Contextual interference: A meta-analytic study

Perceptual and Motor Skills

Volumn 99, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 116-126

  Brady, Frank ^a,b  

^a LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Pratt Recreation Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 5644303068     PISSN: 00315125     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2466/pms.99.1.116-126     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. ADAMS, J. A. (1983) On the integration of the verbal and motor domains. In R. A. Magill (Ed.), Memory and control of action. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Pp. 3-15.
2. AL-MUSTAFA, A. A. (1989) Contextual interference: laboratory artifact or sport skill learning related. Unpublished dissertation, Univer. of Pittsburgh.
3. ALOUPIS, C. H., GUADAGNOLI, M. A., & KOHL, R. M. (1995) Manipulation of task switches during acquisition: a test of traditional contextual interference hypothesis. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 29, 171-180.*
4. BATTIG, W. F. (1966) Facilitation and interference. In E. A. Bilodeau (Ed.), Acquisition of skill. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 215-244.
5. BORTOLI, L., ROBAZZA, C., DURIGON, V., & CARRA, C. (1992) Effects of contextual interference on learning technical motor skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 555-563.*
6. BORTOLI, L., SPAGOLLA, G., & ROBAZZA, C. (2001) Variability effects on retention of a motor skill in elementary school children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93, 51-63.*
7. BOYCE, B. A., & DEL REY, P. (1990) Designing applied research in a naturalistic setting using a contextual interference paradigm. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 18, 189-197.*
8. BRADY, F. (1997) Contextual interference and teaching golf skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 735-744.*
9. BRADY, F. (1998) A theoretical and empirical review of the contextual interference effect and the learning of motor skills. Quest, 50, 266-293.
10. COHEN, J. (1988) Statistical power for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. DEL REY, P. (1989) Training and contextual interference on memory and transfer. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60, 342-347.*
12. DEL REY, P., LIU, X., & SIMPSON, K. J. (1994) Does retroactive inhibition influence contextual interference effects? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 65, 120-126.*
13. DEL REY, P., WUGHALTER, E. H., & CARNES, M. (1987) Level of expertise, interpolated activity and contextual interference effects on memory and transfer. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 64, 275-284.
14. DEL REY, P., WUGHALTER, E. H., & WHITEHURST, M. (1982) The effects of contextual interference and females with varied experience in open skill sports. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53, 108-115.*
15. FARROW, D., & MASCHETTE, W. (1997) The effects of contextual interference on children teaching forehand tennis ground strokes. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 33, 47-57.*
16. FRENCH, K. E., RINK, J. E., & WERNER, P. H. (1990) Effects of contextual interference on retention of three volleyball skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71, 179-186.*
17. GABRIELE, T. E., HALL, C. R., & BUCHOLZ, E. E. (1987) Practice schedule effects on the acquisition and retention of a motor skill. Human Movement Science, 6, 1-16.*
18. GENTILE, A. M. (1972) A working model of skill acquisition with application to teaching. Quest Monograph, XVII, 3-23.
19. GIUFFRIDA, C. G., SHEA, J. B., & FAIRBROTHER, J. T. (2002) Differential transfer benefits of increased practice for constant, blocked and serial practice schedules. Journal of Motor Behavior, 34, 353-366.
20. GLASS, G. V. (1982) Meta-analysis: an approach to the synthesis of research results. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 19, 93-112.
21. GOODE, S., & MAGILL, R. A. (1986) Contextual interference effects in learning three badminton serves. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 57, 308-314.*
22. GOODWIN, J. E., & MEEUWSEN, H. J. (1996) Investigation of the contextual interference effect in the manipulation of the motor parameter of overall force. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 83, 735-743.*
23. GREEN, S., & SHERWOOD, D. E. (2000) The benefit of random variable practice for accuracy and temporal error detection in a rapid aiming task. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, 398-402.*
24. GREENWALD, A. G., PRATKANIS, A. R., LEIPPE, M. R., & BAUMGARDNER, M. H. (1986) Under what conditions does theory obstruct research progress? Psychological Review, 93, 216-229.
25. GUADAGNOLI, M. A., HOLCOMB, W. R., & WEBER, T. J. (1999) The relationship between contextual effects and performer expertise on the learning of a putting task. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 37, 19-36.
26. HALL, K. G., DOMINQUES, D. A., & CAVASOS, R. (1994) Contextual interference effect with skilled baseball players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 835-841.*
27. HALL, K. G., & MAGILL, R. A. (1995) Variability of practice and contextual interference in motor skill learning. Journal of Motor Behavior, 27, 299-309.*
28. HAUBENSTRICKER, J., & SEEFELDT, V. (1986) Physical activity and well-being. Reston, VA: American Alliance, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.
29. HEBERT, E. P., LANDIN, D., & SOLMON, M. A. (1996) Practice schedule effects on the performance and learning of low- and high-skilled students: an applied study. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 52-58.*
30. HEDGES, L. V., & OLKIN, L. (1985) Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
31. HOFFMAN, S. J. (1990) Relevance application and the development of an unlikely theory. Quest, 42, 143-160.
32. IMMINK, M. A., & WRIGHT, D. L. (1998) Contextual interference: a response planning account. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 735-754.*
33. JARUS, T., & GOVEROVER, Y. (1999) Effects of contextual interference and age on acquisition, retention and transfer of motor skill. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 437-447.*
34. JARUS, T., WUGHALTER, E. H., & GIANUTSOS, J. G. (1997) Effects of contextual interference and conditions of movement task on acquisition, retention and transfer of motor skills by women. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 179-193.*
35. LANDIN, D., & HEBERT, P. (1997) A comparison of three practice schedules along the contextual interference continuum. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, 357-361.*
36. LEE, T. D., & MAGILL, R. A. (1983) The locus of contextual interference in motor skill acquisition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 9, 730-746.*
37. LEE, T. D., & WHITE, M. A. (1990) Influence of an unskilled model's practice schedule on observational motor learning. Human Movement Science, 9, 349-367.*
38. LEE, T. D., WISHART, L. R., CUNNINGHAM, S., & CARNAHAN, H. (1997) Modeled timing information during random practice eliminates the contextual interference effect. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, 100-105.
39. LEE, T. D., WULF, G., & SCHMIDT, R. A. (1992) Contextual interference in motor learning: dissociated effects due to the nature of task variations. Research Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44, 627-644.*
40. LI, Y., & LIMA, R. P. (2002) Rehearsal of task variations and contextual interference effect in a field setting. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94, 750-752.*
41. LI, Y, & WRIGHT, D. L. (2000) An assessment of the attention demands during blocked and random practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 591-606.*
42. MAGILL, R. A. (1992) Practice schedule considerations for enhancing human performance. Quest, 25, 38-50.
43. MAGILL, R. A. (2004) Motor learning and control: concepts and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
44. MAGILL, R. A., & HALL, K. G. (1990) A review of contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition. Human Movement Science, 9, 241-289.
45. MEIRA, C. M., & TANI, G. (2001) The contextual interference effect in the acquisition of dart throwing skill tested on a transfer test with extended trials. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92, 910-918.*
46. NEWELL, K. M., & MCDONALD, P. V. (1992) Practice! A search for solutions in enhancing human performance in sport. Quest, 25, 51-59.
47. NEWELL, K. M., & ROVEGNO, I. (1990) Commentary - motor learning: theory and practice. Quest, 42, 184-192.
48. PAINTER, M. A., INMAN, K. B., & VINCENT, W. J. (1994) Contextual interference effect in the acquisition and retention of motor tasks by individuals with mild mental handicaps. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11, 383-395.*
49. PELLALATOU, E., KIOUMOURTZOGLOU, E., AGELOUSIS, N., & MAVROMATI, G. (1997) Contextual interference effects in learning novel motor skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 487-496.*
50. POLLOCK, B. J., & LEE, T. D. (1997) Dissociated contextual interference effect in children and adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 851-858.*
51. PORETTA, D. L., & O'BRIEN, K. The use of contextual interference trials by mildly handicapped children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 244-248.*
52. PROTEAU, L., BLANDIN, Y., ALAIN, C., & DORION, A. (1994) The effects of the amount of practice on the learning of a multi-segmented motor task. Acta Psychologica, 85, 61-74.*
53. ROSENTHAL, R. (1979) The fine drawer problem and tolerance of null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638-641.
54. SCHMIDT, R. A. (1988) Motor control and learning: a behavioral emphasis. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
55. SEKIYA, H., & MAGILL, R. A. (2000) The contextual interference effect in learning force and timing parameters of the same generalized motor program. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 39, 45-71.*
56. SEKIYA, H., MAGILL, R. A., & ANDERSON, D. I. (1966) The contextual interference effect in parameter modification of the same generalized motor program. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 59-68.*
57. SEKIYA, H., MAGILL, R. A., SIDAWAY, B., & ANDERSON, D. I. (1994) The contextual interference effect for skill variations from the same and different generalized motor programs. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 65, 330-338.*
58. SHEA, C. H., KOHL, R., & INDERMILL, C. (1990) Contextual interference: contributions of practice. Acta Psychologica, 73, 145-157.*
59. SHEA, C. H., LAI, Q., WRIGHT, D. L., IMMINK, M., & BLACK, C. (2001) Consistent and variable practice and conditions: effect of relative and absolute timing. Journal of Motor Behavior, 33, 139-173.*
60. SHEA, J. B., & MORGAN, R. L. (1979) Contextual interference on the acquisition, retention and transfer of a motor skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 179-187.*
61. SHEA, J. B., SHEBILSKE, W. L., & WORCHEL, S. (1993) Motor learning and control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
62. SHEA, J. B., & TITZER, R. C. (1993) The influence of remainder trials on contextual interference effects. Journal of Motor Behavior, 25, 264-276.*
63. SHERWOOD, D. E. (1996) The benefits of random variable practice for spatial accuracy and error detection in a rapid aiming task. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 35-43.*
64. SHEWOKIS, P. A. (1997) Is the contextual interference effect generalizable to computer games? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 3-15.*
65. SHEWOKIS, P. A., DEL REY, P., & SIMPSON, K. J. (1998) A test of retroactive inhibition as an explanation of contextual interference. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 69, 70-74.*
66. SHEWOKIS, P. A., & KLOPFERD, D. (2000) Some blocked practice schedules yield better learning than random practice schedules with anticipation timing tasks. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 38, 57-87.*
67. SHEWOKIS, P. A., & SNOW, J. (1997) Is the contextual interference effect generalizable to non-laboratory tasks? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (Abstracts of completed research), A64, 68.
68. SIEDENTOP, D. (1983) Physical education: introductory analysis. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
69. SMITH, P. J. K. (1997) Attention and the contextual interference effect for a continuous task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 83-92.*
70. SMITH, P. J. K. (2002) Applying contextual interference to snowboarding skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 95, 999-1005.*
71. SMITH, P. J. K., & DAVIES, M. (1995) Applying contextual interference to the pawlata roll. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15, 455-462.*
72. SMITH, P. J. K., GREGORY, S. K., & DAVIES, M. (2003) Alternating versus blocked practice in learning a cartwheel. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96, 1255-1264.*
73. SMITH, P. J. K., & RUDISILL, M. E. (1993) The influence of proficiency level, transfer distality and gender on the contextual interference effect. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64, 151-158.*
74. SMITH, P. J. K., & WILLIAMS, R. (2002) Effect of practice length on the contextual interference effect for skill variations with different relative timing goals. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, A53.* (Abstracts of completed research)
75. THOMAS, J. R., LOCHBAUM, M. R., LANDERS, D., & HE, C. (1997) Planning significant and meaningful research in exercise science: estimating sample size. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, 33-43.
76. THOMAS, J. R., & NELSON, J. K. (2001) Research methods in physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
77. TSUTSUI, S., LEE, T. D., & HODGES, N. J. (1998) Contextual interference in learning new patterns of bimanual coordination. Journal of Motor Behavior, 30, 151-157.*
78. WEGMAN, E. (1999) Contextual interference effect on the acquisition and retention of fundamental motor skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 182-187.*
79. WRIGHT, D. L., LI, Y., & COADY, W. (1997) Cognitive processes related to interference and observational learning: a replication of Blandin, Proteau and Alain (1994). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, 106-109.*
80. WRIGHT, D. L., LI, Y., & WHITACRE, C. (1992) The contribution of elaborative processing to the contextual interference effect. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63, 30-37.*
81. WEIGHT, D. L., & SHEA, C. H. (2001) Manipulating generalized motor program difficulty during blocked and random practice does not affect parameter learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 32-38.*
82. WRISBERG, C. A. (1991) A field test of the effect of contextual variety during skill acquisition. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 11, 21-30.*
83. WRISBERG, C. A., & LIU, Z. (1991) The effect of contextual variety on the practice, retention and transfer of an applied motor skill. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 406-412.*
84. WULF, G. (1992) The learning of generalized motor programs and motor schemata: effects of KR relative frequency and contextual interference. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 23, 53-76.*
85. WULF, G. (1992) Reducing knowledge of results can produce context effects in movements of the same class. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 22, 71-84.*
86. WULF, G., & LEE, T. D. (1993) Contextual interference in movement of the same class: differential effects on program and parameter learning. Journal of Motor Behavior, 12, 577-600.*
87. WULF, G., & SCHMIDT, R. A. (1994) Feedback induced variability and the learning of generalized motor programs. Journal of Motor Behavior, 26, 348-361.
88. YAN, J. H., THOMAS J. R., & THOMAS, K. T. (1998) Children's age moderates the effect of practice variability. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 69, 210-215.
89. YOUNG, D. E., COHEN, M. J., & HUSAK, W. S. (1993) Contextual interference and motor skill acquisition: on the processes that influence retention. Human Movement Science, 12, 577-600.*