The effect of modulating ocular depth of focus upon accommodation microfluctuations in myopic and emmetropic subjects

Vision Research

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 211-218

  Day, Mhairi ^a   Seidel, Dirk ^a   Gray, Lyle S ^a   Strang, Niall C ^a  

^a GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Accommodation; Adult; Depth of focus; Human; Luminance; Microfluctuations; Myopia; Ocular; Pinhole

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; HUMAN; LUMINANCE; MYOPIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTION ERROR; RETINA IMAGE; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DEPTH PERCEPTION; HUMANS; MYOPIA; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PUPIL; REFRACTION, OCULAR; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 58049202761     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.10.010     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Abbott M.L., Schmid K.L., and Strang N.C. Differences in the accommodation stimulus response curves of adult myopes and emmetropes. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 18 1 (1998) 13-20
2. Artal P., Benito A., and Tabernero J. The human eye is an example of robust optical design. Journal of Vision 6 1 (2006) 1-7
3. Atchison D.A., Charman W.N., and Woods R.L. Subjective depth-of-focus of the eye. Optometry and Vision Science 74 7 (1997) 511-520
4. Atchison D.A., Jones C.E., Schmid K.L., Pritchard N., Pope J.M., Strugnell W.E., et al. Eye shape in emmetropia and myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 45 10 (2004) 3380-3386
5. Badal J. Optometre metrique international. Annales d'oculistique 75 (1876) 101-117
6. Bullimore M.A., Gilmartin B., and Royston J.M. Steady-state accommodation and ocular biometry in late-onset myopia. Documenta Ophthalmologica 80 2 (1992) 143-155
7. Campbell F.W. The depth of field of the human eye. Optica Acta 4 (1957) 157-164
8. Campbell F.W., and Gubisch R.W. Optical quality of the human eye. The Journal of Physiology 186 3 (1966) 558-578
9. Campbell F.W., Robson J.G., and Westheimer G. Fluctuations of accommodation under steady viewing conditions. The Journal of Physiology 145 3 (1959) 579-594
10. Carney L.G., Mainstone J.C., and Henderson B.A. Corneal topography and myopia. A cross-sectional study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 38 2 (1997) 311-320
11. Charman W.N., and Heron G. Fluctuations in accommodation: A review. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 8 2 (1988) 153-164
12. Charman W.N., and Tucker J. Accommodation as a function of object form. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics 55 2 (1978) 84-92
13. Charman W.N., and Whitefoot H. Pupil diameter and the depth-of-field of the human eye as measured by the laser speckle. Optica Acta 24 (1977) 1211-1216
14. Chat S.W., and Edwards M.H. Clinical evaluation of the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor in children. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 21 2 (2001) 87-100
15. Cheng H., Barnett J.K., Vilupuru A.S., Marsack J.D., Kasthurirangan S., Applegate R.A., et al. A population study on changes in wave aberrations with accommodation. Journal of Vision 4 4 (2004) 272-280
16. Collins M. The electronic refractometer. The British Journal of Physiological Optics 1 1 (1937) 30-42
17. Collins M.J., Buehren T., and Iskander D.R. Retinal image quality, reading and myopia. Vision Research 46 1-2 (2006) 196-215
18. Collins M., Davis B., and Wood J. Microfluctuations of steady-state accommodation and the cardiopulmonary system. Vision Research 35 17 (1995) 2491-2502
19. Davies L.N., Wolffsohn J.S., and Gilmartin B. Cognition, ocular accommodation, and cardiovascular function in emmetropes and late-onset myopes. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46 5 (2005) 1791-1796
20. Day M., Strang N.C., Seidel D., and Gray L.S. Technical note: Effect of contact lenses on measurement of the accommodation microfluctuations. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 28 1 (2008) 91-95
21. Day M., Strang N.C., Seidel D., Gray L.S., and Mallen E.A. Refractive group differences in accommodation microfluctuations with changing accommodation stimulus. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 26 1 (2006) 88-96
22. Denieul P. Effects of stimulus vergence on mean accommodation response, microfluctuations of accommodation and optical quality of the human eye. Vision Research 22 5 (1982) 561-569
23. Diether S., and Wildsoet C.F. Stimulus requirements for the decoding of myopic and hyperopic defocus under single and competing defocus conditions in the chicken. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46 7 (2005) 2242-2252
24. Fincham E.F. The accommodation reflex and its stimulus. The British Journal of Ophthalmology 35 7 (1951) 381-393
25. Garner L.F., and Yap M.K. Changes in ocular dimensions and refraction with accommodation. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 17 1 (1997) 12-17
26. Gilmartin B., Mallen E.A., and Wolffsohn J.S. Sympathetic control of accommodation: Evidence for inter-subject variation. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 22 5 (2002) 366-371
27. Gray L.S., Strang N.C., Winfield N., Gilmartin B., and Winn B. The magnitude and distribution of open-loop accommodation using three different methods of opening the loop. Optometry and Vision Science 75 12 (1998) 897-902
28. Gray L.S., Winn B., and Gilmartin B. Accommodative microfluctuations and pupil diameter. Vision Research 33 15 (1993) 2083-2090
29. Gray L.S., Winn B., and Gilmartin B. Effect of target luminance on microfluctuations of accommodation. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 13 3 (1993) 258-265
30. Grosvenor T., and Scott R. Comparison of refractive components in youth-onset and early adult-onset myopia. Optometry and Vision Science 68 3 (1991) 204-209
31. Gwiazda J., Thorn F., Bauer J., and Held R. Myopic children show insufficient accommodative response to blur. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 34 3 (1993) 690-694
32. Harb E., Thorn F., and Troilo D. Characteristics of accommodative behavior during sustained reading in emmetropes and myopes. Vision Research 46 16 (2006) 2581-2592
33. Heron G., and Schor C. The fluctuations of accommodation and ageing. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 15 5 (1995) 445-449
34. Hung G.K., Semmlow J.L., and Ciuffreda K.J. Accommodative oscillation can enhance accommodative response: A simulation study. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 12 4 (1982) 594-598
35. Kasthurirangan S., Vilupuru A.S., and Glasser A. Amplitude dependent accommodative dynamics in humans. Vision Research 43 27 (2003) 2945-2956
36. Kotulak J.C., and Schor C.M. A computational model of the error detector of human visual accommodation. Biological Cybernetics 54 3 (1986) 189-194
37. Kotulak J.C., and Schor C.M. Temporal variations in accommodation during steady-state conditions. Journal of the Optical Society of America: A. Optics and Image Science 3 2 (1986) 223-227
38. Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Aggarwala K.R., and Sanchez N. Chromatic aberration and ocular focus: Fincham revisited. Vision Research 33 10 (1993) 1397-1411
39. Mallen E.A., Gilmartin B., and Wolffsohn J.S. Sympathetic innervation of ciliary muscle and oculomotor function in emmetropic and myopic young adults. Vision Research 45 13 (2005) 1641-1651
40. Mallen E.A., Wolffsohn J.S., Gilmartin B., and Tsujimura S. Clinical evaluation of the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor in adults. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 21 2 (2001) 101-107
41. Mathews S., and Kruger P.B. Spatiotemporal transfer function of human accommodation. Vision Research 34 15 (1994) 1965-1980
42. McBrien N.A., and Millodot M. The effect of refractive error on the accommodative response gradient. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 6 2 (1986) 145-149
43. McLin Jr. L.N., and Schor C.M. Voluntary effort as a stimulus to accommodation and vergence. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 29 11 (1988) 1739-1746
44. McLin Jr. L.N., Schor C.M., and Kruger P.B. Changing size (looming) as a stimulus to accommodation and vergence. Vision Research 28 8 (1988) 883-898
45. Miege C., and Denieul P. Mean response and oscillations of accommodation for various stimulus vergences in relation to accommodation feedback control. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 8 2 (1988) 165-171
46. Nakatsuka C., Hasebe S., Nonaka F., and Ohtsuki H. Accommodative lag under habitual seeing conditions: Comparison between adult myopes and emmetropes. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 47 3 (2003) 291-298
47. Niwa K., and Tokoro T. Influence of spatial distribution with blur on fluctuations in accommodation. Optometry and Vision Science 75 3 (1998) 227-232
48. Ogle K.N., and Schwartz J.T. Depth of focus of the human eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America 49 3 (1959) 273-280
49. Okada Y., Ukai K., Wolffsohn J.S., Gilmartin B., Iijima A., and Bando T. Target spatial frequency determines the response to conflicting defocus- and convergence-driven accommodative stimuli. Vision Research 46 4 (2006) 475-484
50. Plainis S., Ginis H.S., and Pallikaris A. The effect of ocular aberrations on steady-state errors of accommodative response. Journal of Vision 5 5 (2005) 466-477
51. Radhakrishnan H., Pardhan S., Calver R.I., and O'Leary D.J. Effect of positive and negative defocus on contrast sensitivity in myopes and non-myopes. Vision Research 44 16 (2004) 1869-1878
52. Ramsdale C. The effect of ametropia on the accommodative response. Acta Ophthalmologica 63 2 (1985) 167-174
53. Rosenfield M., and Abraham-Cohen J.A. Blur sensitivity in myopes. Optometry and Vision Science 76 5 (1999) 303-307
54. Saw S.M., Chua W.H., Gazzard G., Koh D., Tan D.T., and Stone R.A. Eye growth changes in myopic children in Singapore. The British Journal of Ophthalmology 89 11 (2005) 1489-1494
55. Schor C.M., Kotulak J.C., and Tsuetaki T. Adaptation of tonic accommodation reduces accommodative lag and is masked in darkness. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 27 5 (1986) 820-827
56. Seidel D., Gray L.S., and Heron G. Retinotopic accommodation responses in myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 44 3 (2003) 1035-1041
57. Seidel D., Gray L.S., and Heron G. The effect of monocular and binocular viewing on the accommodation response to real targets in emmetropia and myopia. Optometry and Vision Science 82 4 (2005) 279-285
58. Singh K.D., Logan N.S., and Gilmartin B. Three-dimensional modeling of the human eye based on magnetic resonance imaging. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 47 6 (2006) 2272-2279
59. Sorsby A., Benjamin B., Sheridan M., Stone J., and Leary G.A. Refraction and its components during the growth of the eye from the age of three. Medical Research Council Annual Report 301 Special (1961) 1-67
60. Stark L.R., and Atchison D.A. Pupil size, mean accommodation response and the fluctuations of accommodation. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 17 4 (1997) 316-323
61. Strang N.C., Gilmartin B.S., Gray L.S., Winfield N.R., and Winn B. Open-loop accommodation in emmetropia and myopia. Current Eye Research 20 3 (2000) 190-194
62. Strang N.C., Schmid K.L., and Carney L.G. Hyperopia is predominantly axial in nature. Current Eye Research 17 4 (1998) 380-383
63. Strang N.C., Winn B., and Gilmartin B. Repeatability of post-task regression of accommodation in emmetropia and late-onset myopia. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 14 1 (1994) 88-91
64. van Nes F.L., Koenderink J.J., Nas H., and Bouman M.A. Spatiotemporal modulation transfer in the human eye. J Opt Soc Am 57 9 (1967) 1082-1088
65. Vasudevan B., Ciuffreda K.J., and Wang B. Objective blur thresholds in free space for different refractive groups. Current Eye Research 31 2 (2006) 111-118
66. Walsh G., and Charman W.N. The effect of defocus on the contrast and phase of the retinal image of a sinusoidal grating. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 9 4 (1989) 398-404
67. Ward P.A., and Charman W.N. On the use of small artificial pupils to open-loop the accommodation system. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 7 2 (1987) 191-193
68. Winn B., Pugh J.R., Gilmartin B., and Owens H. The frequency characteristics of accommodative microfluctuations for central and peripheral zones of the human crystalline lens. Vision Research 30 7 (1990) 1093-1099
69. Wolffsohn J.S., Gilmartin B., Mallen E.A., and Tsujimura S. Continuous recording of accommodation and pupil size using the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 21 2 (2001) 108-113