Seismic modeling constraints on the South African super plume

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 160, Issue , 2005, Pages 63-81

  Helmberger, Don V ^a   Ni, Sidao ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010078372     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/160GM06     Document Type: Chapter

References (42)

1. 3 (perovskite): Implications for density of ultramafic liquids above core-mantle boundary, Abstract, Eos Trans. AGU., 84 (46), 2771, 2003.
2. Anderson, D. L., Top-down tectonics, Science, 293, 2016, 2001.
3. Anderson, D. L., The case for irreversible chemical stratification of the mantle, Int. Geol Rev., 44, 97-116, 2002.
4. Castle, J. C. and R. van der Hilst, Searching for seismic scattering off mantle interface between 800 km and 2000 km depth, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (B2), 2095, 2003.
5. Davaille, A., Simultaneous generation of hotspots and superswells by convection in a heterogeneous planetary mantle, Nature, 402, 756-760, 1999.
6. Ding, Xiaoming, High resolution studies of deep earth structure, Ph.D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 1997.
7. Dziewonski, A. M. and D. L. Anderson, Preliminary Reference Earth model, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 25, 297-356, 1981.
8. Garnero, E. J., Lower mantle heterogeneity, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 28, 509-537, 2000.
9. Gonnermann, H. M., M. Manga, A. M. Jellinek, Dynamics and longevity of an initially stratified mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1029, 2002.
10. Grand, S. P., Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11,591-11,622, 1994.
11. Grand, S. P., R. D. van der Hilst, and S. Widiyantoro, Global seismic tomography: Global seismic tomography: A snapshot of convection in the Earth, GSA Today, 7, 1-7, 1997.
12. Grand, S. P., Mantle shear-wave tomography and the fate of subducted slabs, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A, 360, 2475-2491, 2002.
13. Hager, B. H., R. W. Clayton, M. A. Richards, R. P. Comer, and A. M. Dziewonski, Lower mantle heterogeneity; dynamic topography and the geoid, Nature, 313, 541-545, 1985.
14. Hart, S., A large-scale isotope anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere Mantle, Nature, 309, 753-757, 1984.
15. Helmberger, D. V., S. Ni, L. Wen, and J. Ritsema, Seismic evidence for ultra low-velocity zones beneath Africa and Eastern Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (B10), 23865-23878, 2000.
16. Helmberger, D. V. and S. Ni, Approximate 3D Body wave Synthetics for Tomographic Models, submitted to Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2004.
17. Ishii, M. and J. Tromp, Normal-mode and free-air gravity constraints on lateral variations in velocity and density of Earth's mantle, Science, 285, 1231-1236, 1999.
18. James, D. E., M. J. Fouch, J. C. VanDecar, S. van der Lee, Kaapvaal Seismic Group, Tectospheric structure beneath southern Africa, GRL, 28, 2485-2488,2001.
19. Kellogg, L., B. H. Hager, and R. vanderHilst, Compositional Stratification in the Deep Mantle, Science, 283, 1881-1884, 1999.
20. Lay, T., E. J. Garnero, and Q. Williams, Partial Melting in a Thermo-Chemical Boundary Layer at the Base of the Mantle, submitted to Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 2003.
21. Masters, G., G. Laske, H. Bolton, and A. M. Dziewonski, The relative behavior of shear velocity, bulk sound speed, and compressional velocity in the mantle: Implications for chemical and thermal structure, in Earth's Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography From the Atomic to the Global Scale, eds. S. Karato, A. M. Forte, R. C. Liebermann, G. Masters, and L. Stixrude, AGU, 63-87, Washington, DC, USA., 2000.
22. Ni, S., X. Ding, and D. V. Helmberger, Constructing synthetics from deep earth tomographic models, Geophys. J. Int., 140, 71-82, 2000.
23. Ni, S., and D. V. Helmberger, Horizontal transition from fast (slab) to slow (plume) structures at the core-mantle boundary, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 187, 301-310, 2001.
24. Ni, S., E. Tan, M. Gurnis, and D. V Helmberger, Sharp Sides to the African Super Plume, Science, 296, 1850-1852, 2002.
25. Ni, Sidao and D. V. Helmberger, Seismological Constraints on the South African Super Plume; could be the oldest distinct structure on Earth, Earth Planet Sci. Lett, 206, 119-131, 2003a.
26. Ni, Sidao and D. V. Helmberger, Ridge-like lower mantle structure beneath South Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2094-2110, 2003b.
27. Ni, Sidao and D. V Helmberger, Further constraints on African Super Plume Structure, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 140, 243-251, 2003c.
28. Ni, Sidao, Vernon F. Cormier, and D. V Helmberger, A Comparison of Synthetic Seismograms for 2D Structures: Semianalytical versus Numerical, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93, No. 6, 2752-2757, 2003d.
29. Ni, Sidao, D. V. Helmberger, and J. Tromp, Three-dimensional structure of the African superplume from waveform modeling, Geophys. J. Int., 161, 283-294, 2005.
30. Nyblade, A. A., C Birt, C A. Langston, T. J. Owens, and R. Last, Seismic experiment reveals rifting of craton in Tanzania, Eos Trans. AGU, 77, 517-521, 1996.
31. Ritsema, J., S. Ni, D. V. Helmberger, and H. P. Crotwell, Evidence for strong shear velocity reductions and velocity gradients in the lower mantle beneath Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 4245-4248, 1998a.
32. Ritsema, J. A., A. Nyblade, T. J. Owens, C. A. Langston, and J. C. VanDecar, Upper mantle seismic velocity structure beneath Tanzania, J. Geophys. Res., 7675,21,201-21,213, 1998b.
33. Ritsema, J., H. Van Heijst, and J. Woodhouse, Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland, Science, 286, 1925-1928, 1999.
34. Simmons, N. A. and S. P. Grand, Partial melting in the deepest mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1552, 2002.
35. Tackley, P., Mantle Convection and Plate tectonics: Toward an integrated Physical and Chemical Theory, Science 288, 2002-2007, 2000.
36. van der Hilst, R., S. Widiyantoro, E. R. Engdahl, Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography, Nature, 386, 578-584, 1996.
37. van der Hilst, R., J. Tromp, and E. Stutzman, Seismological Constraints on Mantle Structure and Composition, Nature, 2004.
38. Wang, Y. and L. Wen, Mapping the geometry and geographic distribution of a very low velocity province at the base of the Earth's mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10305, 2004.
39. Wen, L., Intense seismic scattering near the Earth's core-mantle boundary beneath the Comoros hotspot, Geophys. Res. Lett, 27, 3627-3630, 2000.
40. Wen, L., Silver P, James D and Kuehnel R., Seismic evidence for a thermo-chemical boundary at the base of the Earth's mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 189, 141-153, 2001.
41. Wen, L., Seismic evidence for a rapidly varying compositional anomaly at the base of the Earth's mantle beneath the Indian Ocean, Earth Planet Sci. Lett, 194, 83-95, 2001.
42. Williams, Q. and E. J. Garnero, Seismic evidence for partial melt at the base of the Earth's mantle, Science, 273, 1528-1530, 1996.