Racial perceptions of young children: A review of literature post-1999

Early Childhood Education Journal

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 201-207

  Cristol, Dean ^a   Gimbert, Belinda ^b  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Diversity; Multicultural education; Racial awareness; Racism

Indexed keywords

EID: 56749152475     PISSN: 10823301     EISSN: 15731707     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10643-008-0251-6     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aboud, F. E. (1988). Children and prejudice. New York: Blackwell.
2. F. E. Aboud 2003 The formation of in-group favoritism and out-group prejudice in young children: Are they distinct attitudes? Developmental Psychology 39 1 48 60
3. Aboud, F. E., & Amato, M. (2001). Developmental and socialization influences on intergroup bias. In R. Brown & S. Gaertner (Eds.), Blackwell's handbook of social psychology (pp. 65-85). Boston: Blackwell.
4. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
5. D. R. Anderson A. T. Clark 1978 A comparison of conservation training procedures Psychological Reports 43 495 499
6. M. Augoustinos D. L. Roseware 2001 Stereotype knowledge and prejudice in children British Journal of Developmental Psychology 19 143 156
7. M. R. Banaji A. G. Greenwald 1995 Implicit gender stereotyping in judgments of fame Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 2 18 1 198
8. Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. A. M. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of research on multicultural education (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
9. D. Bar-Tal 1996 Development of social categories and stereotypes in early childhood: The case of "the Arab" concept formation, stereotype and attitudes by Jewish children in Israel International Journal of Intercultural Relations 20 341 370
10. J. Bernstein T. S. Zimmerman R. J. Werner-Wilson J. Vosburg 2000 Preschool children's classification skills and a multicultural education intervention to promote acceptance of ethnic diversity Journal of Research in Childhood Education 14 2 181 192
11. R. S. Bigler 1999 The use of multicultural curricula and materials to counter racism in children Journal of Social Issues 55 4 687 705
12. R. S. Bigler L. S. Liben 1993 A cognitive-developmental approach to racial stereotyping and reconstructive memory in Euro-American children Child Development 64 1507 1519
13. E. S. Bogardus 1930 A race-relations cycle The American Journal of Sociology 35 4 612 617
14. C. J. Brainerd 1976 Does prior knowledge of the compensation rule increase susceptibility to conservation training? Developmental Psychology 12 1 5
15. M. B. Brewer 1999 The psychology of prejudice: In-group love or out-group hate? Journal of Social Issues 55 429 444
16. Clark, K. B., & Clark, M. K. (1947). Racial identification and preference in Negro children. In T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 169-178). London: Methuen.
17. L. A. Cook 1947 Intergroup education Review of Educational Research 17 4 266 278
18. Derman-Sparks, L., & ABC Task Force. (1989). Anti-bias curriculum: Tools for empowering young children. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.
19. J. Dollard 1938 Hostility and fear in social life Social Forces 17 1 15 26
20. A. B. Doyle J. Beaudet F. E. Aboud 1988 Developmental patterns in the flexibility of children's ethnic attitudes Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 19 3 18
21. Y. Dunham A. S. Baron M. R. Banaji 2006 From American city to Japanese village: A cross-cultural investigation of implicit race attitudes Child Development 77 5 1268 1281
22. Fishbein, H. D. (2002). Peer prejudice and discrimination: The origins of prejudice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
23. C. Golomb S. Bonen 1981 Playing games of make-believe: The effectiveness of symbolic play training with children who failed to benefit from early conservation training Genetic Psychology Monographs 104 137 159
24. M. E. Goodman 1946 Evidence concerning the genesis of interracial attitudes American Anthropologist 48 4 624 630
25. Goodman, M. (1952). Race awareness in young children. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
26. Grant, C. A., & Agosto, V. (2006). What are we Tripping on? Transgressing the fault lines in research. In C. F. Conrad & R. C. Serlin (Eds.), The Sage handbook for research in education: Engaging ideas and enriching inquiry (pp. 97-115). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
27. E. L. Hartley 1944 Psychological investigations and the modification of racial attitudes The Journal of Negro Education 13 3 287 294
28. E. Helgerson 1943 The relative significance of race, sex, and facial expression in choice of playmate by the preschool child The Journal of Negro Education 12 4 617 622
29. E. L. Horowitz R. E. Horowitz 1938 Development of social attitudes in children Sociometry 1 3/4 301 338
30. J. Hraba G. Grant 1970 Black is beautiful: A reexamination of racial preference and identification Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16 3 398 402
31. Katz, P. A. (1976). The acquisition of racial attitudes in children. In P. A. Katz (Ed.), Towards the elimination of racism (pp. 125-154). New York: Pergamon Press.
32. Katz, P. A. (1983). Developmental foundations of gender and racial attitudes. In R. Leahy (Ed.), The child's construction of social inequality (pp. 41-78). New York: Academic Press.
33. P. A. Katz 2003 Racists or tolerant multiculturalists? How do they begin? American Psychologist 58 11 897 909
34. Katz, P. A., & Downey, E. P. (2002). Infant categorization of race and gender cues. Unpublished manuscript. Boulder, CO: Institute for Research on Social Problems.
35. D. Kuhn 1974 Inducing development experimentally: Comments on the research program Developmental Psychology 10 590 600
36. Kutner, B. (1958). Patterns of mental functioning associated with prejudice in children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
37. J. K. Morland 1958 Racial recognition by nursery school children in Lynchburg, Virginia Social Forces 37 2 132 137
38. D. Nesdale K. Durkin A. Maass J. Griffiths 2005 Threat, group identification, and children's ethnic prejudice Social Development 14 189 205
39. D. Nesdale D. Flesser 2001 Social identity and the development of children's group attitudes Child Development 72 506 517
40. D. Nesdale A. Maas J. Griffiths K. Durkin 2003 Effects of in-group and out group ethnicity on children's attitudes towards members of the in-group and out-group British Journal of Developmental Psychology 21 177 192
41. D. Nesdale A. Maass K. Durkin J. Griffiths 2005 Group norms, threat, and children's racial prejudice Child Development 76 3 652 663
42. D. M. Perkins C. J. Mebert 2005 Efficacy of multicultural education for preschool children: A domain-specific approach Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 36 4 497 512
43. H. Powdermaker 1944 The anthropological approach to the problem of modifying race attitudes The Journal of Negro Education 13 3 295 302
44. P. G. Ramsey 1991 The salience of race in young children growing up in an all-White community Journal of Educational Psychology 83 1 28 34
45. A. Rutland L. Cameron A. Milne P. McGeorge 2005 Social norms and self-presentation: Children's implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes Child Development 76 2 451 466
46. M. Smith 1939 A study of change of attitudes toward the negro The Journal of Negro Education 8 1 64 70
47. L. R. Tropp S. C. Wright 2003 Evaluations and perceptions of self, ingroup, and outgroup: Comparisons between Mexican-American and European-American children Self and Identity 2 203 221