메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 90, Issue 2-4, 2008, Pages 223-232

A review of global stratospheric aerosol: Measurements, importance, life cycle, and local stratospheric aerosol

Author keywords

Stratospheric aerosol; Stratospheric aerosol measurements; Stratospheric chemistry; Trends in stratospheric aerosol; Tropical stratospheric aerosol; Volcanic aerosol

Indexed keywords

ACIDS; AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERICS; CHLORINE; CLOUDS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); GASES; LIFE CYCLE; NITROGEN OXIDES; OZONE; SULFUR; SULFUR COMPOUNDS; SULFURIC ACID; TROPICS; VOLCANOES; WATER INJECTION;

EID: 56249090700     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (123)

References (78)
  • 2
    • 0031851087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric aerosol sulfuric acid: first direct in situ measurements using a novel balloon-based mass spectrometer apparatus
    • Arnold F., Curtius J., Spreng S., and Deshler T. Stratospheric aerosol sulfuric acid: first direct in situ measurements using a novel balloon-based mass spectrometer apparatus. J. Atmos. Chem. 30 (1998) 3-10
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.30 , pp. 3-10
    • Arnold, F.1    Curtius, J.2    Spreng, S.3    Deshler, T.4
  • 4
    • 0031208105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosol over Mauna Loa
    • Barnes J.E., and Hofmann D.J. Lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosol over Mauna Loa. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (1997) 1923-1926
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 1923-1926
    • Barnes, J.E.1    Hofmann, D.J.2
  • 6
    • 84970768986 scopus 로고
    • The influence of nitrogen oxide on the atmospheric ozone content
    • Crutzen P.J. The influence of nitrogen oxide on the atmospheric ozone content. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 96 (1970) 320-327
    • (1970) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.96 , pp. 320-327
    • Crutzen, P.J.1
  • 7
    • 33748627622 scopus 로고
    • The possible importance of CSO for the sulfate layer of the stratosphere
    • Crutzen P.J. The possible importance of CSO for the sulfate layer of the stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 3 (1976) 73-76
    • (1976) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 73-76
    • Crutzen, P.J.1
  • 8
    • 0035793896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol
    • Cziczo D.J., Thomson D.S., and Murphy D.M. Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol. Science 291 (2001) 1772-1775
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1772-1775
    • Cziczo, D.J.1    Thomson, D.S.2    Murphy, D.M.3
  • 10
    • 56249145797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-volcanic stratospheric aerosol trends: 1971-2004, Chapter 5 of the SPARC Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties
    • Thomason L.W., and Peter Th. (Eds)
    • Deshler T., and Anderson-Sprecher R. Non-volcanic stratospheric aerosol trends: 1971-2004, Chapter 5 of the SPARC Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties. In: Thomason L.W., and Peter Th. (Eds). WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4 (2006)
    • (2006) WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4
    • Deshler, T.1    Anderson-Sprecher, R.2
  • 11
    • 0026480214 scopus 로고
    • Balloonborne measurements of the Pinatubo aerosol size distribution and volatility at Laramie, Wyoming during the summer of 1991
    • Deshler T., Hofmann D.J., Johnson B.J., and Rozier W.R. Balloonborne measurements of the Pinatubo aerosol size distribution and volatility at Laramie, Wyoming during the summer of 1991. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 199-202
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 199-202
    • Deshler, T.1    Hofmann, D.J.2    Johnson, B.J.3    Rozier, W.R.4
  • 12
    • 0346008093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty years of in situ stratospheric aerosol size distribution measurements from Laramie, Wyoming (41°N), using balloon-borne instruments
    • 10.1029/2002JD002514
    • Deshler T., Hervig M.E., Hofmann D.J., Rosen J.M., and Liley J.B. Thirty years of in situ stratospheric aerosol size distribution measurements from Laramie, Wyoming (41°N), using balloon-borne instruments. J. Geophys. Res. 108 D5. (2003) 4167 10.1029/2002JD002514
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D5 , pp. 4167
    • Deshler, T.1    Hervig, M.E.2    Hofmann, D.J.3    Rosen, J.M.4    Liley, J.B.5
  • 15
    • 0027037119 scopus 로고
    • Solar radiative forcing at selected locations and evidence for global lower tropospheric cooling following the eruptions of El Chichón and Pinatubo
    • Dutton E.G., and Christy J.R. Solar radiative forcing at selected locations and evidence for global lower tropospheric cooling following the eruptions of El Chichón and Pinatubo. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 2313-2316
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 2313-2316
    • Dutton, E.G.1    Christy, J.R.2
  • 16
    • 0027335921 scopus 로고
    • In situ measurements constraining the role of sulphate aerosols in mid-latitude ozone depletion
    • Fahey D.W., et al. In situ measurements constraining the role of sulphate aerosols in mid-latitude ozone depletion. Nature 363 (1993) 509-514
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 509-514
    • Fahey, D.W.1
  • 17
    • 0029415759 scopus 로고
    • Emission measurements of the Concorde supersonic aircraft in the lower stratosphere
    • Fahey D.W., et al. Emission measurements of the Concorde supersonic aircraft in the lower stratosphere. Science 270 (1995) 70-74
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 70-74
    • Fahey, D.W.1
  • 18
    • 0035134327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-containing particles in the winter Arctic stratosphere
    • 3-containing particles in the winter Arctic stratosphere. Science 291 (2001) 1026-1031
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1026-1031
    • Fahey, D.W.1
  • 19
    • 0002045895 scopus 로고
    • Observation of aerosol layer of 20 km by optical radar
    • Fiocco G., and Grams G. Observation of aerosol layer of 20 km by optical radar. J. Atmos. Sci. 21 (1964) 323-324
    • (1964) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 323-324
    • Fiocco, G.1    Grams, G.2
  • 21
    • 21244453882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyro-cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3-4 August 1998
    • 10.1029/2004JD005350
    • Fromm M., Bevilacqua R., Servranckx R., Rosen J., Thayer J.P., Herman J., and Larko D. Pyro-cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3-4 August 1998. J. Geophys. Res. 110 (2005) D08205 10.1029/2004JD005350
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Fromm, M.1    Bevilacqua, R.2    Servranckx, R.3    Rosen, J.4    Thayer, J.P.5    Herman, J.6    Larko, D.7
  • 22
    • 33646352704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violent pyro-convective storm devastates Australia's capital and pollutes the stratosphere
    • 10.1029/2005GL025161
    • Fromm M., Tupper A., Rosenfeld D., Servranckx R., and McRae R. Violent pyro-convective storm devastates Australia's capital and pollutes the stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 5 (2006) L05815 10.1029/2005GL025161
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , Issue.5
    • Fromm, M.1    Tupper, A.2    Rosenfeld, D.3    Servranckx, R.4    McRae, R.5
  • 24
    • 0027335473 scopus 로고
    • Record low global ozone in 1992
    • Gleason J.F., et al. Record low global ozone in 1992. Science 260 (1993) 523-526
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 523-526
    • Gleason, J.F.1
  • 28
    • 0028977742 scopus 로고
    • 2 with submicrometer sulfuric acid aerosol
    • 2 with submicrometer sulfuric acid aerosol. Science 267 (1995) 1326-1328
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1326-1328
    • Hanson, D.R.1    Lovejoy, E.R.2
  • 29
    • 0024234022 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory studies of the nitric acid trihydrate: implication for the south polar stratosphere
    • Hanson D.R., and Mauersberger K. Laboratory studies of the nitric acid trihydrate: implication for the south polar stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15 (1988) 855-858
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 855-858
    • Hanson, D.R.1    Mauersberger, K.2
  • 30
    • 0033560537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric clouds over England
    • Hervig M. Stratospheric clouds over England. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 8 (1999) 1137-1140
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 1137-1140
    • Hervig, M.1
  • 31
    • 0036555043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical nitric acid clouds
    • 10.1029/2001GL014271
    • Hervig M., and McHugh M. Tropical nitric acid clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 7 (2002) 1125 10.1029/2001GL014271
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 1125
    • Hervig, M.1    McHugh, M.2
  • 32
    • 0000240065 scopus 로고
    • Balloon observations of a particle layer injected by stratospheric aircraft at 23 km
    • Hofmann D.J., and Rosen J.M. Balloon observations of a particle layer injected by stratospheric aircraft at 23 km. Geophys. Res. Lett. 5 (1978) 511-514
    • (1978) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 511-514
    • Hofmann, D.J.1    Rosen, J.M.2
  • 33
    • 0021532830 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the sulfuric acid weight percent in the stratospheric aerosol from the El Chichón eruption
    • Hofmann D.J., and Rosen J.M. Measurement of the sulfuric acid weight percent in the stratospheric aerosol from the El Chichón eruption. Geofis. Int. 23 (1984) 309-320
    • (1984) Geofis. Int. , vol.23 , pp. 309-320
    • Hofmann, D.J.1    Rosen, J.M.2
  • 34
    • 0024527416 scopus 로고
    • Ozone destruction through heterogeneous chemistry following the eruption of El Chichón
    • Hofmann D.J., and Solomon S. Ozone destruction through heterogeneous chemistry following the eruption of El Chichón. J. Geophys. Res. 94 (1989) 5029-5041
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 5029-5041
    • Hofmann, D.J.1    Solomon, S.2
  • 35
    • 0025656728 scopus 로고
    • Increase in the stratospheric background sulfuric acid aerosol mass in the past 10 years
    • Hofmann D.J. Increase in the stratospheric background sulfuric acid aerosol mass in the past 10 years. Science 248 (1990) 996-1000
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 996-1000
    • Hofmann, D.J.1
  • 36
    • 0016533205 scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric aerosol measurements, I, Time variations at northern midlatitudes
    • Hofmann D.J., Rosen J.M., Pepin T.J., and Pinnick R.G. Stratospheric aerosol measurements, I, Time variations at northern midlatitudes. J. Atmos. Sci. 32 (1975) 1446-1456
    • (1975) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 1446-1456
    • Hofmann, D.J.1    Rosen, J.M.2    Pepin, T.J.3    Pinnick, R.G.4
  • 37
    • 0032124723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of 25 years of balloon-borne aerosol data in search of a signature of the subsonic commercial aircraft fleet
    • Hofmann D.J., Stone R., Wood M., Deshler T., and Harris J. An analysis of 25 years of balloon-borne aerosol data in search of a signature of the subsonic commercial aircraft fleet. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 2433-2436
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 2433-2436
    • Hofmann, D.J.1    Stone, R.2    Wood, M.3    Deshler, T.4    Harris, J.5
  • 39
    • 0019211353 scopus 로고
    • Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere
    • Hunten D.M., Turco R.P., and Toon O.B. Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 37 (1980) 1342-1357
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1342-1357
    • Hunten, D.M.1    Turco, R.P.2    Toon, O.B.3
  • 40
    • 0030424405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space shuttle's impact on the stratosphere: an update
    • Jackman C.H., Considine D.B., and Fleming E.L. Space shuttle's impact on the stratosphere: an update. J. Geophys. Res. 101 D7 (1996) 12,523-12,529
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.D7
    • Jackman, C.H.1    Considine, D.B.2    Fleming, E.L.3
  • 41
    • 21244434284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term record of lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer at Garmisch-Partenkirchen
    • 10.1029/2004JD005506
    • Jäger H. Long-term record of lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer at Garmisch-Partenkirchen. J. Geophys. Res. 110 (2005) D08106 10.1029/2004JD005506
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Jäger, H.1
  • 46
    • 0033390519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aviation-produced aerosols and contrails
    • Kärcher B. Aviation-produced aerosols and contrails. Surv. Geophys. 20 (1999) 113-167
    • (1999) Surv. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 113-167
    • Kärcher, B.1
  • 48
    • 0033200882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of aircraft emissions to the atmospheric sulfur budget
    • Kjellstrom E., Feichter J., Sausen R., and Hein R. The contribution of aircraft emissions to the atmospheric sulfur budget. Atmos. Environ. 33 (1999) 3455-3465
    • (1999) Atmos. Environ. , vol.33 , pp. 3455-3465
    • Kjellstrom, E.1    Feichter, J.2    Sausen, R.3    Hein, R.4
  • 50
    • 0026481339 scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric temperature increases due to Pinatubo aerosols
    • Labitzke K., and McCormick M.P. Stratospheric temperature increases due to Pinatubo aerosols. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 207-210
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 207-210
    • Labitzke, K.1    McCormick, M.P.2
  • 53
    • 0019697483 scopus 로고
    • High-latitude stratospheric aerosols measured by the SAM II satellite system in 1978 and 1979
    • McCormick M.P., et al. High-latitude stratospheric aerosols measured by the SAM II satellite system in 1978 and 1979. Science 214 (1981) 328-331
    • (1981) Science , vol.214 , pp. 328-331
    • McCormick, M.P.1
  • 54
    • 0028831161 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric effects of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption
    • McCormick M.P., Thomason L.W., and Trepte C.R. Atmospheric effects of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Nature 373 (1995) 399
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 399
    • McCormick, M.P.1    Thomason, L.W.2    Trepte, C.R.3
  • 55
    • 0021744380 scopus 로고
    • The vertical sulfur dioxide distribution at the tropopause level
    • Meixner F.X. The vertical sulfur dioxide distribution at the tropopause level. J. Atmos. Chem. 2 (1984) 175-189
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.2 , pp. 175-189
    • Meixner, F.X.1
  • 56
    • 0032573487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury, and other elements in aerosols at 5 to 19 kilometers
    • Murphy D.M., Thomson D.S., and Mahoney M.J. In situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury, and other elements in aerosols at 5 to 19 kilometers. Science 282 (1998) 1664-1669
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1664-1669
    • Murphy, D.M.1    Thomson, D.S.2    Mahoney, M.J.3
  • 57
    • 0020082630 scopus 로고
    • The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism
    • Newhall C.G., and Self S. The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism. J. Geophys. Res. 87 (1982) 1231-1238
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 1231-1238
    • Newhall, C.G.1    Self, S.2
  • 59
    • 56249113924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precursor gas measurements, Chapter 2 of the SPARC assessment of stratospheric aerosol properties
    • Thomason L.W., and Peter Th. (Eds)
    • Notholt J., and Bingemer H. Precursor gas measurements, Chapter 2 of the SPARC assessment of stratospheric aerosol properties. In: Thomason L.W., and Peter Th. (Eds). WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4 (2006)
    • (2006) WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4
    • Notholt, J.1    Bingemer, H.2
  • 61
    • 33645810592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The observation of nitric acid-containing particles in the tropical lower stratosphere
    • Popp P.J., et al. The observation of nitric acid-containing particles in the tropical lower stratosphere. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 (2006) 601-611
    • (2006) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 601-611
    • Popp, P.J.1
  • 62
    • 0035689264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical characterization of pollution layers over the tropical Indian Ocean: signatures of emissions from biomass and fossil fuel burning
    • Reiner T., Sprung D., Jost C., Gabriel R., Mayol-Bracero O.L., and Andreae M.O. Chemical characterization of pollution layers over the tropical Indian Ocean: signatures of emissions from biomass and fossil fuel burning. J. Geophys. Res. 106 D22 (2001) 28497-28510
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , Issue.D22 , pp. 28497-28510
    • Reiner, T.1    Sprung, D.2    Jost, C.3    Gabriel, R.4    Mayol-Bracero, O.L.5    Andreae, M.O.6
  • 63
    • 0001146548 scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of dust to 30 km
    • Rosen J.M. The vertical distribution of dust to 30 km. J. Geophys. Res. 69 (1964) 4673-4676
    • (1964) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 4673-4676
    • Rosen, J.M.1
  • 64
    • 0000436029 scopus 로고
    • The boiling point of stratospheric aerosols
    • Rosen J.M. The boiling point of stratospheric aerosols. J. Appl. Meteorol. 10 (1971) 1044-1046
    • (1971) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.10 , pp. 1044-1046
    • Rosen, J.M.1
  • 65
    • 2642572608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equatorial aerosol-ozone structure and variations as observed by balloon-borne backscattersondes since 1995 at Natal, Brazil (6°S)
    • 10.1029/2003JD003715
    • Rosen J.M., Morales R.M., Kjome N.T., Kirchhoff V.W.J.H., and da Silva F.R. Equatorial aerosol-ozone structure and variations as observed by balloon-borne backscattersondes since 1995 at Natal, Brazil (6°S). J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) D03201 10.1029/2003JD003715
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Rosen, J.M.1    Morales, R.M.2    Kjome, N.T.3    Kirchhoff, V.W.J.H.4    da Silva, F.R.5
  • 66
    • 0022639188 scopus 로고
    • The hydrolysis of chlorine nitrate and its possible atmospheric significance
    • Rowland F.S., Sato H., Khwaja H., and Elliott S.M. The hydrolysis of chlorine nitrate and its possible atmospheric significance. J. Phys. Chem. 90 (1986) 1985-1988
    • (1986) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.90 , pp. 1985-1988
    • Rowland, F.S.1    Sato, H.2    Khwaja, H.3    Elliott, S.M.4
  • 68
    • 0026460417 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscope studies of Mt. Pinatubo aerosol layers over Laramie, Wyoming, during summer 1991
    • Sheridan P.J., Schnell R.C., Hofmann D.J., and Deshler T. Electron microscope studies of Mt. Pinatubo aerosol layers over Laramie, Wyoming, during summer 1991. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 203-206
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 203-206
    • Sheridan, P.J.1    Schnell, R.C.2    Hofmann, D.J.3    Deshler, T.4
  • 70
    • 0029730401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: Pyrheliometric period, 1881-1960
    • Stothers R.B. Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: Pyrheliometric period, 1881-1960. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 3901-3920
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 3901-3920
    • Stothers, R.B.1
  • 71
    • 56249147953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thomason, L.W., and Peter, Th. SPARC Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties (editors), WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4, 2006.
    • Thomason, L.W., and Peter, Th. SPARC Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties (editors), WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4, 2006.
  • 72
    • 0242485704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the stratospheric aerosol background periods of 1979 and 1989-1991
    • Thomason L.W., Kent G.S., Trepte C.R., and Poole L.R. A comparison of the stratospheric aerosol background periods of 1979 and 1989-1991. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 3611-3616
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 3611-3616
    • Thomason, L.W.1    Kent, G.S.2    Trepte, C.R.3    Poole, L.R.4
  • 73
    • 0031407662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global climatology of stratospheric aerosol surface area density deduced from stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment II measurements: 1984-1994
    • Thomason L.W., Poole L.R., and Deshler T. A global climatology of stratospheric aerosol surface area density deduced from stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment II measurements: 1984-1994. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 8967-8976
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8967-8976
    • Thomason, L.W.1    Poole, L.R.2    Deshler, T.3
  • 75
    • 0026446975 scopus 로고
    • Tropical stratospheric circulation deduced from satellite aerosol data
    • Trepte C.R., and Hitchman M.H. Tropical stratospheric circulation deduced from satellite aerosol data. Nature 355 (1992) 626-628
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 626-628
    • Trepte, C.R.1    Hitchman, M.H.2
  • 77
    • 0012074163 scopus 로고
    • The intensity of twilight and upper atmospheric dust
    • Volz F.E., and Goody R.M. The intensity of twilight and upper atmospheric dust. J. Atmos. Sci. 19 (1962) 385-406
    • (1962) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 385-406
    • Volz, F.E.1    Goody, R.M.2
  • 78
    • 56249088420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of stratospheric aerosols, Chapter 6 of the SPARC assessment of stratospheric aerosol properties
    • Thomason L.W., and Peter Th. (Eds)
    • Weisenstein D., and Bekki S. Modeling of stratospheric aerosols, Chapter 6 of the SPARC assessment of stratospheric aerosol properties. In: Thomason L.W., and Peter Th. (Eds). WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4 (2006)
    • (2006) WCRP-124, WMO/TD-No. 1295, SPARC Report No. 4
    • Weisenstein, D.1    Bekki, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.