메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 16, 2008, Pages 2801-2816

Pharmacotherapy of yeast infections

Author keywords

Amphotericin B; Azole; Candida spp.; Cryptococcus neoformans; Echinocandins; Pathogenic yeast; Pharmacotherapy

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B CHOLESTEROL SULFATE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANIDULAFUNGIN; CASPOFUNGIN; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE; ITRACONAZOLE; NYSTATIN; POSACONAZOLE; VORICONAZOLE;

EID: 56749091426     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.16.2801     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 56749148141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard
    • 3rd edition, Wayne, PA, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
    • Rex JH, Alexander BA, Andes D, et al. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard. 3rd edition. CLSI Document M27-A3. 2008. Wayne, PA, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
    • (2008) CLSI Document
    • Rex, J.H.1    Alexander, B.A.2    Andes, D.3
  • 2
    • 40549124325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing EUCAST, EUCAST definitive document EDef 7.1: method for the determination of broth dilution MICs of antifungal agents for fermentative yeast. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008;14:398-405
    • Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST): EUCAST definitive document EDef 7.1: method for the determination of broth dilution MICs of antifungal agents for fermentative yeast. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008;14:398-405
  • 3
    • 0344630224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis induced by environmental stresses and amphotericin B in Candida albicans
    • Phillips AJ, Sudbery I, Ramsdale M. Apoptosis induced by environmental stresses and amphotericin B in Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:14327-32
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 14327-14332
    • Phillips, A.J.1    Sudbery, I.2    Ramsdale, M.3
  • 4
    • 0033635092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of serum albumin on the aggregation state and toxicity of amphotericin B
    • Aramwit P, Yu BG, Lavasanifar A, et al. The effect of serum albumin on the aggregation state and toxicity of amphotericin B. J Pharm Sci 2000;89:1589-93
    • (2000) J Pharm Sci , vol.89 , pp. 1589-1593
    • Aramwit, P.1    Yu, B.G.2    Lavasanifar, A.3
  • 5
    • 0036178458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the lipid formulations of amphotericin B
    • Dupont B. Overview of the lipid formulations of amphotericin B. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;49(Suppl 1):31-6
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 31-36
    • Dupont, B.1
  • 6
    • 33644661057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3,378 Spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi
    • Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Mellado E, et al. Head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3,378 Spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:917-21
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 917-921
    • Cuenca-Estrella, M.1    Gomez-Lopez, A.2    Mellado, E.3
  • 7
    • 0742299199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis
    • Pappas PG, Rex JH, Sobel JD, et al. Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:161-89
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 161-189
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Rex, J.H.2    Sobel, J.D.3
  • 8
    • 0033667327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activity of a liposomal nystatin formulation (Nyotran) against Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Alonso-Vargas R, Gonzalez-Alvarez L, Ruesga MT, et al. In vitro activity of a liposomal nystatin formulation (Nyotran) against Cryptococcus neoformans. Rev Iberoam Micol 2000;17:90-2
    • (2000) Rev Iberoam Micol , vol.17 , pp. 90-92
    • Alonso-Vargas, R.1    Gonzalez-Alvarez, L.2    Ruesga, M.T.3
  • 10
    • 20044386681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of bloodstream isolates of Canditda species to six antifungal agents: Results from a population-based active surveillance programme, Barcelona, Spain, 2002-2003
    • s
    • Cuenca-Estrella M, Rodriguez D, Almirante B, et al. In vitro susceptibilities of bloodstream isolates of Canditda species to six antifungal agents: results from a population-based active surveillance programme, Barcelona, Spain, 2002-2003. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;s:194-9
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , pp. 194-199
    • Cuenca-Estrella, M.1    Rodriguez, D.2    Almirante, B.3
  • 11
    • 0035503203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter trial of voriconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients
    • Ally R, Schurmann D, Kreisel W, et al. A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter trial of voriconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1447-54
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 1447-1454
    • Ally, R.1    Schurmann, D.2    Kreisel, W.3
  • 12
    • 40449105146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reviews of anti-infective agents: Posaconazole: a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent
    • Nagappan V, Deresinski S. Reviews of anti-infective agents: posaconazole: a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:1610-7
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 1610-1617
    • Nagappan, V.1    Deresinski, S.2
  • 13
    • 4644262187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newer systemic antifungal agents: Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy
    • Boucher HW, Groll AH, Chiou CC, Walsh TJ. Newer systemic antifungal agents: pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. Drugs 2004;64:1997-2020
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , pp. 1997-2020
    • Boucher, H.W.1    Groll, A.H.2    Chiou, C.C.3    Walsh, T.J.4
  • 14
    • 0141863188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echinocandin antifungal drugs
    • Denning DW. Echinocandin antifungal drugs. Lancet 2003;362:1142-51
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1142-1151
    • Denning, D.W.1
  • 15
    • 0033869563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flucytosine: A review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactions
    • Vermes A, Guchelaar HJ, Dankert J. Flucytosine: a review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactions. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46:171-9
    • (2000) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 171-179
    • Vermes, A.1    Guchelaar, H.J.2    Dankert, J.3
  • 16
    • 0036708351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing incidence of candidemia: Results from a 20-year nationwide study in Iceland
    • Asmundsdottir LR, Erlendsdottir H, Gottfredsson M. Increasing incidence of candidemia: results from a 20-year nationwide study in Iceland. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:3489-92
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 3489-3492
    • Asmundsdottir, L.R.1    Erlendsdottir, H.2    Gottfredsson, M.3
  • 17
    • 0032801225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: A three-year analysis
    • Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK, et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:239-44
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 239-244
    • Edmond, M.B.1    Wallace, S.E.2    McClish, D.K.3
  • 18
    • 0034834774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to Candida species: Frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN, et al. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to Candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:3254-9
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 3254-3259
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Jones, R.N.3
  • 19
    • 0031899916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National surveillance of nosocomial blood stream infection due to Candida albicans: Frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibility in the SCOPE Program
    • Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Messer SA, et al. National surveillance of nosocomial blood stream infection due to Candida albicans: frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibility in the SCOPE Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998;31:327-32
    • (1998) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 327-332
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Jones, R.N.2    Messer, S.A.3
  • 20
    • 0036301851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, treatment and outcome of candidemia: A five-year review at three Canadian hospitals
    • Macphail GL, Taylor GD, Buchanan-Chell M, et al. Epidemiology, treatment and outcome of candidemia: a five-year review at three Canadian hospitals. Mycoses 2002;45:141-5
    • (2002) Mycoses , vol.45 , pp. 141-145
    • Macphail, G.L.1    Taylor, G.D.2    Buchanan-Chell, M.3
  • 21
    • 0035116674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidemia before and during the fluconazole era: Prevalence, type of species and approach to treatment in a tertiary care community hospital
    • Baran J Jr, Muckatira B, Khatib R. Candidemia before and during the fluconazole era: prevalence, type of species and approach to treatment in a tertiary care community hospital. Scand J Infect Dis 2001;33:137-9
    • (2001) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 137-139
    • Baran Jr, J.1    Muckatira, B.2    Khatib, R.3
  • 22
    • 0036204095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of candidemia: 3-year results from the emerging infections and the epidemiology of Iowa organisms study
    • Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Brueggemann AB, et al. Epidemiology of candidemia: 3-year results from the emerging infections and the epidemiology of Iowa organisms study. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:1298-302
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 1298-1302
    • Diekema, D.J.1    Messer, S.A.2    Brueggemann, A.B.3
  • 23
    • 0036720774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trend of hospital-acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the United States during 1989-1999
    • Trick WE, Fridkin SK, Edwards JR, et al. Secular trend of hospital-acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the United States during 1989-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:627-30
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 627-630
    • Trick, W.E.1    Fridkin, S.K.2    Edwards, J.R.3
  • 24
    • 0036364176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in prevalence of nosocomial non-Candida albicans candidaemia and the association of Candida krusei with fluconazole use
    • Hope W, Morton A, Eisen DP. Increase in prevalence of nosocomial non-Candida albicans candidaemia and the association of Candida krusei with fluconazole use. J Hosp Infect 2002;50:56-65
    • (2002) J Hosp Infect , vol.50 , pp. 56-65
    • Hope, W.1    Morton, A.2    Eisen, D.P.3
  • 25
    • 52049116112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: Candida glabrata and Candida krusei as the leading causes of candidemia in hematologic malignancy
    • Hachem R, Hanna H, Kontoyiannis D, et al. The changing epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: Candida glabrata and Candida krusei as the leading causes of candidemia in hematologic malignancy. Cancer 2008;112:2493-9
    • (2008) Cancer , vol.112 , pp. 2493-2499
    • Hachem, R.1    Hanna, H.2    Kontoyiannis, D.3
  • 26
    • 42649102359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of systemic flungal infections
    • Richardson M, Lass-Florl C. Changing epidemiology of systemic flungal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008;14(Suppl 4):5-24
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 5-24
    • Richardson, M.1    Lass-Florl, C.2
  • 27
    • 23744445171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Candida nivariensis sp. nov., a possible new opportunistic fungus
    • Alcoba-Florez J, Mendez-Alvarez S, Cano J, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Candida nivariensis sp. nov., a possible new opportunistic fungus. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:4107-11
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 4107-4111
    • Alcoba-Florez, J.1    Mendez-Alvarez, S.2    Cano, J.3
  • 28
    • 31144437898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida bracarensis sp. nov., a novel anamorphic yeast species phenotypically similar to Candida glabrata
    • Correia A, Sampaio P, James S, Pais C. Candida bracarensis sp. nov., a novel anamorphic yeast species phenotypically similar to Candida glabrata. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006;56:313-7
    • (2006) Int J Syst Evol Microbiol , vol.56 , pp. 313-317
    • Correia, A.1    Sampaio, P.2    James, S.3    Pais, C.4
  • 29
    • 0029100965 scopus 로고
    • Candida dubliniensis sp. nov.: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals
    • Sullivan DJ, Westerneng TJ, Haynes KA, et al. Candida dubliniensis sp. nov.: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals. Microbiology 1995;141(Part 7):1507-21
    • (1995) Microbiology , vol.141 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1507-1521
    • Sullivan, D.J.1    Westerneng, T.J.2    Haynes, K.A.3
  • 30
    • 11844300413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis spp. nov. to replace Candida parapsilosis groups II and III
    • Tavanti A, Davidson AD, Gow NA, et al. Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis spp. nov. to replace Candida parapsilosis groups II and III. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:284-92
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 284-292
    • Tavanti, A.1    Davidson, A.D.2    Gow, N.A.3
  • 31
    • 42049116513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: Results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain
    • Gomez-Lopez A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Rodriguez D, et al. Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:1506-9
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 1506-1509
    • Gomez-Lopez, A.1    Alastruey-Izquierdo, A.2    Rodriguez, D.3
  • 32
    • 3142783493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in the susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida glabrata to seven systemically active antifungal agents: A global assessment from the ARTEMIS Antifungal Surveillance Program conducted in 2001 and 2002
    • Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, et al. Geographic variation in the susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida glabrata to seven systemically active antifungal agents: a global assessment from the ARTEMIS Antifungal Surveillance Program conducted in 2001 and 2002. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:3142-6
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 3142-3146
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Messer, S.A.2    Boyken, L.3
  • 33
    • 30744462355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study: A 6.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida and other yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole by standardized disk diffusion testing
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Rinaldi MG, et al. Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study: a 6.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida and other yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole by standardized disk diffusion testing. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:5848-59
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 5848-5859
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Rinaldi, M.G.3
  • 34
    • 42149158264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kabbara N, Lacroix C, De Latour RP, et al. Breakthrough C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii blood stream infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving long-term caspofungin therapy. Haematologica 2008;93:639-40
    • Kabbara N, Lacroix C, De Latour RP, et al. Breakthrough C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii blood stream infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving long-term caspofungin therapy. Haematologica 2008;93:639-40
  • 35
    • 46249106060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility
    • Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, et al. A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:2305-12
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 2305-2312
    • Garcia-Effron, G.1    Katiyar, S.K.2    Park, S.3
  • 36
    • 38749151566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing incidence of Candida parapsilosis candidemia with caspofungin usage
    • Forrest GN, Weekes E, Johnson JK. Increasing incidence of Candida parapsilosis candidemia with caspofungin usage. J Infect 2008;56:126-9
    • (2008) J Infect , vol.56 , pp. 126-129
    • Forrest, G.N.1    Weekes, E.2    Johnson, J.K.3
  • 37
    • 38549163599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans versus non-albicans intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections: Differences in risk factors and outcome
    • Dimopoulos G, Ntziora F, Rachiotis G, et al. Candida albicans versus non-albicans intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections: differences in risk factors and outcome. Anesth Analg 2008;106:523-9
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.106 , pp. 523-529
    • Dimopoulos, G.1    Ntziora, F.2    Rachiotis, G.3
  • 38
    • 0037137576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis
    • Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C, et al. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:2020-9
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 2020-2029
    • Mora-Duarte, J.1    Betts, R.2    Rotstein, C.3
  • 39
    • 45749121533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glockner A, Cornely OA. Echinocandins in invasive candidiasis. Med Klin (Munich) 2008;103:397-405
    • Glockner A, Cornely OA. Echinocandins in invasive candidiasis. Med Klin (Munich) 2008;103:397-405
  • 40
    • 34247564562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: A phase III randomised double-blind trial
    • Kuse ER, Chetchotisakd P, Da Cunha CA, et al. Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: a phase III randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2007;369:1519-27
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1519-1527
    • Kuse, E.R.1    Chetchotisakd, P.2    Da Cunha, C.A.3
  • 41
    • 34250341787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis
    • Reboli AC, Rotstein C, Pappas PG, et al. Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2472-82
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2472-2482
    • Reboli, A.C.1    Rotstein, C.2    Pappas, P.G.3
  • 42
    • 34848928703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis
    • Pappas PG, Rotstein CM, Betts RF, et al. Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:883-93
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 883-893
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Rotstein, C.M.2    Betts, R.F.3
  • 43
    • 26944446579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voriconazole versus a regimen of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole for candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients: A randomised non-inferiority trial
    • Kullberg BJ, Sobel JD, Ruhnke M, et al. Voriconazole versus a regimen of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole for candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2005;366:1435-42
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1435-1442
    • Kullberg, B.J.1    Sobel, J.D.2    Ruhnke, M.3
  • 44
    • 33847042702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voriconazole: A review of its use in the management of invasive fungal infections
    • Scott LJ, Simpson D. Voriconazole: a review of its use in the management of invasive fungal infections. Drugs 2007;67:269-98
    • (2007) Drugs , vol.67 , pp. 269-298
    • Scott, L.J.1    Simpson, D.2
  • 45
    • 33644800448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Septic Candida krusei thrombophlebitis of inferior vena cava with persistent fungemia successfully treated by new antifungal agents
    • Pan SC, Hsieh SM, Chang SC, et al. Septic Candida krusei thrombophlebitis of inferior vena cava with persistent fungemia successfully treated by new antifungal agents. Med Mycol 2005;43:731-4
    • (2005) Med Mycol , vol.43 , pp. 731-734
    • Pan, S.C.1    Hsieh, S.M.2    Chang, S.C.3
  • 46
    • 39749116197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successfully treated Candida krusei infection of the lumbar spine with combined caspofungin/ posaconazole therapy
    • Schilling A, Seibold M, Mansmann V, Gleissner B. Successfully treated Candida krusei infection of the lumbar spine with combined caspofungin/ posaconazole therapy. Med Mycol 2008;46:79-83
    • (2008) Med Mycol , vol.46 , pp. 79-83
    • Schilling, A.1    Seibold, M.2    Mansmann, V.3    Gleissner, B.4
  • 47
    • 23744458321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal combination therapy: Clinical potential
    • Baddley JW, Pappas PG. Antifungal combination therapy: clinical potential. Drugs 2005;65:1461-80
    • (2005) Drugs , vol.65 , pp. 1461-1480
    • Baddley, J.W.1    Pappas, P.G.2
  • 49
    • 38649104145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posaconazole activity against Candida glabrata after exposure to caspofungin or amphotericin B
    • Spreghini E, Maida CM, Milici ME, et al. Posaconazole activity against Candida glabrata after exposure to caspofungin or amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:513-7
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 513-517
    • Spreghini, E.1    Maida, C.M.2    Milici, M.E.3
  • 50
    • 19544393368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspofungin in combination with amphotericin B against Candida glabrata
    • Barchiesi F, Spreghini E, Fothergill AW, et al. Caspofungin in combination with amphotericin B against Candida glabrata. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:2546-9
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 2546-2549
    • Barchiesi, F.1    Spreghini, E.2    Fothergill, A.W.3
  • 51
    • 33847610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspofungin in combination with amphotericin B against Candida parapsilosis
    • Barchiesi F, Spreghini E, Tomassetti S, et al. Caspofungin in combination with amphotericin B against Candida parapsilosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:941-5
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 941-945
    • Barchiesi, F.1    Spreghini, E.2    Tomassetti, S.3
  • 52
    • 33845372105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined antifungal therapy in a murine infection by Candida glabrata
    • Marine M, Serena C, Pastor FJ, Guarro J. Combined antifungal therapy in a murine infection by Candida glabrata. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58:1295-8
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , pp. 1295-1298
    • Marine, M.1    Serena, C.2    Pastor, F.J.3    Guarro, J.4
  • 53
    • 28844452426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Candida glabrata infection in immunosuppressed mice by using a combination of liposomal amphotericin B with caspofungin or micafungin
    • Olson JA, Adler-Moore JP, Smith PJ, Proffitt RT. Treatment of Candida glabrata infection in immunosuppressed mice by using a combination of liposomal amphotericin B with caspofungin or micafungin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:4895-902
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 4895-4902
    • Olson, J.A.1    Adler-Moore, J.P.2    Smith, P.J.3    Proffitt, R.T.4
  • 54
    • 8844219662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinations of antifungal agents in therapy - what value are they?
    • Cuenca-Estrella M. Combinations of antifungal agents in therapy - what value are they? J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;54:854-69
    • (2004) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 854-869
    • Cuenca-Estrella, M.1
  • 55
    • 0037508540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized and blinded multicenter trial of high-dose fluconazole plus placebo versus fluconazole plus amphotericin B as therapy for candidemia and its consequences in nonneutropenic subjects
    • Rex JH, Pappas PG, Karchmer AW, et al. A randomized and blinded multicenter trial of high-dose fluconazole plus placebo versus fluconazole plus amphotericin B as therapy for candidemia and its consequences in nonneutropenic subjects. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1221-8
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 1221-1228
    • Rex, J.H.1    Pappas, P.G.2    Karchmer, A.W.3
  • 56
    • 33646455866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin B alone versus in combination with an antibody-based inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive candidiasis
    • Pachl J, Svoboda P, Jacobs F, et al. A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin B alone versus in combination with an antibody-based inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1404-13
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1404-1413
    • Pachl, J.1    Svoboda, P.2    Jacobs, F.3
  • 57
    • 0026062881 scopus 로고
    • Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection
    • Schaberg DR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP. Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection. Am J Med 1991;91:S72-5
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91
    • Schaberg, D.R.1    Culver, D.H.2    Gaynes, R.P.3
  • 58
    • 0033980656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective multicenter surveillance study of funguria in hospitalized patients. The National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group
    • Kauffman CA, Vazquez JA, Sobel JD, et al. Prospective multicenter surveillance study of funguria in hospitalized patients. The National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:14-8
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 14-18
    • Kauffman, C.A.1    Vazquez, J.A.2    Sobel, J.D.3
  • 59
    • 34247553866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida urinary tract infections: Treatment options
    • Malani AN, Kauffman CA. Candida urinary tract infections: treatment options. Expert Rev Antiinfect Ther 2007;5:277-84
    • (2007) Expert Rev Antiinfect Ther , vol.5 , pp. 277-284
    • Malani, A.N.1    Kauffman, C.A.2
  • 61
    • 56749142660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talarmin JP, Boutoille D, Tattevin P, et al. Candida endocarditis: role of new antifungal agents. Mycoses 2008 May 21
    • Talarmin JP, Boutoille D, Tattevin P, et al. Candida endocarditis: role of new antifungal agents. Mycoses 2008 May 21
  • 63
    • 39349084676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in experimental hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis: Implications for echinocandin therapy in neonates
    • Hope WW, Mickiene D, Petraitis V, et al. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in experimental hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis: implications for echinocandin therapy in neonates. J Infect Dis 2008;197:163-71
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.197 , pp. 163-171
    • Hope, W.W.1    Mickiene, D.2    Petraitis, V.3
  • 64
    • 0021508607 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of oral Candida in irradiated head and neck cancer patients
    • Silverman S Jr, Luangjarmekorn L, Greenspan D. Occurrence of oral Candida in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. J Oral Med 1984;39:194-6
    • (1984) J Oral Med , vol.39 , pp. 194-196
    • Silverman Jr, S.1    Luangjarmekorn, L.2    Greenspan, D.3
  • 65
    • 0028901534 scopus 로고
    • Single oral dose fluconazole compared with conventional clotrimazole topical therapy of Candida vaginitis. Fluconazole Vaginitis Study Group
    • Sobel JD, Brooker D, Stein GE, et al. Single oral dose fluconazole compared with conventional clotrimazole topical therapy of Candida vaginitis. Fluconazole Vaginitis Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:1263-8
    • (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.172 , pp. 1263-1268
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Brooker, D.2    Stein, G.E.3
  • 66
    • 0034329510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sargramostim (rh-GM-CSF) as adjunctive treatment of fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with AIDS: A pilot study
    • Vazquez JA, Hidalgo JA, De Bono S. Use of sargramostim (rh-GM-CSF) as adjunctive treatment of fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with AIDS: a pilot study. HIV Clin Trials 2000;1:23-9
    • (2000) HIV Clin Trials , vol.1 , pp. 23-29
    • Vazquez, J.A.1    Hidalgo, J.A.2    De Bono, S.3
  • 67
    • 0027216060 scopus 로고
    • Oral Candida in HIV infection and AIDS: New perspectives/new approaches
    • Coleman DC, Bennett DE, Sullivan DJ, et al. Oral Candida in HIV infection and AIDS: new perspectives/new approaches. Crit Rev Microbiol 1993;19:61-82
    • (1993) Crit Rev Microbiol , vol.19 , pp. 61-82
    • Coleman, D.C.1    Bennett, D.E.2    Sullivan, D.J.3
  • 68
    • 33645782259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter randomized trial evaluating posaconazole versus fluconazole for the treatment of otopharyngeal candidiasis in subjects with HIV/AIDS
    • Vazquez JA, Skiest DJ, Nieto L, et al. A multicenter randomized trial evaluating posaconazole versus fluconazole for the treatment of otopharyngeal candidiasis in subjects with HIV/AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1179-86
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1179-1186
    • Vazquez, J.A.1    Skiest, D.J.2    Nieto, L.3
  • 69
    • 0031454303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginitis
    • Sobel JD. Vaginitis. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1896-903
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1896-1903
    • Sobel, J.D.1
  • 70
    • 4143079095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Sobel JD, Wiesenfeld HC, Martens M, et al. Maintenance fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2004;351:876-83
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 876-883
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Wiesenfeld, H.C.2    Martens, M.3
  • 71
    • 0004274349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Casadevall A, Perfect JR, editors, Washington: ASM Press;
    • Casadevall A, Perfect JR, editors, Cryptococcus neoformans. Washington: ASM Press; 1998
    • (1998) Cryptococcus neoformans
  • 72
    • 38049057430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal capsular polysaccharide and T-cell suppression: The hidden nature of poor immunogenicity
    • Vecchiarelli A. Fungal capsular polysaccharide and T-cell suppression: the hidden nature of poor immunogenicity. Crit Rev Immunol 2007;27:547-57
    • (2007) Crit Rev Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 547-557
    • Vecchiarelli, A.1
  • 73
    • 33845983323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro-Clinical correlations for amphotericin B susceptibility in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis
    • Larsen RA, Bauer M, Brouwer AE, et al. In vitro-Clinical correlations for amphotericin B susceptibility in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:343-5
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 343-345
    • Larsen, R.A.1    Bauer, M.2    Brouwer, A.E.3
  • 74
    • 0034779470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the United States: 1992 to 1994 and 1996 to 1998
    • Brandt ME, Pfaller MA, Hajjeh PA, et al. Trends in antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the United States: 1992 to 1994 and 1996 to 1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:3065-9
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 3065-3069
    • Brandt, M.E.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Hajjeh, P.A.3
  • 75
    • 29444436494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of antifungal resistance among Spanish clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans
    • Perkins A, Gomez-Lopez A, Mellado E, et al. Rates of antifungal resistance among Spanish clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:1144-7
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 1144-1147
    • Perkins, A.1    Gomez-Lopez, A.2    Mellado, E.3
  • 76
    • 0030069096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans to five antifungal drugs
    • Franzot SP, Hamdan JS. In vitro susceptibilities of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans to five antifungal drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:822-4
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 822-824
    • Franzot, S.P.1    Hamdan, J.S.2
  • 77
    • 1542509561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in the ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Surveillance Program
    • Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, et al. In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in the ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Surveillance Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004;48:201-5
    • (2004) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 201-205
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Messer, S.A.2    Boyken, L.3
  • 78
    • 0036433022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans collected during a ten-year period against fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole (SCH56592)
    • Yildiran ST, Fothergill AW, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG. In vitro susceptibilities of cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans collected during a ten-year period against fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole (SCH56592). Mycoses 2002;45:378-83
    • (2002) Mycoses , vol.45 , pp. 378-383
    • Yildiran, S.T.1    Fothergill, A.W.2    Sutton, D.A.3    Rinaldi, M.G.4
  • 79
    • 0034806952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activities of posaconazole (Sch 56592) compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Jones RN. In vitro activities of posaconazole (Sch 56592) compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:2862-4
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 2862-2864
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Messer, S.A.2    Hollis, R.J.3    Jones, R.N.4
  • 80
    • 0031895263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro comparative efficacy of voriconazole and itraconazole against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Cryptococcus neoformans isolates
    • Nguyen MH, Yu CY. In vitro comparative efficacy of voriconazole and itraconazole against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Cryptococcus neoformans isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:471-2
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 471-472
    • Nguyen, M.H.1    Yu, C.Y.2
  • 81
    • 0031728845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticryptococcal activity of voriconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans var. gatti vs var. neoformans: Comparison with fluconazole and effect of human serum
    • Brummer E, Kamei K, Miyaji M. Anticryptococcal activity of voriconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans var. gatti vs var. neoformans: comparison with fluconazole and effect of human serum. Mycopathologia 1998;142:3-7
    • (1998) Mycopathologia , vol.142 , pp. 3-7
    • Brummer, E.1    Kamei, K.2    Miyaji, M.3
  • 82
    • 1542509561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in the ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Surveillance Program
    • Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, et al. In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in the ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Surveillance Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004;48:201-5
    • (2004) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 201-205
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Messer, S.A.2    Boyken, L.3
  • 83
    • 0031928825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damage to yeast cells of Cryptococcus neoformans by voriconazole and fluconazole: A culture and microscopic study
    • Brummer E, Kamei K, Miyaji M. Damage to yeast cells of Cryptococcus neoformans by voriconazole and fluconazole: a culture and microscopic study. Med Mycol 1998;36:227-33
    • (1998) Med Mycol , vol.36 , pp. 227-233
    • Brummer, E.1    Kamei, K.2    Miyaji, M.3
  • 85
    • 36749071467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voriconazole inhibits melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Martinez LR, Ntiamoah P, Gacser A, et al. Voriconazole inhibits melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:4396-400
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 4396-4400
    • Martinez, L.R.1    Ntiamoah, P.2    Gacser, A.3
  • 86
    • 42049109270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activity of the new azole isavuconazole (BAL4815) compared with six other antifungal agents against 162 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Cuba
    • Illnait-Zaragozi MT, Martinez GF, Curfs-Breuker I, et al. In vitro activity of the new azole isavuconazole (BAL4815) compared with six other antifungal agents against 162 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Cuba. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:1580-2
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 1580-1582
    • Illnait-Zaragozi, M.T.1    Martinez, G.F.2    Curfs-Breuker, I.3
  • 87
    • 0033798008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activities of ravuconazole (BMS-207147) against 541 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Yamazumi T, Pfaller MA, Messer SA, et al. In vitro activities of ravuconazole (BMS-207147) against 541 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:2883-6
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2883-2886
    • Yamazumi, T.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Messer, S.A.3
  • 88
    • 3342910270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activities of ravuconazole and four other antifungal agents against fluconazole-resistant or -susceptible clinical yeast isolates
    • Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Mellado E, et al. In vitro activities of ravuconazole and four other antifungal agents against fluconazole-resistant or -susceptible clinical yeast isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:3107-11
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 3107-3111
    • Cuenca-Estrella, M.1    Gomez-Lopez, A.2    Mellado, E.3
  • 89
    • 33750304833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial fluconazole monotherapy: The role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution
    • Bicanic T, Harrison T, Niepieklo A, et al. Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial fluconazole monotherapy: the role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1069-73
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.43 , pp. 1069-1073
    • Bicanic, T.1    Harrison, T.2    Niepieklo, A.3
  • 90
    • 19944432456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus species from Taiwan: Surveillance of multicenter antimicrobial resistance in Taiwan program data from 2003
    • Hsueh PR, Lau YJ, Chuang YC, et al. Antifungal susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus species from Taiwan: surveillance of multicenter antimicrobial resistance in Taiwan program data from 2003. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:512-7
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 512-517
    • Hsueh, P.R.1    Lau, Y.J.2    Chuang, Y.C.3
  • 91
    • 4444282399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing in vitro resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Cambodian isolates: April 2000 to March 2002
    • Sar B, Monchy D, Vann M, et al. Increasing in vitro resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Cambodian isolates: April 2000 to March 2002. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;54:563-5
    • (2004) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 563-565
    • Sar, B.1    Monchy, D.2    Vann, M.3
  • 92
    • 0033801252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • Saag MS, Graybill RJ, Larsen RA, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:710-8
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 710-718
    • Saag, M.S.1    Graybill, R.J.2    Larsen, R.A.3
  • 93
    • 0020042673 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal meningitis. A review of 32 years experience
    • De Wytt CN, Dickson PL, Holt GW. Cryptococcal meningitis. A review of 32 years experience. J Neurol Sci 1982;53:283-92
    • (1982) J Neurol Sci , vol.53 , pp. 283-292
    • De Wytt, C.N.1    Dickson, P.L.2    Holt, G.W.3
  • 94
    • 0023683479 scopus 로고
    • Management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS
    • Sahai J. Management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clin Pharm 1988;7:528-35
    • (1988) Clin Pharm , vol.7 , pp. 528-535
    • Sahai, J.1
  • 96
    • 0020383351 scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy of experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis in mice
    • Polak A, Scholer HJ, Wall M. Combination therapy of experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis in mice. Chemotherapy 1982;28:461-79
    • (1982) Chemotherapy , vol.28 , pp. 461-479
    • Polak, A.1    Scholer, H.J.2    Wall, M.3
  • 97
    • 0030952922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine in the murine model of cryptococcal meningtis
    • Nguyen MH, Najvar LK, Yu CY, Graybill JR. Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine in the murine model of cryptococcal meningtis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1120-3
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1120-1123
    • Nguyen, M.H.1    Najvar, L.K.2    Yu, C.Y.3    Graybill, J.R.4
  • 98
    • 0038025895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group
    • Van Der Horst CM, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:15-21
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 15-21
    • Van Der Horst, C.M.1    Saag, M.S.2    Cloud, G.A.3
  • 99
    • 46249098244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: A randomized trial
    • Bicanic T, Wood R, Meintjes G, et al. High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:123-30
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 123-130
    • Bicanic, T.1    Wood, R.2    Meintjes, G.3
  • 100
    • 9844265398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) compared with amphotericin B both followed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis
    • Leenders AC, Reiss P, Portegies P, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) compared with amphotericin B both followed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 1997;11:1463-71
    • (1997) AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 1463-1471
    • Leenders, A.C.1    Reiss, P.2    Portegies, P.3
  • 101
    • 0023697364 scopus 로고
    • Oral fluconazole as suppressive therapy of disseminated cryptococcosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Sugar AM, Saunders C. Oral fluconazole as suppressive therapy of disseminated cryptococcosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 1988;85:481-9
    • (1988) Am J Med , vol.85 , pp. 481-489
    • Sugar, A.M.1    Saunders, C.2
  • 102
    • 0026028235 scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with fluconazole after treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. California Collaborative Treatment Group
    • Bozzette SA, Larsen RA, Chiu J, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with fluconazole after treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. California Collaborative Treatment Group. N Engl J Med 1991;324:580-4
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 580-584
    • Bozzette, S.A.1    Larsen, R.A.2    Chiu, J.3
  • 103
    • 0029083720 scopus 로고
    • Prospects for preventing cryptococcosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • Pinner RW, Hajjeh RA, Powderly WG. Prospects for preventing cryptococcosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(Suppl 1):S103-7
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Pinner, R.W.1    Hajjeh, R.A.2    Powderly, W.G.3
  • 104
    • 2942630776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of primary cryptococcal meningitis prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients with severe immune deficiency
    • Chetchotisakd P, Sungkanuparph S, Thinkhamrop B, et al. A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of primary cryptococcal meningitis prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients with severe immune deficiency. HIV Med 2004;5:140-3
    • (2004) HIV Med , vol.5 , pp. 140-143
    • Chetchotisakd, P.1    Sungkanuparph, S.2    Thinkhamrop, B.3
  • 105
    • 0026594284 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group
    • Powderly WG, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992;326:793-8
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 793-798
    • Powderly, W.G.1    Saag, M.S.2    Cloud, G.A.3
  • 106
    • 42349101313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole alone or combined with flucytosine for the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis
    • Milefchik E, Leal MA, Haubrich R, et al. Fluconazole alone or combined with flucytosine for the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Med Mycol 2008;46:393-5
    • (2008) Med Mycol , vol.46 , pp. 393-395
    • Milefchik, E.1    Leal, M.A.2    Haubrich, R.3
  • 107
    • 0028083248 scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole combined with flucytosine for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS
    • Larsen RA, Bozzette SA, Jones BE, et al. Fluconazole combined with flucytosine for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:741-5
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis , vol.19 , pp. 741-745
    • Larsen, R.A.1    Bozzette, S.A.2    Jones, B.E.3
  • 108
    • 0025375825 scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. A randomized trial
    • Larsen RA, Leal MA, Chan LS. Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:183-7
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 183-187
    • Larsen, R.A.1    Leal, M.A.2    Chan, L.S.3
  • 109
    • 2542602231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: A randomised trial
    • Brouwer AE, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, et al. Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 2004;363:1764-7
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1764-1767
    • Brouwer, A.E.1    Rajanuwong, A.2    Chierakul, W.3
  • 110
    • 0026542078 scopus 로고
    • Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis
    • De Gans J, Portegies P, Tiessens G, et al. Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 1992;6:185-90
    • (1992) AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 185-190
    • De Gans, J.1    Portegies, P.2    Tiessens, G.3
  • 111
    • 0038123187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of fluconazole 600 mg/day versus itraconazole 600 mg/day as consolidation therapy of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients
    • Mootsikapun P, Chetchotisakd P, Anunnatsiri S, Choksawadphinyo K. The efficacy of fluconazole 600 mg/day versus itraconazole 600 mg/day as consolidation therapy of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients. J Med Assoc Thai 2003;86:293-8
    • (2003) J Med Assoc Thai , vol.86 , pp. 293-298
    • Mootsikapun, P.1    Chetchotisakd, P.2    Anunnatsiri, S.3    Choksawadphinyo, K.4
  • 112
    • 0033047485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group
    • Saag MS, Cloud GA, Graybill JR, et al. A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:291-6
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 291-296
    • Saag, M.S.1    Cloud, G.A.2    Graybill, J.R.3
  • 113
    • 4344717413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posaconazole and amphotericin B combination therapy against Cryptococcus neoformans infection
    • Barchiesi F, Spreghini E, Schimizzi AM, et al. Posaconazole and amphotericin B combination therapy against Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:3312-6
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 3312-3316
    • Barchiesi, F.1    Spreghini, E.2    Schimizzi, A.M.3
  • 114
    • 0035654135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of the new antifungal triazole, posaconazole, against Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Barchiesi F, Schimizzi AM, Caselli F, et al. Activity of the new antifungal triazole, posaconazole, against Cryptococcus neoformans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48:769-73
    • (2001) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 769-773
    • Barchiesi, F.1    Schimizzi, A.M.2    Caselli, F.3
  • 115
    • 27144459842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of posaconazole in the treatment of central nervous system fungal infections
    • Pitisuttithum P, Negroni R, Graybill JR, et al. Activity of posaconazole in the treatment of central nervous system fungal infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:745-55
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 745-755
    • Pitisuttithum, P.1    Negroni, R.2    Graybill, J.R.3
  • 116
  • 117
    • 34447580048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of voriconazole in a murine model of cryptococcal central nervous system infection
    • Serena C, Pastor FJ, Marine M, et al. Efficacy of voriconazole in a murine model of cryptococcal central nervous system infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:162-5
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 162-165
    • Serena, C.1    Pastor, F.J.2    Marine, M.3
  • 119
    • 33644646352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents in vitro
    • Martinez LR, Casadevall A. Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents in vitro Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:1021-33
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 1021-1033
    • Martinez, L.R.1    Casadevall, A.2
  • 120
    • 0038556830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections
    • Perfect JR, Marr KA, Walsh TJ, et al. Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1122-31
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 1122-1131
    • Perfect, J.R.1    Marr, K.A.2    Walsh, T.J.3
  • 121
    • 4544318239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voriconazole proves effective in long-term treatment of a cerebral cryptococcoma in a chronic nephropathic HIV-negative patient, after fluconazole failure
    • Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Pavoni M, et al. Voriconazole proves effective in long-term treatment of a cerebral cryptococcoma in a chronic nephropathic HIV-negative patient, after fluconazole failure. Mycopathologia 2004;158:165-71
    • (2004) Mycopathologia , vol.158 , pp. 165-171
    • Sabbatani, S.1    Manfredi, R.2    Pavoni, M.3
  • 122
    • 45249094962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans strains and infection in apparently immunocompetent patients, China
    • Chen J, Varma A, Diaz MR, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans strains and infection in apparently immunocompetent patients, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:755-62
    • (2008) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 755-762
    • Chen, J.1    Varma, A.2    Diaz, M.R.3
  • 123
    • 27644483074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak
    • Fraser JA, Giles SS, Wenink EC, et al. Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak. Nature 2005;437:1360-4
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1360-1364
    • Fraser, J.A.1    Giles, S.S.2    Wenink, E.C.3
  • 124
    • 4544251213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans infections at Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre (1997-2002): Epidemiology, microbiology and histopathology
    • Hoang LM, Maguire JA, Doyle P, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans infections at Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre (1997-2002): epidemiology, microbiology and histopathology. J Med Microbiol 2004;53:935-40
    • (2004) J Med Microbiol , vol.53 , pp. 935-940
    • Hoang, L.M.1    Maguire, J.A.2    Doyle, P.3
  • 125
    • 10344226208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)
    • Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, et al. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:17258-63
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 17258-17263
    • Kidd, S.E.1    Hagen, F.2    Tscharke, R.L.3
  • 126
    • 41049096607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest
    • Bartlett KH, Kidd SE, Kronstad JW. The emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2008;10:58-65
    • (2008) Curr Infect Dis Rep , vol.10 , pp. 58-65
    • Bartlett, K.H.1    Kidd, S.E.2    Kronstad, J.W.3
  • 127
    • 45249111769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus gattii clinical isolates
    • Gomez-Lopez A, Zaragoza O, Dos Anjos MM, et al. In vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus gattii clinical isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008;14:727-30
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.14 , pp. 727-730
    • Gomez-Lopez, A.1    Zaragoza, O.2    Dos Anjos, M.M.3
  • 129
    • 0036095236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of NCCLS microdilution method and Etest in antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical Trichosporon asahii isolates
    • Arikan S, Hascelik G. Comparison of NCCLS microdilution method and Etest in antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical Trichosporon asahii isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002;43:107-11
    • (2002) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.43 , pp. 107-111
    • Arikan, S.1    Hascelik, G.2
  • 132
    • 11844283991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activities of available and investigational antifungal agents against Rhodotorula species
    • Diekema DJ, Petroelje B, Messer SA, et al. Activities of available and investigational antifungal agents against Rhodotorula species. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:476-8
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 476-478
    • Diekema, D.J.1    Petroelje, B.2    Messer, S.A.3
  • 133
    • 33644838353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breakthrough trichosporonosis in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving micafungin
    • Matsue K, Uryu H, Koseki M, et al. Breakthrough trichosporonosis in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving micafungin. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:753-7
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 753-757
    • Matsue, K.1    Uryu, H.2    Koseki, M.3
  • 134
    • 18744408760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibility of yeasts isolated from patients in intensive care units to fluconazole and amphotericin B during a 3-year period
    • Kucukates E, Erturan Z, Susever S, Yegenoglu Y. In vitro susceptibility of yeasts isolated from patients in intensive care units to fluconazole and amphotericin B during a 3-year period. APMIS 2005;113:278-83
    • (2005) APMIS , vol.113 , pp. 278-283
    • Kucukates, E.1    Erturan, Z.2    Susever, S.3    Yegenoglu, Y.4
  • 135
    • 0026034555 scopus 로고
    • In vitro comparative activity of fluconazole and other antifungal agents against Blastoschizomyces capitatus
    • Venditti M, Posteraro B, Morace G, Martino P. In vitro comparative activity of fluconazole and other antifungal agents against Blastoschizomyces capitatus. J Chemother 1991;3:13-5
    • (1991) J Chemother , vol.3 , pp. 13-15
    • Venditti, M.1    Posteraro, B.2    Morace, G.3    Martino, P.4
  • 136
    • 43049102040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined voriconazole plus caspofungin therapy for the treatment of probable Geotrichum pneumonia in a leukemia patient
    • Fianchi L, Montini L, Caira M, et al. Combined voriconazole plus caspofungin therapy for the treatment of probable Geotrichum pneumonia in a leukemia patient. Infection 2008;36:65-7
    • (2008) Infection , vol.36 , pp. 65-67
    • Fianchi, L.1    Montini, L.2    Caira, M.3
  • 137
    • 41849136908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of disseminated Geotrichum capitatum infection with a combination of caspofungin and voriconazole in an immunocompromised patient
    • Etienne A, Datry A, Gaspar N, et al. Successful treatment of disseminated Geotrichum capitatum infection with a combination of caspofungin and voriconazole in an immunocompromised patient. Mycoses 2008;51:270-2
    • (2008) Mycoses , vol.51 , pp. 270-272
    • Etienne, A.1    Datry, A.2    Gaspar, N.3
  • 138
    • 36248978196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New trends in emerging pathogens
    • Skovgaard N. New trends in emerging pathogens. Int J Food Microbiol 2007;120:217-24
    • (2007) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.120 , pp. 217-224
    • Skovgaard, N.1
  • 139
    • 19344376750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: An emerging infectious disease
    • Munoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1625-34
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1625-1634
    • Munoz, P.1    Bouza, E.2    Cuenca-Estrella, M.3
  • 140
    • 33744773604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and probiotic strains from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species as a possible origin of human systemic infections
    • De Llanos R, Quetol A, Peman J, et al. Food and probiotic strains from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species as a possible origin of human systemic infections. Int J Food Microbiol 2006;110:286-90
    • (2006) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.110 , pp. 286-290
    • De Llanos, R.1    Quetol, A.2    Peman, J.3
  • 141
    • 0029860505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates
    • Zerva L, Hollis RJ, Pfaller MA. In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:3031-4
    • (1996) J Clin Microbiol , vol.34 , pp. 3031-3034
    • Zerva, L.1    Hollis, R.J.2    Pfaller, M.A.3
  • 142
    • 36349023887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between disk diffusion and microdilution methods for determining susceptibility of clinical fungal isolates to caspofungin
    • Milici ME, Maida CM, Spreghini E, et al. Comparison between disk diffusion and microdilution methods for determining susceptibility of clinical fungal isolates to caspofungin. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:3529-33
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 3529-3533
    • Milici, M.E.1    Maida, C.M.2    Spreghini, E.3
  • 143
    • 21244497847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess mortality, hospital stay, and cost due to candidemia: A case-control study using data from population-based candidemia surveillance
    • Morgan J, Meltzer MI, Plikaytis BD, et al. Excess mortality, hospital stay, and cost due to candidemia: a case-control study using data from population-based candidemia surveillance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005;26:540-7
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 540-547
    • Morgan, J.1    Meltzer, M.I.2    Plikaytis, B.D.3
  • 144
    • 24144483474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: A potential risk factor for hospital mortality
    • Morrell M, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. Delaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:3640-5
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 3640-3645
    • Morrell, M.1    Fraser, V.J.2    Kollef, M.H.3
  • 145
    • 34548138992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adequacy of empirical antifungal therapy and effect on outcome among patients with invasive Candida species infections
    • Parkins MD, Sabuda DM, Elsayed S, Laupland KB. Adequacy of empirical antifungal therapy and effect on outcome among patients with invasive Candida species infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:613-8
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 613-618
    • Parkins, M.D.1    Sabuda, D.M.2    Elsayed, S.3    Laupland, K.B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.