
24. Frohlich O, Klein JD, Smith PM, et al. Regulation of UT-A1-mediated trans-epithelial urea flux in MDCK cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291: C600-C606.
25. Fenton RA, Knepper MA. Urea and renal function in the 21st century: insights from knockout mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:679-688.
26. Wade JB, Lee AJ, Liu J, et al. UT-A2: a 55-kDa urea transporter in thin descending limb whose abundance is regulated by vasopressin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2000; 278:F52-F62.
27. Potter EA, Stewert G, Smith CP, et al. Urea flux across MDCK-mUT-A2 monolayers is acutely sensitive to AVP, cAMP and [Ca2+]i. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F1 22-F128.
28. Stewart GS, Fenton RA, Wang W, et al. The basolateral expression of mUT-A3 in the mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F979-F987.
29. Blount MA, Klein JD, Martin CF, et al. Forskolin stimulates phosphorylation and membrane accumulation of UT-A3. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1308-F131 3.
30. Tsukaguchi H, Shayakul C, Berger UV, et al. Cloning and characterization of the urea transporter UT3: localization in rat kidney and testis. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:1506-1515.
31. Xu Y, Olives B, Bailly P, et al. Endothelial cells of the kidney vasa recta express the urea transporter HUT11. Kidney Int 1997; 51:138-146.
32. Promeneur D, Rousselet G, Bankir L, et al. Evidence for distinct vascular and tubular urea transporters in the rat kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7:852-860.
33. Trinh-Trang-Tan MM, Lasbennes F, Gane P, et al. UT-B1 proteins in rat: tissue distribution and regulation by antidiuretic hormone in kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 283:F912-F922.
34. Fenton RA, Chou CL, Stewart GS, et al. Urinary concentrating defect in mice with selective deletion of phloretin-sensitive urea transporters in the renal collecting duct. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101:7469-7474.
35. Berliner RW,LevinskyNG, Davidson DG,et al.. Dilution and concentration of the urine and the action of antidiuretic hormone. Am J Med 1958; 24:730-744.
36. Berliner RW, Bennett CM. Concentration of urine in the mammalian kidney. Am J Med 1967; 42:777-789.
37. Jamison RL, Bennett CM, Berliner RW. Countercurrent multiplication by the thin loops of Henle. Am J Physiol 1967; 212:357-366.
38. Fenton RA, Flynn A, Shodeinde A, et al. Renal phenotype of UT-A urea transporter knockout mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:1583-1592.
39. Kuhn W, Ramel A. Activer Salztransport als moeglicher (und wahrscheinli-cher) Einzeleffekt bei der Harnkonzentrierung in der Niere [in German]. Helv Chim Acta 1959; 42:628-660.
40. Imai M. The connecting tubule: a functional subdivision of the rabbit distal nephron segments. Kidney Int 1979; 15:346-356.
41. Kondo Y, Abe K, Igarashi Y, et al. Direct evidence for the absence of active Na+ reabsorption in hamster ascending thin limb of Henle's loop. J Clin Invest 1993; 91:5-11.
42. Knepper MA, Chou CL, Layton HE. How is urine concentrated by the renal inner medulla? Contrib Nephrol 1993; 102:144-160.
43. Knepper MA, Saidel GM, Hascall VC, et al. Concentration of solutes in the renal inner medulla: interstitial hyaluronan as a mechano-osmotic transducer. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 284:F433-F446.
44. Thomas SR. Inner medullary lactate production and accumulation: a vasa recta model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2000; 279:F468-F481.
45. Kokko JP. Sodium chloride and water transport in the descending limb of Henle. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:1838-1846.
46. Stephenson JL Concentration of urine in a central core model of the renal counterflow system. Kidney Int 1972; 2:85-94.
47. Fenton RA, Chou CL, Sowersby H, et al. Gamble's 'Economy of Water' revisited: studies in urea transporter knockout mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F148-F154.
48. Lassiter WE, Gottschalk CW, Mylle M. Micropuncture study of net transtub-ular movement of water and urea in nondiuretic mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol 1961; 200:1139-1147.
49. Knepper MA, Roch-Ramel F. Pathways of urea transport in the mammalian kidney. Kidney Int 1987; 31:629-633.
50. Zhai XY, Thomsen JS, Birn H, et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the mouse nephron. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:77-88.
51. Uchida S, Sohara E, Rai T, et al. Impaired urea accumulation in the inner medulla of mice lacking the urea transporter UT-A2. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:7357-7363.
52. Yang B, Bankir L, Gillespie A, et al. Urea-selective concentrating defect in transgenic mice lacking urea transporter UT-B. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:10633-10637.
53. Bankir L, Chen K, Yang B. Lack of UT-B in vasa recta and red blood cells prevents urea-induced improvement of urinary concentrating ability. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F1 44-F151.
54. Yang B, Bankir L. Urea and urine concentrating ability: new insights from studies in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 288:F881 -F896.