Gamble's "economy of water" revisited: Studies in urea transporter knockout mice

American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology

Volumn 291, Issue 1, 2006, Pages

  Fenton, Robert A ^a,c   Chou, Chung Lin ^a   Sowersby, Holly ^a   Smith, Craig P ^b   Knepper, Mark A ^a  

^a Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism NHBLI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Passive model; Urinary concentrating mechanism; Vasopressin

Indexed keywords

MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PROTEIN UREA TRANSPORTER A1; PROTEIN UREA TRANSPORTER A3; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UREA;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; DIURESIS; KIDNEY COLLECTING TUBULE; KIDNEY EPITHELIUM; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY MEDULLA; KIDNEY TUBULE ABSORPTION; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OSMOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; URINARY EXCRETION; URINE;

EID: 33745385772     PISSN: 1931857X     EISSN: 15221466     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00348.2005     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Berliner RW, Levinsky NG, Davidson DG, and Eden M. Dilution and concentration of the urine and the action of antidiuretic hormone. Am J Med 24: 730-744, 1958.
2. Chou CL, Sands JM, Nonoguchi H, and Knepper MA. Concentration dependence of urea and thiourea transport in rat inner medullary collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 258: F486-F494, 1990.
3. Chou CL, Sands JM, Nonoguchi H, and Knepper MA. Urea gradient-associated fluid absorption with σ urea = 1 in rat terminal collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 258: F1173-F1180, 1990.
4. Crawford JD, Doyle AP, and Probst JH. Service of urea in renal water conservation. Am J Physiol 196: 545-548, 1959.
5. Epstein FH, Kleeman CR, Pursel S, and Hendrikx A. The effect of feeding protein and urea on the renal concentrating process. J Clin Invest 36: 635-641, 1957.
6. Fenton RA, Chou CL, Stewart GS, Smith CP, and Knepper MA. Urinary concentrating defect in mice with selective deletion of phloretin-sensitive urea transporters in the renal collecting duct. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 7469-7474, 2004.
7. Fenton RA, Flynn A, Shodeinde A, Smith CP, Schnermann J, and Knepper MA. Renal phenotype of UT-A urea transporter knockout mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 1583-1592, 2005.
8. Gamble JL, McKhann CF, Butler AM, and Tuthill E. An economy of water in renal function referable to urea. Am J Physiol 109: 139-154, 1934.
9. Gamble JL, Putnam MC, and McKhann CF. The optimal water requirement in renal function. the optimal water requirement in renal function. I. Measurements of water drinking by rats according to increments of urea and of several salts in the food. Am J Physiol 88: 571-580, 1929.
10. Knepper MA, Chou CL, and Layton HE. How is urine concentrated by the renal inner medulla? Contrib Nephrol 102: 144-160, 1993.
11. Knepper MA, Saidel GM, Hascall VC, and Dwyer T. Concentration of solutes in the renal inner medulla: interstitial hyaluronan as a mechanoosmotic transducer. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 284: F433-F446, 2003.
12. Kokko JP and Rector FC. Countercurrent multiplication system without active transport in inner medulla. Kidney Int 2: 214-223, 1972.
13. Layton HE, Knepper MA, and Chou CL. Permeability criteria for effective function of passive countercurrent multiplier. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 270: F9-F20, 1996.
14. Sands JM. Mammalian urea transporters. Annu Rev Physiol 65: 543-566, 2003.
15. Sands JM. Renal urea transporters. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 13: 525-532, 2004.
16. Stephenson JL. Concentration of urine in a central core model of the renal counterflow system. Kidney Int 2: 85-94, 1972.
17. Verney EB. The antidiuretic hormone and the factors which determine its release. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 135: 26-106, 1947.