Lower mantle tomography and phase change mapping

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 113, Issue 10, 2008, Pages

  Sun, Daoyuan ^a   Helmberger, Don ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARRIVAL TIME; DETECTION METHOD; LOWER MANTLE; MAPPING; P-WAVE; PEROVSKITE; S-WAVE; SLAB; TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 57649199674     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JB005289     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Anderson, D. L. (2005), Scoring hotspots: The plume and plate paradigms, in Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, edited by G. R. Foulger et al., Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 388, 31-54.
2. Ding, X. M., and D. V Helmberger (1997), Modelling D″ structure beneath Central America with broadband seismic data, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 101(3-4), 245-270, doi: 10.1016/S0031-9201(97)00001-0.
3. Duffy, T. S. (2004), Earth science - Deeper understanding, Nature, 430(6998), 409-410, doi:10.1038/430409a.
4. Flores, C., and T. Lay (2005), The trouble with seeing double, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24305, doi:10.1029/2005GL024366.
5. Garnero, E. J. (2000), Heterogeneity of the lowermost mantle, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 28, 509-537, doi:10.1146/ annurev.earth.28.1.509.
6. Garnero, E. J. (2004), A new paradigm for Earth's core-mantle boundary, Science, 304(5672), 834-836, doi:10.1126/science.1097849.
7. Garnero, E. J., and T. Lay (1997), Lateral variations in lowermost mantle shear wave anisotropy beneath the north Pacific and Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B4), 8121-8135, doi:10.1029/96JB03830.
8. Garnero, E. J., and T. Lay (2003), D″ shear velocity heterogeneity, anisotropy and discontinuity structure beneath the Caribbean and Central America, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 140(1-3), 219-242, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2003.07.014.
9. Grand, S. P. (1994), Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B6), 11,591-11,621, doi:10.1029/94JB00042.
10. Grand, S. P. (2002), Mantle shear-wave tomography and the fate of subducted slabs, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser A, 360(1800), 2475-2491.
11. Grand, S. P., R. D. van der Hilst, and S. Widiyantoro (1997), Global seismic tomography: A snapshot of convection in the earth, GSA Today, 7, 1-7.
12. He, Y. M., L. X. Wen, and T. Y. Zheng (2006), Geographic boundary and shear wave velocity structure of the "Pacific anomaly" near the core-mantle boundary beneath western Pacific, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 244(1-2), 302-314, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.007.
13. Helmberger, D. V., and S. D. Ni (2005a), Approximate 3D body-wave synthetics for tomographic models, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 95(1), 212-224, doi:10.1785/0120040004.
14. Helmberger, D. V., and S. D. Ni (2005b), Seismic modeling constraints on the South African Super Plume, in Earth's Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition, and Evolution, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 160, edited by R. D. van der Hilst et al., pp. 65-84, AGU, Washington, D.C.
15. Helmberger, D. V., G. Engen, and S. Grand (1985), Upper-mantle cross-section from California to Greenland, J. Geophys., 58, 92-100.
16. Helmberger, D. V., T. A. Song, and D. Sun (2005), 2-D finite difference modeling of the D″ structure beneath the Eastern Cocos Plate: Part I, Eos Trans. American Geophysical Union, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S34C-05.
17. Hernlund, J. W., and S. Labrosse (2007), Geophysically consistent values of the perovskite to post-perovskite transition Clapeyron slope, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05309, doi:10.1029/2006GL028961.
18. Hernlund, J. W., C. Thomas, and P. J. Tackley (2005), A doubling of the post-perovskite phase boundary and structure of the Earth's lowermost mantle, Nature, 434(7035), 882-886, doi:10.1038/nature03472.
19. Hirose, K. (2006), Postperovskite phase transition and its geophysical implications, Rev. Geophys., 44, RG3001, doi:10.1029/2005RG000186.
20. Hutko, A. R., T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, and J. Revenaugh (2006), Seismic detection of folded, subducted lithosphere at the core-mantle boundary, Nature, 441(7091), 333-336, doi:10.1038/nature04757.
21. Karato, S., and B. B. Karki (2001), Origin of lateral variation of seismic wave velocities and density in the deep mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 106(B10), 21,771-21,783, doi:10.1029/2001JB000214.
22. Kendall, J. M., and P. M. Shearer (1994), Lateral variations in D″ thickness from long period shear-wave data, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B6), 11,575-11,590, doi:10.1029/94JB00236.
23. Kito, T., S. Rost, C. Thomas, and E. J. Garnero (2007), New insights into the P- and S-wave velocity structure of the D″ discontinuity beneath the Cocos plate, Geophys. J. Int., 169(2), 631-645, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03350.x.
24. Lay, T., and E. J. Garnero (2007), Reconciling the post-perovskite phase with seismological observations of lowermost mantle structure, in Post-Perovkiste: The Last Mantle Phase Transition, Geophys. Monogr. Ser, vol. 174, edited by K. Hirose et al., pp. 129-153, AGU, Washington, D. C.
25. Lay, T., and D. V. Helmberger (1983), A lower mantle S-wave triplication and the shear velocity structure of D, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 75(3), 799-837.
26. Lay, T., Q. Williams, E. J. Garnero, L. Kellogg, and M. E. Wysession (1998), Seismic wave anisotropy in the D″ region and its implications, in The Core-Mantle Boundary Region, Geodyn. Ser., vol. 28, edited by M. Gurnis et al., pp. 299-318, AGU, Washington, D. C.
27. Lay, T., J. Hernlund, E. J. Garnero, and M. S. Thorne (2006), A post-perovskite lens and D″ heat flux beneath the central Pacific, Science, 314(5803), 1272-1276, doi:10.1126/science.1133280.
28. Luo, S. N., S. D. Ni, and D. V. Helmberger (2001), Evidence for a sharp lateral variation of velocity at the core-mantle boundary from multipathed PKPab, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 189(3-4), 155-164, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00364-8.
29. Masters, G., G. Laske, H. Bolton, and A. M. Dziewonski (2000), The relative behavior of shear velocity, bulk sound speed, and compressional velocity in the mantle: Implications for chemical and thermal structure, in Earth's Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography From the Atomic to the Global Scale, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 117, edited by S. Karato et al., pp. 63-87, AGU, Washington, D. C.
30. Matzel, E., M. K. Sen, and S. P. Grand (1996), Evidence for anisotropy in the deep mantle beneath Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(18), 2417-2420, doi:10.1029/96GL02186.
31. Murakami, M., K. Hirose, K. Kawamura, N. Sata, and Y. Ohishi (2004), Post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3, Science, 304(5672), 855-858, doi:10.1126/science.1095932.
32. Ni, S. D., X. M. Ding, and D. V. Helmberger (2000), Constructing synthetics from deep earth tomographic models, Geophys. J. Int., 140(1), 71-82, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00982.x.
33. Ni, S. D., V. F. Cormier, and D. V. Helmberger (2003), A comparison of synthetic seismograms for 2D structures: Semianalytical versus numerical, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(6), 2752-2757, doi:10.1785/ 0120030011.
34. Ohta, K., K. Hirose, T. Lay, N. Sata, and Y. Ohishi (2008), Phase transitions in pyrolite and MORB at lowermost mantle conditions: Implications for a MORB-rich pile above the core-mantle boundary, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 267(1-2), 107-117.
35. Revenaugh, J., and R. Meyer (1997), Seismic evidence of partial melt within a possibly ubiquitous low-velocity layer at the base of the mantle, Science, 277(5326), 670-673, doi:10.1126/ science.277.5326.670.
36. Russell, S. A., T. Lay, and E.J. Garnero (1998), Seismic evidence for small-scale dynamics in the lowermost mantle at the root of the Hawaiian hotspot, Nature, 396(6708), 255-258, doi:10.1038/24364.
37. Sidorin, I., M. Gurnis, D. V. Helmberger, and X. M. Ding (1998), Interpreting D″ seismic structure using synthetic waveforms computed from dynamic models, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 163(1-4), 31-41, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00172-1.
38. Sidorin, I., M. Gurnis, and D. V. Helmberger (1999), Evidence for a ubiquitous seismic discontinuity at the base of the mantle, Science, 286(5443), 1326-1331, doi:10.1126/science.286.5443.1326.
39. Song, T. R., and D. V. Helmberger (2007), Validating tomography model with broadband waveform modeling: Example from the La Ristra Transect in the southwestern United States, Geophys. J. Int., 171, 244-258, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03508.x.
40. Sun, D. Y., T. R. A. Song, and D. Helmberger (2006), Complexity of D″ in the presence of slab-debris and phase changes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12S07, doi:10.1029/2005GL025384.
41. Sun, D. Y., D. X. Song, S. H. Zheng, and D. V. Helmberger (2007a), Evidence for a chemical-thermal structure at base of mantle from sharp lateral P wave variations beneath Central America, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 4., 104(1), 26-30, doi:10.1073/pnas.0609143103.
42. Sun, D. Y., E. Tan, D. Helmberger, and M. Gurnis (2007b), Seismological support for the metastable superplume model, sharp features, and phase changes within the lower mantle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104(22), 9151-9155, doi:10.1073/pnas.0608160104.
43. Tan, E., M. Gurnis, and L. J. Han (2002), Slabs in the lower mantle and their modulation of plume formation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(11), 1067, doi:10.1029/2001GC000238.
44. Thomas, C., J. Garnero, and T. Lay (2004), High-resolution imaging of lowermost mantle structure under the Cocos plate, J. Geophys. Res., 109(B8), B08307, doi:10.1029/2004JB003013.
45. Thomas, C., J. Wookey, and M. Simpson (2007), D″ anisotropy beneath Southeast Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04301, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL028965.
46. Thome, M. S., T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, G. Jahnke, and H. Igel (2007), Seismic imaging of the laterally varying D″ region beneath the Cocos Plate, Geophys. J. Int., 170(2), 635-648, doi:10.1111/ j.1365-246X.2006. 03279.x.
47. van der Hilst, R. D. (2004), Geophysics - Changing views on Earth's deep mantle, Science, 306(5697), 817-818, doi:10.1126/science.1104679.
48. van der Hilst, R., M. V. de Hoop, P. Wang, S.-H. Shim, P. Ma, and L. Tenorio (2007), Seismostratigraphy and thermal structure of Earth's core-mantle boundary region, Science, 315(5820), 1813-1817, doi:10.1126/science.1137867.
49. Wang, P., M. V. deHoop, R. D. vanderHilst, P. Ma, and L. Tenorio (2006), Imaging of structure at and near the core mantle boundary using a generalized radon transform: 1. Construction of image gathers, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B12304, doi:10.1029/2005JB004241.
50. Wysession, M. E., et al. (1998), The D″ discontinuity and its implications, in The Core-Mantle Boundary Region, Geodyn. Ser, vol. 28, edited by M. Gurnis et al., pp. 273-297, AGU, Washington, D.C.