메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 2321-2341

Stopping-power ratios for clinical electron beams from a scatter-foil linear accelerator

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ELECTRON BEAM; ENERGY TRANSFER; LIGHT SCATTERING; LINEAR ACCELERATOR; PHANTOM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; SYSTEM ANALYSIS;

EID: 0032849750     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/44/9/317     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0021062111 scopus 로고
    • Task Group 21 Radiation Therapy Committee: A protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy photon and electron beams
    • AAPM (American Association of Physicists in Medicine) 1983 Task Group 21 Radiation Therapy Committee: a protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy photon and electron beams Med. Phys. 10 741-71
    • (1983) Med. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 741-771
  • 2
    • 0025975407 scopus 로고
    • Clinical electron-beam dosimetry: Report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 25
    • _1991 Clinical electron-beam dosimetry: report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 25 Med. Phys. 18 73-109
    • (1991) Med. Phys. , vol.18 , pp. 73-109
  • 3
    • 0242634482 scopus 로고
    • Stopping-power ratios for dosimetry
    • ed T M Jenkins, W R Nelson and A Rindi (New York: Plenum)
    • Andreo P 1988 Stopping-power ratios for dosimetry Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons ed T M Jenkins, W R Nelson and A Rindi (New York: Plenum) pp 485-501
    • (1988) Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons , pp. 485-501
    • Andreo, P.1
  • 4
    • 0019375531 scopus 로고
    • Mean energy in electron beams
    • Andreo P and Brahme A 1981 Mean energy in electron beams Med. Phys. 8 682-7
    • (1981) Med. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 682-687
    • Andreo, P.1    Brahme, A.2
  • 5
    • 0024333931 scopus 로고
    • Influence of energy and angular spread on stopping-power ratios for electron beams
    • Andreo P, Brahme A, Nahum A E and Mattsson O 1989 Influence of energy and angular spread on stopping-power ratios for electron beams Phys. Med. Biol. 34 751-68
    • (1989) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 751-768
    • Andreo, P.1    Brahme, A.2    Nahum, A.E.3    Mattsson, O.4
  • 6
    • 0024313514 scopus 로고
    • Stopping-power ratios and their uncertainties for clinical electron beam dosimetry
    • Andreo P and Fransson A 1989 Stopping-power ratios and their uncertainties for clinical electron beam dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 34 1847-61
    • (1989) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 1847-1861
    • Andreo, P.1    Fransson, A.2
  • 7
    • 0027243787 scopus 로고
    • Experimental verification of a three-dimensional dose calculation algorithm using a specially designed heterogeneous phantom
    • Ayyangar K, Palta J R, Sweet J W and Suthharalingam N 1993 Experimental verification of a three-dimensional dose calculation algorithm using a specially designed heterogeneous phantom Med. Phys. 20 325-9
    • (1993) Med. Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 325-329
    • Ayyangar, K.1    Palta, J.R.2    Sweet, J.W.3    Suthharalingam, N.4
  • 8
    • 0040981794 scopus 로고
    • Electron stopping powers for transport calculations
    • ed T M Jenkins, W R Nelson and A Rindi (New York: Plenum)
    • Berger M J 1987 Electron stopping powers for transport calculations Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons ed T M Jenkins, W R Nelson and A Rindi (New York: Plenum) pp 57-80
    • (1987) Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons , pp. 57-80
    • Berger, M.J.1
  • 9
    • 0023138959 scopus 로고
    • PRESTA: The parameter reduced electron-step algorithm for electron Monte Carlo Transport
    • Bielajew A F and Rogers DWO 1987 PRESTA: the parameter reduced electron-step algorithm for electron Monte Carlo Transport Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 18 165-81
    • (1987) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B , vol.18 , pp. 165-181
    • Bielajew, A.F.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 11
    • 0000385449 scopus 로고
    • On the alpha particles of radium and their loss of range in passing through various atoms and molecules
    • Bragg W H and Kleeman R 1905 On the alpha particles of radium and their loss of range in passing through various atoms and molecules Phil. Mag. 10 318
    • (1905) Phil. Mag. , vol.10 , pp. 318
    • Bragg, W.H.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 12
    • 84966336838 scopus 로고
    • Electron transport phenomena and absorbed dose distribution in therapeutic electron beams
    • Rio de Janeiro: International Congress of Radiology
    • Brahme A 1977 Electron transport phenomena and absorbed dose distribution in therapeutic electron beams Book of Abstracts XIV (Rio de Janeiro: International Congress of Radiology) p 198
    • (1977) Book of Abstracts XIV , pp. 198
    • Brahme, A.1
  • 13
    • 0009739226 scopus 로고
    • Cavity ion chamber theory
    • Burch P R J 1955 Cavity ion chamber theory Radial. Res. 3 361-78
    • (1955) Radial. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 361-378
    • Burch, P.R.J.1
  • 14
    • 0009673592 scopus 로고
    • Comment on recent cavity ionization theories
    • _1957 Comment on recent cavity ionization theories Radial. Res. 6 79-84
    • (1957) Radial. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 79-84
  • 15
    • 0013956540 scopus 로고
    • A general theory of cavity ionization
    • Burlin T E 1966 A general theory of cavity ionization Br. J. Radiol. 39 727-34
    • (1966) Br. J. Radiol. , vol.39 , pp. 727-734
    • Burlin, T.E.1
  • 16
    • 0001458835 scopus 로고
    • Cavity-chamber theory
    • ed F H Attix and W C Roesch (New York: Academic)
    • _1968 Cavity-chamber theory Radiation Dosimetry vol I ed F H Attix and W C Roesch (New York: Academic) pp 331-92
    • (1968) Radiation Dosimetry , vol.1 , pp. 331-392
  • 17
    • 0344273248 scopus 로고
    • The application of general cavity ionization theory to the dosimetry of electron fields
    • Burlin T E, Snelling R J and Owen B 1969 The application of general cavity ionization theory to the dosimetry of electron fields Proc. 2nd Symp. on Microdosimetry pp 455-71
    • (1969) Proc. 2nd Symp. on Microdosimetry , pp. 455-471
    • Burlin, T.E.1    Snelling, R.J.2    Owen, B.3
  • 18
    • 0029665664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 50 as a beam quality specifier for selecting stopping-power ratios and reference depths for electron dosimetry
    • 50 as a beam quality specifier for selecting stopping-power ratios and reference depths for electron dosimetry Med. Phys. 23 383-8
    • (1996) Med. Phys. , vol.23 , pp. 383-388
    • Burns, D.T.1    Ding, G.X.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3
  • 19
    • 0004031306 scopus 로고
    • Energy, spectra, angular spread and dose distributions of electron beams from various accelerators used in radiotherapy
    • Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada
    • Ding G X and Rogers DWO 1995 Energy, spectra, angular spread and dose distributions of electron beams from various accelerators used in radiotherapy NRCC Report PIRS-0439 (Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada)
    • (1995) NRCC Report PIRS-0439
    • Ding, G.X.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 20
    • 0029001670 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of stopping-power ratios using realistic clinical electron beams
    • Ding G X, Rogers DWO and Mackie T R 1995 Calculation of stopping-power ratios using realistic clinical electron beams Med. Phys. 22 489-501
    • (1995) Med. Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 489-501
    • Ding, G.X.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2    Mackie, T.R.3
  • 21
    • 0029960079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean energy, energy-range relationships and depth-scaling factors for clinical electron beams
    • _1996 Mean energy, energy-range relationships and depth-scaling factors for clinical electron beams Med. Phys. 23 361-75
    • (1996) Med. Phys. , vol.23 , pp. 361-375
  • 22
    • 0003702166 scopus 로고
    • Use of iCRU-37/NBS collision stopping powers in the EGs4 system
    • Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada
    • Duane S, Bielajew A F and Rogers D W O 1989 Use of ICRU-37/NBS Collision stopping powers in the EGS4 system NRCC Report PIRS-0177 (Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada)
    • (1989) NRCC Report PIRS-0177
    • Duane, S.1    Bielajew, A.F.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3
  • 23
    • 0026717399 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of film and thermoluminescent dosimetry of high-energy electron beams in heterogeneous media
    • El-Khatib E, Antolak J and Scrimger J 1992 Evaluation of film and thermoluminescent dosimetry of high-energy electron beams in heterogeneous media Med. Phys. 19 317-23
    • (1992) Med. Phys. , vol.19 , pp. 317-323
    • El-Khatib, E.1    Antolak, J.2    Scrimger, J.3
  • 24
    • 0026782828 scopus 로고
    • Conversion of ionization measurements to radiation absorbed dose in non-water density material
    • El-Khatib E and Connors S 1992 Conversion of ionization measurements to radiation absorbed dose in non-water density material Phys. Med. Biol. 37 2083-94
    • (1992) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.37 , pp. 2083-2094
    • El-Khatib, E.1    Connors, S.2
  • 25
    • 0029741147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detour factors in water and plastic phantoms and their use for range and depth-dose scaling in electron beam dosimetry
    • Fernandez-Varea J M, Andreo P and Tabata T 1996 Detour factors in water and plastic phantoms and their use for range and depth-dose scaling in electron beam dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 41 119-39
    • (1996) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 119-139
    • Fernandez-Varea, J.M.1    Andreo, P.2    Tabata, T.3
  • 26
    • 0000714578 scopus 로고
    • An ionization method for the absolute measurement of γ-ray energy
    • Gray L H 1936 An ionization method for the absolute measurement of γ-ray energy Proc. R. Soc. A 156 578-96
    • (1936) Proc. R. Soc. A , vol.156 , pp. 578-596
    • Gray, L.H.1
  • 27
    • 0024598854 scopus 로고
    • Electron beam absorption in solid and in water phantoms: Depth scaling and energy-range relations
    • Grosswendt B and Roos M 1989 Electron beam absorption in solid and in water phantoms: depth scaling and energy-range relations Phys. Med. Biol. 34 509-18
    • (1989) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 509-518
    • Grosswendt, B.1    Roos, M.2
  • 28
    • 0011290759 scopus 로고
    • Berechnung der energiedosis aus ionisationsmessungen bei sekundarelektronen-gleichgewicht
    • ed A Zuppinger and G Poretti (Berlin: Springer)
    • Harder D 1965 Berechnung der energiedosis aus ionisationsmessungen bei sekundarelektronen-gleichgewicht Symposium on High-Energy Electrons ed A Zuppinger and G Poretti (Berlin: Springer)
    • (1965) Symposium on High-Energy Electrons
    • Harder, D.1
  • 29
    • 0014374068 scopus 로고
    • Einfluss der vielfachstreuung von elektronen auf die ionisation in gas-gefullten Hohlraumen
    • _1968 Einfluss der Vielfachstreuung von Elektronen auf die Ionisation in gas-gefullten Hohlraumen Biophysik 5 157-64
    • (1968) Biophysik , vol.5 , pp. 157-164
  • 31
    • 0016732179 scopus 로고
    • Energy dependence of the response of LiF TLD rods in high energy electron fields
    • Holt J G, Edelstein G R and Clark T E 1975 Energy dependence of the response of LiF TLD rods in high energy electron fields Phys. Med. Biol. 20 559-70
    • (1975) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 559-570
    • Holt, J.G.1    Edelstein, G.R.2    Clark, T.E.3
  • 32
    • 0003484991 scopus 로고
    • Absorbed dose determination in photon and electron beams, an international code of practice for dosimetry
    • Vienna: IAEA
    • IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 1987 Absorbed dose determination in photon and electron beams, an international code of practice for dosimetry IAEA Technical Report Series 277 (Vienna: IAEA)
    • (1987) IAEA Technical Report Series , vol.277
  • 33
    • 0003680969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of plane parallel ionization chambers in high energy electron and photon beams, an international code of practice for dosimetry
    • Vienna: IAEA
    • _1997 The use of plane parallel ionization chambers in high energy electron and photon beams, an international code of practice for dosimetry IAEA Technical Report Series 381 (Vienna: IAEA)
    • (1997) IAEA Technical Report Series , vol.381
  • 34
    • 0003639048 scopus 로고
    • Radiation dosimetry: Electron beams with energies between 1 and 50 MeV
    • Bethesda, MD: ICRU
    • ICRU 1984a Radiation dosimetry: electron beams with energies between 1 and 50 MeV ICRU Report 35 (Bethesda, MD: ICRU)
    • (1984) ICRU Report , vol.35
  • 35
    • 71749085545 scopus 로고
    • Stopping powers for electrons and positrons
    • Bethesda, MD: ICRU
    • _1984b Stopping powers for electrons and positrons ICRU Report 37 (Bethesda, MD: ICRU)
    • (1984) ICRU Report , vol.37
  • 36
    • 0031766241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam output factors for a medical linear accelerator
    • Kapur A, Ma C-M, Mok E C, Findley D O and Boyer A L 1998 Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam output factors for a medical linear accelerator Phys. Med. Biol. 43 3479-94
    • (1998) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.43 , pp. 3479-3494
    • Kapur, A.1    Ma, C.-M.2    Mok, E.C.3    Findley, D.O.4    Boyer, A.L.5
  • 37
    • 0028240949 scopus 로고
    • An algorithm to include the bremsstrahlung contamination in the determination of the absorbed dose in electron beams
    • Klevenhagen S C 1994 An algorithm to include the bremsstrahlung contamination in the determination of the absorbed dose in electron beams Phys. Med. Biol. 39 1103-12
    • (1994) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.39 , pp. 1103-1112
    • Klevenhagen, S.C.1
  • 38
    • 0009366949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of small-field electron beam dosimetry using Monte Carlo simulation
    • ed D D Leavitt and G Starkschall (Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publishing)
    • Ma C-M, Mok E, Kapur A and Findley D 1997 Improvement of small-field electron beam dosimetry using Monte Carlo simulation Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on the use of Computers in Radiation Therapy ed D D Leavitt and G Starkschall (Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publishing) pp 159-62
    • (1997) Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy , pp. 159-162
    • Ma, C.-M.1    Mok, E.2    Kapur, A.3    Findley, D.4
  • 39
    • 0006125096 scopus 로고
    • Plane parallel.Chambers in electron beams: Monte Carlo findings on the perturbation factor
    • Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency
    • Ma C-M and Nahum A E 1994 Plane parallel.chambers in electron beams: Monte Carlo findings on the perturbation factor Proc. Int. Symp. on Measurement Assurance in Dosimetry (Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency) pp 481-93
    • (1994) Proc. Int. Symp. on Measurement Assurance in Dosimetry , pp. 481-493
    • Ma, C.-M.1    Nahum, A.E.2
  • 41
    • 0000763883 scopus 로고
    • Applications of the Monte Carlo method in radiotherapy
    • ed K R Kase, B E Bjarngard and F H Attix (New York: Academic)
    • Mackie T R 1990 Applications of the Monte Carlo method in radiotherapy The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation vol III ed K R Kase, B E Bjarngard and F H Attix (New York: Academic) pp 541-620
    • (1990) The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation , vol.3 , pp. 541-620
    • Mackie, T.R.1
  • 42
    • 0025788191 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of water/air stopping-power ratios using EGS4 with explicit treatment of electron-positron differences
    • Malamut C, Rogers DWO and Bielajew A F 1991 Calculation of water/air stopping-power ratios using EGS4 with explicit treatment of electron-positron differences Med. Phys. 18 1222-8
    • (1991) Med. Phys. , vol.18 , pp. 1222-1228
    • Malamut, C.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2    Bielajew, A.F.3
  • 44
    • 0017871253 scopus 로고
    • Water/air mass stopping power ratios for megavoltage photon and electron beams
    • Nahum A E 1978 Water/air mass stopping power ratios for megavoltage photon and electron beams Phys. Med. Biol. 23 24-38
    • (1978) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 24-38
    • Nahum, A.E.1
  • 45
    • 0002084046 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of dosimeter response and interface effects
    • ed T M Jenkins, W R Nelson and A Rindi (New York: Plenum)
    • _1987 Simulation of dosimeter response and interface effects Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons ed T M Jenkins, W R Nelson and A Rindi (New York: Plenum) pp 523-47
    • (1987) Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons , pp. 523-547
  • 46
    • 0001853779 scopus 로고
    • The EGS4 code system
    • Stanford, CA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
    • Nelson W R, Hirayama H and Rogers D W O 1985 The EGS4 code system SLAC Report 265 (Stanford, CA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center)
    • (1985) SLAC Report , vol.265
    • Nelson, W.R.1    Hirayama, H.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3
  • 48
    • 0017748733 scopus 로고
    • Monte carlo calculations of the energy response of lithium dosemeters to high energy electrons (<30 MeV)
    • O'Brien 1977 Monte Carlo calculations of the energy response of lithium dosemeters to high energy electrons (<30 MeV) Phys. Med. Biol. 22 836-51
    • (1977) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 836-851
  • 49
    • 0022403616 scopus 로고
    • A proposed modification of cavity theory for electrons
    • Ogunleye O T and Paliwal B R 1985 A proposed modification of cavity theory for electrons Health Phys. 49 937-44
    • (1985) Health Phys. , vol.49 , pp. 937-944
    • Ogunleye, O.T.1    Paliwal, B.R.2
  • 51
    • 0024502333 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of absorbed dose in bone substitute material and water using ionization measurements
    • Prasad S C and Bassano D A 1989 Comparison of absorbed dose in bone substitute material and water using ionization measurements Med. Phys. 16 81-3
    • (1989) Med. Phys. , vol.16 , pp. 81-83
    • Prasad, S.C.1    Bassano, D.A.2
  • 52
    • 0021614696 scopus 로고
    • Low energy electron transport with EGS
    • Rogers DWO 1984 Low energy electron transport with EGS Nucl. Instrum. Methods 227 535-48
    • (1984) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.227 , pp. 535-548
    • Rogers, D.W.O.1
  • 53
    • 0022454266 scopus 로고
    • Differences in electron depth dose curves calculated with EGS and ETRAN and improved energy range relationships
    • Rogers D W O and Bielajew AF 1986 Differences in electron depth dose curves calculated with EGS and ETRAN and improved energy range relationships Med. Phys. 13 687-94
    • (1986) Med. Phys. , vol.13 , pp. 687-694
    • Rogers, D.W.O.1    Bielajew, A.F.2
  • 54
    • 0001041567 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo techniques of electron and photon transport for radiation dosimetry
    • ed K R Kase, B E Bjarngard and F H Attix (New York: Academic)
    • _1990 Monte Carlo techniques of electron and photon transport for radiation dosimetry The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation vol III, ed K R Kase, B E Bjarngard and F H Attix (New York: Academic) pp 427-539
    • (1990) The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation , vol.3 , pp. 427-539
  • 56
    • 0025938356 scopus 로고
    • Electron-photon Monte Carlo calculations: The ETRAN code
    • Seltzer S M 1991 Electron-photon Monte Carlo calculations: the ETRAN code Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42 917-41
    • (1991) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.42 , pp. 917-941
    • Seltzer, S.M.1
  • 57
    • 0021723523 scopus 로고
    • Dosimetry of small fields for Therac 20 electron beams
    • Sharma S C, Wilson D L and Jose B 1984 Dosimetry of small fields for Therac 20 electron beams Med. Phys. 11 697-702
    • (1984) Med. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 697-702
    • Sharma, S.C.1    Wilson, D.L.2    Jose, B.3
  • 59
    • 0344273242 scopus 로고
    • Depth dose of electrons from the betatron
    • Skaggs L S 1949 Depth dose of electrons from the betatron Radiology 53 868-73
    • (1949) Radiology , vol.53 , pp. 868-873
    • Skaggs, L.S.1
  • 60
    • 0028237817 scopus 로고
    • An accurate energy-range relationship for high-energy electron beams in arbitrary materials
    • Sorcini B B and Brahme A 1994 An accurate energy-range relationship for high-energy electron beams in arbitrary materials Phys. Med. Biol. 39 795-11
    • (1994) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.39 , pp. 795-811
    • Sorcini, B.B.1    Brahme, A.2
  • 61
    • 0001512274 scopus 로고
    • A theory of cavity ionization
    • Spencer L V and Attix F H 1955 A theory of cavity ionization Radiat. Res. 3 239-54
    • (1955) Radiat. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 239-254
    • Spencer, L.V.1    Attix, F.H.2
  • 62
    • 0000041321 scopus 로고
    • Density effect for the ionization loss of charged particles in various substances
    • Sternheimer R M, Seltzer S M and Berger M J 1982 Density effect for the ionization loss of charged particles in various substances Phys. Rev. B 26 6067
    • (1982) Phys. Rev. B , vol.26 , pp. 6067
    • Sternheimer, R.M.1    Seltzer, S.M.2    Berger, M.J.3
  • 63
    • 0017692845 scopus 로고
    • Epoxy resin based tissue substitutes br
    • White D R, Martin R J and Darlison R 1977 Epoxy resin based tissue substitutes Br. J. Radiol. 50 814-21
    • (1977) J. Radiol. , vol.50 , pp. 814-821
    • White, D.R.1    Martin, R.J.2    Darlison, R.3
  • 64
    • 0018125662 scopus 로고
    • Tissue substitutes in experimental radiation physics
    • White D R 1978 Tissue substitutes in experimental radiation physics Med. Phys. 5 467-79
    • (1978) Med. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 467-479
    • White, D.R.1
  • 65
    • 0031657022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of changes in stopping-power ratios with field size on electron beam relative output factors
    • Zhang G G, Rogers D W O , Cygler J E and Mackie T R 1998 Effects of changes in stopping-power ratios with field size on electron beam relative output factors Med. Phys. 25 1711-16
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 1711-1716
    • Zhang, G.G.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2    Cygler, J.E.3    Mackie, T.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.