메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 19, 2004, Pages 4493-4506

Measurements of output factors with different detector types and Monte Carlo calculations of stopping-power ratios for degraded electron beams

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON BEAMS; IONIZATION; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MONTE CARLO METHODS; PLASTICS; SCATTERING;

EID: 5744252437     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/49/19/004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0021062111 scopus 로고
    • A protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy photon and electron beams
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 21
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 21 1983 A protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy photon and electron beams Med. Phys. 10 741-71
    • (1983) Med. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 741-771
  • 2
    • 0025975407 scopus 로고
    • Clinical electron-beam dosimetry
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 25
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 25 1991 Clinical electron-beam dosimetry Med. Phys. 18 73-109
    • (1991) Med. Phys. , vol.18 , pp. 73-109
  • 3
    • 0027938389 scopus 로고
    • The calibration and use of plane-parallel ionization chambers for dosimetry of electron beams
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 39
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 39 1994 The calibration and use of plane-parallel ionization chambers for dosimetry of electron beams Med. Phys. 21 1251-60
    • (1994) Med. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 1251-1260
  • 4
    • 0032874911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 51
    • American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 51 1999 AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams Med. Phys. 26 1847-70
    • (1999) Med. Phys. , vol.26 , pp. 1847-1870
  • 5
    • 0035999413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Monte Carlo methods to commission electron beams: A feasibility study
    • Antolak J A, Bieda M R and Hogstrom K R 2002 Using Monte Carlo methods to commission electron beams: a feasibility study Med. Phys. 29 771-86
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , pp. 771-786
    • Antolak, J.A.1    Bieda, M.R.2    Hogstrom, K.R.3
  • 6
    • 0035664408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of scattering foil parameters on electron-beam Monte Carlo calculations
    • Bieda M R, Antolak J A and Hogstrom K R 2001 The effect of scattering foil parameters on electron-beam Monte Carlo calculations Med. Phys. 28 2527-34
    • (2001) Med. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. 2527-2534
    • Bieda, M.R.1    Antolak, J.A.2    Hogstrom, K.R.3
  • 8
    • 5744227583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorbed dose determination and characteristics of degraded electron beams: Application to intraoperative radiation therapy
    • Thesis Lund University, Sweden
    • Björk P 2003 Absorbed dose determination and characteristics of degraded electron beams: application to intraoperative radiation therapy Thesis Lund University, Sweden
    • (2003)
    • Björk, P.1
  • 9
    • 0343183074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and dosimetry characteristics of a soft-docking system for intraoperative radiation therapy
    • Björk P, Knöös T, Nilsson P and Larsson K 2000a Design and dosimetry characteristics of a soft-docking system for intraoperative radiation therapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 47 527-33
    • (2000) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. , vol.47 , pp. 527-533
    • Björk, P.1    Knöös, T.2    Nilsson, P.3    Larsson, K.4
  • 10
    • 0033679098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative dosimetry of diode and diamond detectors in electron beams for intraoperative radiation therapy
    • Björk P, Knöös T and Nilsson P 2000b Comparative dosimetry of diode and diamond detectors in electron beams for intraoperative radiation therapy Med. Phys. 27 2580-8
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 2580-2588
    • Björk, P.1    Knöös, T.2    Nilsson, P.3
  • 11
    • 0037153111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of initial electron beam characteristics on Monte Carlo calculated absorbed dose distributions for linear accelerator electron beams
    • Björk P, Knöös T and Nilsson P 2002b Influence of initial electron beam characteristics on Monte Carlo calculated absorbed dose distributions for linear accelerator electron beams Phys. Med. Biol. 47 4019-41
    • (2002) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.47 , pp. 4019-4041
    • Björk, P.1    Knöös, T.2    Nilsson, P.3
  • 12
    • 0037148096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosimetry characteristics of degraded electron beams investigated by Monte Carlo calculations in a setup for intraoperative radiation therapy
    • Björk P, Nilsson P and Knöös T 2002a Dosimetry characteristics of degraded electron beams investigated by Monte Carlo calculations in a setup for intraoperative radiation therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 47 239-56
    • (2002) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.47 , pp. 239-256
    • Björk, P.1    Nilsson, P.2    Knöös, T.3
  • 13
    • 0023913606 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of electron beam depth-dose curves and output factors for arbitrary field shapes
    • Bruinvis I A D and Mathol W A F 1988 Calculation of electron beam depth-dose curves and output factors for arbitrary field shapes Radiother. Oncol. 11 395-404
    • (1988) Radiother. Oncol. , vol.11 , pp. 395-404
    • Bruinvis, I.A.D.1    Mathol, W.A.F.2
  • 15
    • 0029665664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 50 as a beam quality specifier for selecting stopping-power ratios and reference depths for electron dosimetry
    • 50 as a beam quality specifier for selecting stopping-power ratios and reference depths for electron dosimetry Med. Phys. 23 383-8
    • (1996) Med. Phys. , vol.23 , pp. 383-388
    • Burns, D.T.1    Ding, G.X.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3
  • 16
    • 0034856752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-source model for electron beams: Calculation of relative output factors
    • Chen J Z, VanDyk J, Lewis C and Battista J J 2001 A two-source model for electron beams: calculation of relative output factors Med. Phys. 28 1735-45
    • (2001) Med. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. 1735-1745
    • Chen, J.Z.1    VanDyk, J.2    Lewis, C.3    Battista, J.J.4
  • 17
    • 0037425139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical implementation of a method for calculating the output factor and per cent depth dose for an electron beam
    • Choi D R, Mobit P N and Breitman K E 2003 The clinical implementation of a method for calculating the output factor and per cent depth dose for an electron beam Phys. Med. Biol. 48 899-908
    • (2003) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.48 , pp. 899-908
    • Choi, D.R.1    Mobit, P.N.2    Breitman, K.E.3
  • 18
    • 0033769587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modified sector-integration method for predicting the output factors of electron beams including extended source to surface distance
    • Choi D R, Wolters J, Mason D and Baillie A 2000 Modified sector-integration method for predicting the output factors of electron beams including extended source to surface distance Phys. Med. Biol. 45 3367-72
    • (2000) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.45 , pp. 3367-3372
    • Choi, D.R.1    Wolters, J.2    Mason, D.3    Baillie, A.4
  • 19
    • 0030875108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical approach to electron beam dosimetry at extended SSD
    • Cygler J, Li X A, Ding G X and Lawrence E 1997 Practical approach to electron beam dosimetry at extended SSD Phys. Med. Biol. 42 1505-14
    • (1997) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 1505-1514
    • Cygler, J.1    Li, X.A.2    Ding, G.X.3    Lawrence, E.4
  • 20
    • 0024516441 scopus 로고
    • Determination of accurate dosimetric parameters for beveled intraoperative electron beam applicators
    • Dahl R A and McCullough E C 1989 Determination of accurate dosimetric parameters for beveled intraoperative electron beam applicators Med. Phys. 16 130-1
    • (1989) Med. Phys. , vol.16 , pp. 130-131
    • Dahl, R.A.1    McCullough, E.C.2
  • 22
    • 0029001670 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of stopping-power ratios using realistic clinical electron beams
    • Ding G X, Rogers D W O and Mackie T R 1995 Calculation of stopping-power ratios using realistic clinical electron beams Med. Phys. 22 489-501
    • (1995) Med. Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 489-501
    • Ding, G.X.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2    Mackie, T.R.3
  • 23
    • 0032924569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commissioning a p-type silicon diode for use in clinical electron beams
    • Eveling J N, Morgan A M and Pitchford W G 1999 Commissioning a p-type silicon diode for use in clinical electron beams Med. Phys. 26 100-7
    • (1999) Med. Phys. , vol.26 , pp. 100-107
    • Eveling, J.N.1    Morgan, A.M.2    Pitchford, W.G.3
  • 25
    • 0003484991 scopus 로고
    • Absorbed dose determination in photon and electron beams: An international code of practice
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Reports Series No 277 (Vienna: IAEA)
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1987 Absorbed dose determination in photon and electron beams: an international code of practice Technical Reports Series No 277 (Vienna: IAEA)
    • (1987)
  • 26
    • 0003680969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of plane parallel ionization chambers in high energy electron and photon beams: An international code of practice for dosimetry
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Reports Series No 381 (Vienna: IAEA)
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1997 The use of plane parallel ionization chambers in high energy electron and photon beams: an international code of practice for dosimetry Technical Reports Series No 381 (Vienna: IAEA)
    • (1997)
  • 27
    • 0003680967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: An international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Reports Series No (Vienna: IAEA)
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 2000 Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: an international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water Technical Reports Series No 398 (Vienna: IAEA)
    • (2000) , pp. 398
  • 28
    • 0030725368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sector-integration method for calculating the output factors of irregularly shaped electron fields
    • Jursinic P A and Mueller R 1997 A sector-integration method for calculating the output factors of irregularly shaped electron fields Med. Phys. 24 1765-9
    • (1997) Med. Phys. , vol.24 , pp. 1765-1769
    • Jursinic, P.A.1    Mueller, R.2
  • 29
    • 0032849750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stopping-power ratios for clinical electron beams from a scatter-foil linear accelerator
    • Kapur A and Ma C-M 1999 Stopping-power ratios for clinical electron beams from a scatter-foil linear accelerator Phys. Med. Biol. 44 2321-41
    • (1999) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.44 , pp. 2321-2341
    • Kapur, A.1    Ma, C.-M.2
  • 30
    • 0031766241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam output factors for a medical linear accelerator
    • Kapur A, Ma C-M, Mok E C, Findley D O and Boyer A 1998 Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam output factors for a medical linear accelerator Phys. Med. Biol. 43 3479-94
    • (1998) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.43 , pp. 3479-3494
    • Kapur, A.1    Ma, C.-M.2    Mok, E.C.3    Findley, D.O.4    Boyer, A.5
  • 31
    • 0034104708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport: I. EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version
    • Kawrakow I 2000 Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport: I. EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version Med. Phys. 27 485-98
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 485-498
    • Kawrakow, I.1
  • 32
    • 0003797114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport
    • National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-701 (Ottawa: NRC)
    • Kawrakow I and Rogers D W O 2001 The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-701 (Ottawa: NRC)
    • (2001)
    • Kawrakow, I.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 34
    • 0031971891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semi-empirical method for calculating the effect of air gap space on output factors on electron beam dose distributions
    • Kharrati H, Aletti P and Bruinvis I A D 1998 A semi-empirical method for calculating the effect of air gap space on output factors on electron beam dose distributions Radiother. Oncol. 47 81-4
    • (1998) Radiother. Oncol. , vol.47 , pp. 81-84
    • Kharrati, H.1    Aletti, P.2    Bruinvis, I.A.D.3
  • 35
    • 0027304227 scopus 로고
    • Beam quality specification for photon beam dosimetry
    • Kosunen A and Rogers D W O 1993 Beam quality specification for photon beam dosimetry Med. Phys. 20 1181-8
    • (1993) Med. Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 1181-1188
    • Kosunen, A.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 36
    • 0029374110 scopus 로고
    • Output factors for irregularly shaped electron fields
    • Kurup R G, Glasgow G P and Leybovich L 1995 Output factors for irregularly shaped electron fields Med. Dosim. 20 155-9
    • (1995) Med. Dosim. , vol.20 , pp. 155-159
    • Kurup, R.G.1    Glasgow, G.P.2    Leybovich, L.3
  • 37
    • 0020079175 scopus 로고
    • The dosimetric properties of an applicator system for intraoperative electron-beam therapy utilizing a Clinac-18 accelerator
    • McCullough E C and Anderson J A 1982 The dosimetric properties of an applicator system for intraoperative electron-beam therapy utilizing a Clinac-18 accelerator Med. Phys. 9 261-8
    • (1982) Med. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 261-268
    • McCullough, E.C.1    Anderson, J.A.2
  • 38
    • 0023507421 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the electron beam output factors of a 25-MeV linear accelerator
    • McParland B J 1987 A parameterization of the electron beam output factors of a 25-MeV linear accelerator Med. Phys. 14 665-9
    • (1987) Med. Phys. , vol.14 , pp. 665-669
    • McParland, B.J.1
  • 39
    • 0024594458 scopus 로고
    • A method of calculating the output factors of arbitrarily shaped electron fields
    • McParland B J 1989 A method of calculating the output factors of arbitrarily shaped electron fields Med. Phys. 16 88-93
    • (1989) Med. Phys. , vol.16 , pp. 88-93
    • McParland, B.J.1
  • 40
    • 0021721418 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of relatively new electron dosimetry measurement techniques on the Mevatron 80
    • Meyer J A, Palta J R and Hogstrom K R 1984 Demonstration of relatively new electron dosimetry measurement techniques on the Mevatron 80 Med. Phys. 11 670-7
    • (1984) Med. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 670-677
    • Meyer, J.A.1    Palta, J.R.2    Hogstrom, K.R.3
  • 43
    • 0021813447 scopus 로고
    • Determination of electron beam output factors for a 20-MeV linear accelerator
    • Mills M D, Hogstrom K R and Fields R S 1985 Determination of electron beam output factors for a 20-MeV linear accelerator Med. Phys. 12 473-6
    • (1985) Med. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 473-476
    • Mills, M.D.1    Hogstrom, K.R.2    Fields, R.S.3
  • 44
    • 0032936611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An EGS4 Monte Carlo examination of the response of a PTW-diamond radiation detector in megavoltage electron beams
    • Mobit P N and Sandison G A 1999 An EGS4 Monte Carlo examination of the response of a PTW-diamond radiation detector in megavoltage electron beams Med. Phys. 26 839-44
    • (1999) Med. Phys. , vol.26 , pp. 839-844
    • Mobit, P.N.1    Sandison, G.A.2
  • 45
    • 0003620648 scopus 로고
    • The EGS4 code system SLAC Report SLAC-265
    • (Stanford, CA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center)
    • Nelson W R, Hirayama H and Rogers D W O 1985 The EGS4 code system SLAC Report SLAC-265 (Stanford, CA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center)
    • (1985)
    • Nelson, W.R.1    Hirayama, H.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3
  • 46
    • 0024396927 scopus 로고
    • The dosimetric properties of an intraoperative radiation therapy applicator system for a Mevatron-80
    • Nelson C E, Cook R and Rakfal S 1989 The dosimetric properties of an intraoperative radiation therapy applicator system for a Mevatron-80 Med. Phys. 16 794-9
    • (1989) Med. Phys. , vol.16 , pp. 794-799
    • Nelson, C.E.1    Cook, R.2    Rakfal, S.3
  • 47
    • 0024451964 scopus 로고
    • Film dosimetry of small elongated electron beams for treatment planning
    • Niroomand-Rad A 1989 Film dosimetry of small elongated electron beams for treatment planning Med. Phys. 16 655-62
    • (1989) Med. Phys. , vol.16 , pp. 655-662
    • Niroomand-Rad, A.1
  • 48
    • 0022496284 scopus 로고
    • Film dosimetry of small electron beams for routine radiotherapy planning
    • Niroomand-Rad A, Gillin M T, Kline R W and Grimm D F 1986 Film dosimetry of small electron beams for routine radiotherapy planning Med. Phys. 13 416-21
    • (1986) Med. Phys. , vol.13 , pp. 416-421
    • Niroomand-Rad, A.1    Gillin, M.T.2    Kline, R.W.3    Grimm, D.F.4
  • 50
    • 0022372310 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of electron beams from a new 25-MeV linear accelerator
    • O'Brien P, Michaels H B, Aldrich J E and Andrew J W 1985 Characteristics of electron beams from a new 25-MeV linear accelerator Med. Phys. 12 799-805
    • (1985) Med. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 799-805
    • O'Brien, P.1    Michaels, H.B.2    Aldrich, J.E.3    Andrew, J.W.4
  • 51
    • 0029320291 scopus 로고
    • Field homogeneity of bevelled intraoperative electron beam cones: The influence of virtual focus surface distance
    • Olsen D R, Paulsen T H, Heyerdal H, Tveit K M, Wiig J N, Giercksky K E and Storaas A 1995 Field homogeneity of bevelled intraoperative electron beam cones: the influence of virtual focus surface distance Med. Dosim. 20 105-9
    • (1995) Med. Dosim. , vol.20 , pp. 105-109
    • Olsen, D.R.1    Paulsen, T.H.2    Heyerdal, H.3    Tveit, K.M.4    Wiig, J.N.5    Giercksky, K.E.6    Storaas, A.7
  • 53
    • 0025111041 scopus 로고
    • Small-field electron dosimetry for the Philips SL25 linear accelerator
    • Rashid H, Islam M K, Gaballa H, Rosenow U F and Ting J Y 1990 Small-field electron dosimetry for the Philips SL25 linear accelerator Med. Phys. 17 710-4
    • (1990) Med. Phys. , vol.17 , pp. 710-714
    • Rashid, H.1    Islam, M.K.2    Gaballa, H.3    Rosenow, U.F.4    Ting, J.Y.5
  • 57
    • 0026437901 scopus 로고
    • Dosimetry of small field electron beams
    • Rustgi S N and Working K R 1992 Dosimetry of small field electron beams Med. Dosim. 17 107-10
    • (1992) Med. Dosim. , vol.17 , pp. 107-110
    • Rustgi, S.N.1    Working, K.R.2
  • 58
    • 0023777801 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a photon and an electron beam of a 6-MV linear accelerator
    • Sharma S C, Modur P and Basavatia R 1988 Evaluation of a photon and an electron beam of a 6-MV linear accelerator Med. Phys. 15 525-9
    • (1988) Med. Phys. , vol.15 , pp. 525-529
    • Sharma, S.C.1    Modur, P.2    Basavatia, R.3
  • 59
    • 0021723523 scopus 로고
    • Dosimetry of small fields for Therac 20 electron beams
    • Sharma S C, Wilson D L and Jose B 1984 Dosimetry of small fields for Therac 20 electron beams Med. Phys. 11 697-702
    • (1984) Med. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 697-702
    • Sharma, S.C.1    Wilson, D.L.2    Jose, B.3
  • 61
    • 0034974992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo calculation of output factors for circular, rectangular, and square fields of electron accelerators (6-20 MeV)
    • Verhaegen F, Mubata C, Pettingell J, Bidmead A M, Rosenberg I, Mockridge D and Nahum A E 2001 Monte Carlo calculation of output factors for circular, rectangular, and square fields of electron accelerators (6-20 MeV) Med. Phys. 28 938-49
    • (2001) Med. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. 938-949
    • Verhaegen, F.1    Mubata, C.2    Pettingell, J.3    Bidmead, A.M.4    Rosenberg, I.5    Mockridge, D.6    Nahum, A.E.7
  • 62
    • 0038644818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-794 (Ottawa: NRC)
    • Walters B R B and Rogers D W O 2002 DOSXYZnrc user manual National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-794 (Ottawa: NRC)
    • (2002) DOSXYZnrc User Manual
    • Walters, B.R.B.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 63
    • 0023929295 scopus 로고
    • Practical and technical considerations in establishing an intraoperative radiation therapy program in the community practice
    • Wolkov H B, Chenery S G, Asche D R, McPeek E C, Hanks G E and Holmes T W 1988 Practical and technical considerations in establishing an intraoperative radiation therapy program in the community practice Radiology 168 255-8
    • (1988) Radiology , vol.168 , pp. 255-258
    • Wolkov, H.B.1    Chenery, S.G.2    Asche, D.R.3    McPeek, E.C.4    Hanks, G.E.5    Holmes, T.W.6
  • 64
    • 0031657022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of changes in stopping-power ratios with field size on electron beam relative output factors
    • Zhang G G, Rogers D W O, Cygler J E and Mackie T R 1998 Effects of changes in stopping-power ratios with field size on electron beam relative output factors Med. Phys. 25 1711-6
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 1711-1716
    • Zhang, G.G.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2    Cygler, J.E.3    Mackie, T.R.4
  • 65
    • 0032957195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo investigation of electron beam output factors versus size of square cutout
    • Zhang G G, Rogers D W O, Cygler J E and Mackie T R 1999 Monte Carlo investigation of electron beam output factors versus size of square cutout Med. Phys. 26 743-50
    • (1999) Med. Phys. , vol.26 , pp. 743-750
    • Zhang, G.G.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2    Cygler, J.E.3    Mackie, T.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.