The Life Cycle of Stratospheric Aerosol Particles

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 78, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 1395-1410

  Hamill, Patrick ^a   Jensen, Eric J ^b   Russeii, P B ^b   Bauman, Jill J ^c  

^a SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; STRATOSPHERE;

EID: 0031395761     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1395:TLCOSA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Appenzeller, C., and H. C. Davies, 1992: Structure of stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere. Nature, 358, 570-572.
2. Brewer, A. M., 1949: Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapor distribution in the stratosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 75, 351-363.
3. Brock, C. A., P. Hamill, J. C. Wilson, H. H. Jonsson, and K. R. Chan, 1995: Particle formation in the upper troposphere: A source of nuclei for the stratospheric aerosol. Science, 270, 1650-1653.
4. Chen, P., J. R. Holton, A. O'Neill, and R. Swinbank, 1994: Isentropic mass exchange between the Tropics and extratropics in the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3006-3018.
5. Chin, M., and D. D. Davis, 1995: A reanalysis of carbonyl sulfide as a source of stratospheric background aerosol. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8993-9005.
6. Clarke, A. D., 1993: Atmospheric nuclei in the Pacific midtroposphere: Their nature, concentration and evolution. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20 633-20 647.
7. COESA, 1967: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, 1966. U.S. Government Printing Office, 289 pp.
8. Dobson, G. M. B., 1956: Origin and distribution of polyatomic molecules in the atmosphere. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, 236, 187-193.
9. Doyle, G. J., 1961: Self-nucleation in the sulfuric acid-water system. J. Chem. Phys., 35, 795-799.
10. Fiocco, G., and G. Grams, 1964: Observations of the aerosol layer at 20 km by optical radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 323-324.
11. Fuchs, N. A., 1964: The Mechanics of Aerosols. Pergamon Press, 408 pp.
12. Goodman, J., K. G. Snetsinger, G. V. Ferry, N. H. Farlow, H. Y. Lem, and D. M. Hayes, 1982: Altitude variations in stratospheric aerosols of a tropical region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 609-612.
13. Grant, W. B., E. V. Browell, C. S. Long, L. L. Stowe, R. G. Grainger, and A. Lambert, 1996: Use of volcanic aerosols to study the tropical stratospheric reservoir. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3973-3988.
14. 4 aerosols by heteromolecular condensation. J. Aerosol Sci., 6, 475-482.
15. 2O solution aerosol particles in the stratosphere. J. Atmos Sci., 34, 150-162.
16. _, O. B. Toon, and C. S. Kiang, 1977b: Microphysical processes affecting stratospheric aerosol particles. J. Atmos Sci., 34, 1104-1119.
17. _, R. P. Turco, C. S. Kiang, O. B. Toon, and R. C. Whitten, 1982: An analysis of various nucleation mechanisms for sulfate particles in the stratosphere. J. Aerosol Sci., 13, 561-585.
18. Hitchman, M. H., M. McKay, and C. R. Trepte, 1994: A climatology of stratospheric aerosol. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20 689-20 700.
19. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McInryre, A. R. Douglass, R. R. Rood, and L. Pfister, 1995: Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange. Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439.
20. Hoskins, B. J., 1991: Toward a PV-Theta view of the general circulation. Tellus, 43(AB), 27-35.
21. Jensen, E. J., O. B. Toon, H. B. Selkirk, J. D. Spinhirne, and M. R. Schoeberl, 1996: On the formation and persistence of subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21361.
22. Junge, C. E., C. W. Chagnon, and J. E. Manson, 1961: Stratospheric aerosols. J. Meteor., 18, 81-108.
23. Kiang, C. S., and D. Stauffer, 1973: Chemical nucleation theory for various humidities and pollutants. Faraday Sym. Chem. Soc., 7, 26-33.
24. Loewenstein, M., J. R. Podolske, K. R. Chan, and S. E. Strahan, 1989: Nitrous oxide as a dynamical tracer in the 1987 airborne Antarctic ozone experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11 589-11 598.
25. McCormick, M. P., P. Hamill, T. J. Pepin, W. P. Chu, T. J. Swissler, and L. R. McMaster, 1979: Satellite studies of the stratospheric aerosol. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 60, 1038-1046.
26. _, and Coauthors, 1981: High latitude stratospheric aerosols measured by the SAM II satellite system in 1978 and 1979. Science, 214, 328-331.
27. _, H. M. Steele, P. Hamill, W. P. Chu, and T. J. Swissler, 1982: Polar stratospheric cloud sightings by SAM II. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1387-1397.
28. _, T. J. Swissler, W. H. Fuller, W. H. Hunt, and M. T. Osborne, 1984: Airborne and ground-based lidar measurements of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol from 90°N to 56°S. Geofis. Int., 23, 187-221.
29. _, P. Wang, and L. Poole, 1993: Stratospheric aerosols and clouds. Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, P. V. Hobbs, Ed., Academic Press, 205-222.
30. Pinnick, R. G., J. M. Rosen, and D. J. Hofmann, 1976: Stratospheric aerosol measurements IE: Optical model calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 304-413.
31. Pitari, G., V. Rizi, L. Ricciardulli, and G. Visconti, 1993: Highspeed civil transport impact: The role of sulfate, nitric acid trihydrate and ice aerosols studied with a two-dimensional model including aerosol physics. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23 141-23 164.
32. Plumb, R. A., 1996: A "tropical pipe" model of stratospheric transport. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3957-3972.
33. Price, J. D., and G. Vaughan, 1993: The potential for stratospheretroposphere exchange in cut-off-low systems. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 343-365.
34. Profitt, M. H., and Coauthors, 1989: A chemical definition of the boundary of the Antarctic ozone hole. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11 437-11 448.
35. 2 from the Mt. Pinatubo volcano. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1299-1302.
36. Reiss, H., 1950: The kinetics of phase transitions in binary systems. J. Chem. Phys, 18, 840-848.
37. Rosen, J. M., 1964: The vertical distribution of dust to 30 km. J. Geophys. Res., 69, 4673-4676.
38. _, 1971: The boiling point of stratospheric aerosols. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 1044-1045.
39. Rosenlof, K. H., 1995: The seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5173-5191.
40. _, and J. R. Holton, 1993: Estimates of the stratospheric residual circulation using the downward control principle. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10465-10479.
41. Steele, H. M., and P. Hamill, 1981: Effects of temperature and humidity on the growth and optical properties of sulphuric acid-water droplets in the stratosphere. J. Aerosol Sci., 12, 517-528.
42. Thomason, L. W., G. S. Kent, C. R. Trepte, and L. R. Poole, 1997: A comparison of the stratospheric aerosol background periods of 1979 and 1989-1991. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press.
43. Tie, X. X., X. Lin, and G. Brasseur, 1994: Two-dimensional coupled dynamical/chemical/microphysical simulation of global distribution of El Chichón volcanic aerosol. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16779-16792.
44. Toon, O. B., R. P. Turco, P. Hamill, C. S. Kiang, and R. C. Whitten, 1979: A one-dimensional model describing aerosol formation and evolution in the stratosphere: D. Sensitivity studies and comparison with observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 718-736.
45. Trepte, C. R., and M. Hitchman, 1992: Tropical stratospheric circulation deduced from satellite aerosol data. Nature, 355, 626-628.
46. _, R. E. Veiga, and M. P. McCormick, 1993: The poleward dispersal of Mount Pinatubo volcanic aerosol. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18 563-18 575.
47. Turco, R. P., P. Hamill, O. B. Toon, R. C. Whitten, and C. S. Kiang, 1979: A one-dimensional model describing aerosol formation and evolution in the stratosphere: I. Physical processes and mathematical analogs. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 699-717.
48. Young, R., H. Houben, and O. B. Toon, 1994: Radiatively forced dispersion of the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic cloud and induced temperature perturbations in the stratosphere during the first few months following the eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 369-372.
49. Yue, G. K., and A. Deepak, 1984: Latitudinal and altitudinal variation of size distribution of stratospheric aerosols inferred from SAGE aerosol extinction coefficient measurements at two wave-lengths. Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 999-1002.
50. _, M. P. McCormick, and E. W. Chiou, 1991: Stratospheric aerosol optical depth observed by the stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment II: Decay of the El Chichón and Ruiz volcanic perturbations. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5209-5219.
51. Zhao, J., O. B. Toon, and R. P. Turco, 1995a: Origin of condensation nuclei in the springtime polar stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5215-5227.
52. _, R. P. Turco, and O. B. Toon, 1995b: A model simulation of Pinatubo volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7315-7328.