The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: Blood pressure-lowering limb: Effects in patients with type II diabetes

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 26, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 2103-2111

  Östergren, Jan ^a   Poulter, Neil R ^b   Sever, Peter S ^b   Dahlöf, Björn ^c   Wedel, Hans ^d   Beevers, Gareth ^e   Caulfield, Mark ^f   Collins, Rory ^g   Kjeldsen, Sverre E ^h   Kristinsson, Arni ⁱ   McInnes, Gordon T ^j   Mehlsen, Jesper ^k   Nieminen, Markku ^l   OBrien, Eoin ^m  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^d Nordiska halsovardshogskolan   (Sweden)

^e CITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^g RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^h ULLEVÅL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

ⁱ LANDSPITALI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Iceland)

^j UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^k FREDERIKSBERG HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^l HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^m BEAUMONT HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

more..

Author keywords

Anglo Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial; Antihypertensive treatment; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular mortality; Coronary heart disease; Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Stroke

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ATENOLOL; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DOXAZOSIN; PERINDOPRIL; POTASSIUM; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

ADULT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTERY DISEASE; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG INTERMITTENT THERAPY; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVASCULARIZATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG COMBINATION; MIDDLE AGED; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; SCANDINAVIA; STROKE; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; AGED; AMLODIPINE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ATENOLOL; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERINDOPRIL; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; SCANDINAVIA; STROKE; THIAZIDES;

EID: 56049122434     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328310e0d9     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Kaplan N. Implications for cost effectiveness. Combination therapy for systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:595-597.
2. Kannel WB, Wilson PW, Zhang TJ. The epidemiology of impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension. Am Heart J 1991; 121:1268-1273.
3. Garcia MJ, McNamara PM, Gordon T, Kannel WB. Morbidity and mortality in diabetics in the Framingham population: sixteen year follow-up study. Diabetes 1974; 23:105-111.
4. Kannel WB. Importance of hypertension as a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease. In: Bosch J, Grozsman RJ, editors. Hypertension: physiopathology and treatment. New York: McGraw Hill; 1999. pp. 888-910.
5. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993; 16:434-444.
6. Shehadeh A, Regan TJ. Cardiac consequences of diabetes mellitus. Clin Cardiol 1995; 18:301-305.
7. Baba T, Neugebauer S,Watanabe T. Diabetic nephropathy. Its relationship to hypertension and means of pharmacological intervention. Drugs 1997; 54:197-234.
8. Curb D, Pressel SL, Cutler JA, Savage PJ, Applegate WB, Black H, et al. Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 1996; 276:1886-1892.
9. LievreM,Gueyffier F, Ekbom T, et al. INDANA Steering Committee. Efficacy of diuretics and b-blockers in diabetic hypertensive patients: results from a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2000; 23 (Suppl 2):B65-B71.
10. Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, BirkenhagerWH, et al. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:677-684.
11. Whelton PK, Barzilay J, CushmanWC, Davis BR, Iimahti E, Kostis JB, et al. Clinical outcomes in antihypertensive treatment of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose concentration, and normoglycemia: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Arch Int Med 2005; 165:1401-1409.
12. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. Arch Int Med 2005; 165:1410-1419.
13. Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, HiattWR, Biggerstaff SL, Gifford N, Schrier RW. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:645-652.
14. Niskanen L, Hedner T, Hansson L, Lanke J, Niklason A. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients on first-line therapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with a diuretic/beta-blocker- based treatment regimen: a subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:2091-2096.
15. Tatti P, Pahor M, Byington RP, DiMauro P, Guarisco R, Strollo G, Strollo F. Outcome results of the Fosinopril versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1998; 21:597-603.
16. Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlö f B, Devereux RB, Beevers G, de Faire U, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE):a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359:1004-1010.
17. Sever P, Dahlö f B, Poulter N, Wedel H, Beevers G, et al., for the ASCOT investigators. Rationale, design, methods and baseline demography of participants of the Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac Outcomes Trial. J Hypertens 2001; 19:1139-1147.
18. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR, Wedel H, et al., for the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361:1149-1158.
19. Dahlö f B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers DG, Caulfield M, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an amlodipine-based regimen compared with an atenolol-based regimen. The Anglo-Scandinavian CardiacOutcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:895-906.
20. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet PS. definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: provisional report of aWHO Consultation. DiabetMed 1998; 15:539-553.
21. Sever PS, Poulter NR, Dahlö f B, Wedel H, Collins R, Beevers G, et al. reduction in cardiovascular events with atorvastatin in 2532 patients with type 2 diabetes Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: Lipid- Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA). Diabetes Care 2005; 28:1151-1157.
22. Poulter NR, Wedel H, Dahlö f B, Sever PS, Beevers DG, Caulfield M, et al. Role of blood pressure and other variables in the differential cardiovascular event rates noted in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial- Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA). Lancet 2005; 366:907-913.
23. Nilsson PM, Gudbjö rnsdottir S, Eliasson B, Cederholm J, for the Steering Committee of the National Diabetes Register in Sweden. Hypertension in diabetes: trends in clinical control in repeated national surveys from Sweden 1996-99. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17:37-44.
24. Sever P, Dahlö f B, Poulter N, Wedel H, Beevers DG, Caulfield M, et al. Potential synergy between lipid-lowering and blood-pressure-lowering in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2982-2988.
25. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, Coresh J, Culleton B, Hamm LL, et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003; 108:2154-2169.
26. Manjunath G, Tighiouart H, Ibrahim H, MacLeod B, Salem DN, Griffith JL, et al. Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the community. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41:47-55.
27. Advance collaborative group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370:829-840.
28. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000; 355:243-259.
29. Weber MA, Bakris GL, Dahlö f B, Pitt B, Velazquez E, Gupte J, et al. Baseline characteristics in the Avoiding Cardiovascular events through COMbination therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial: a hypertensive population at high risk. Blood Pressure 2007; 16:13-19.
30. Manson JE, Tosteson H, Ridker PM, Satterfield S, Hebert P, O'Connor GT, et al. The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;326:2112-2120
31. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases.World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2003; 916:I-viii, 1-149.
32. Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, Howard VJ, Rumsfeld J, Manolio T, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2006; 113:e85-e151.
33. Bush TL. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 592:263-271.
34. Manson JE, Tosteson H, Ridker PM, Satterfield S, Hebert P, O'Connor GT, et al. The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1406-1416.
35. Staessen JA,Wang J, Bianchi G, BirkenhagerWH. Essential hypertension. Lancet 2003; 361:1629-1641.
36. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-1913.
37. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, et al., The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007; 25:1105-1187.
38. Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM,Weber MA, Michelson EL, Kaciroti N, et al.Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1685-1697.
39. Appel LJ, Brands MW, Daniels SR, Karanja N, Elmer PJ, Sacks FM. Dietary approaches to prevent and treat hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2006; 47:296-308.
40. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1011-1053.
41. Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, O'Brien E, Wareham N, Day N. Blood pressure and urinary sodium in men and women: the Norfolk Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1397-1403.
42. Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Hypertension and blood pressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC-Oxford. Public Health Nutr 2002; 5:645-654.
43. Psaltopoulou T, Naska A, Orfanos P, Trichopoulos D, Mountokalakis T, Trichopoulou A. Olive oil, the Mediterranean diet, and arterial blood pressure: the Greek European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1012-1018.
44. Rasmussen BM, Vessby B, UusitupaM, Berglund L, Pedersen E, Riccardi G, et al. Effects of dietary saturated,monounsaturated, and n-3 fatty acids on blood pressure in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:221-226.
45. Slimani N, Kaaks R, Ferrari P, Casagrande C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Lotze G et al. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC calibration study: rationale, design and population characteristics. Pub Health Nutr 2002; 5:1125-1145.
46. Pala V, Sieri S, Palli D, Salvini S, Berrino F, Bellegotti M, et al. Diet in th Italian EPIC cohorts: presentation of data and methodological issues. Tumori 2003; 89:594-607.
47. Salvini S, Parpinel M, Gnagnarella P, Maisonneuve P, Turrini A. Banca d di composizione degli alimenti per studi epidemiologici in Italia. Milan: Istituto Europeo di Oncologia; 1998.
48. Ainsworth BE, HaskellWL,Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, et Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and ME intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32:S498-S504.
49. Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Kramer H, Banegas JR,Giampaoli S, JoffresM et al. Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension 2004; 43:10-17.
50. Stamler R, Stamler J, Riedlinger WF, Algera G, Roberts RH. Weight an blood pressure. Findings in hypertension screening of 1 million American JAMA 01978; 240:1607-1610.
51. He J, Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Chen JY, Qian MC, He GQ. Body mass an blood pressure in a lean population in southwestern China. Am J Epidem 1994; 139:380-389.
52. Huang Z, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE Colditz GA. Body weight, weight change, and risk for hypertension in women. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:81-88.
53. Higgins M, D'Agostino R, KannelW, Cobb J, Pinsky J. Benefits and adver effects of weight loss. Observations from the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:758-763.
54. Aboderin I, Kalache A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lynch JW, Yajnik CS, Kuh D, Yach Life course perspectives on coronary heart disease, stroke and diabete Geneva: WHO; 2001.
55. Davey Smith G, Hart C, Upton M, Hole D, Gillis C, Watt G, Hawthorne Height and risk of death among men and women: aetiological implication of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54:97-103.
56. Langenberg C, Hardy R, Kuh D, Wadsworth ME. Influence of height, le and trunk length on pulse pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressur J Hypertens 2003; 21:537-543.
57. Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness:methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:2588-2605.
58. Raynor DK, Sharp JA, Rattenbury H, Towler RJ. Medicine information help lines: a survey of hospital pharmacy-based services in the UK and their conformity with guidelines. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34:106-111.
59. Lang T, Bureau JF, Degoulet P, Salah H, Benattar C. Blood pressure, coffee, tea and tobacco consumption: an epidemiological study in Algiers. Eur Heart J 1983; 4:602-607.
60. Goldbourt U, Medalie JH. Characteristics of smokers, nonsmokers and ex-smokers among 10,000 adult males inIsrael. II. Physiologic, biochemical and genetic characteristics. Am J Epidemiol 1977; 105:75-86.
61. Okubo Y, Miyamoto T, Suwazono Y, Kobayashi E, Nogawa K. An association between smoking habits and blood pressure in normotensive Japanese men. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16:91-96.
62. Green MS, Jucha E, Luz Y. Blood pressure in smokers and nonsmokers: epidemiologic findings. Am HeartJ 1986; 111:932-940.
63. Ascherio A, Hennekens C,WillettWC, Sacks F, Rosner B, Manson J, et al. Prospective study of nutritional factors, blood pressure, and hypertension among US women. Hypertension 1996; 27:1065-1072.
64. Beilin LJ, Rouse IL, Armstrong BK, Margetts BM, Vandongen R. Vegetarian diet and blood pressure levels: incidental or causal association Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48:806-810.
65. Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, Cutler JA, Havas S, Kotchen TA, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA 2002; 288:1882-1888.
66. Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas Y, Stefanadis C. The association between food patterns and the metabolic syndrome using principal components analysis: The ATTICA Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:979-987.
67. van Dam RM, Grievink L, OckéMC, Feskens EJ. Patterns of food consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the general Dutch population. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:1156-1163.
68. Schulze MB, Hoffmann K, Kroke A, Boeing H. Risk of hypertension among women in the EPIC-Potsdam Study: comparison of relative risk estimates for exploratory and hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:365-373.
69. Seppo L, Jauhiainen T, Poussa T, Korpela R. A fermented milk high in bioactive peptides has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:326-330.
70. Covas MI. Olive oil and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Res 2007; 55:175-186.
71. Puddey IB, Beilin LJ. Alcohol is bad for blood pressure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:847-852.
72. Fuchs FD, Chambless LE, Whelton PK, Nieto FJ, Heiss G. Alcohol consumption and the incidence of hypertension: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Hypertension 2001; 37:1242-1250.
73. Thadhani R, Camargo CA Jr, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC, WillettWC, Rimm EB. Prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension in young women. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:569-574.
74. Palatini P, Dorigatti F, Santonastaso M, Cozzio S, Biasion T, Garavelli G, et al. Association between coffee consumption and risk of hypertension. Ann Med 2007; 39Z:545-553.
75. WinkelmayerWC, Stampfer MJ,WillettWC, Curhan GC. Habitual caffeine intake and the risk of hypertension in women. JAMA 2005; 294:2330-2335.
76. Czernichow S, Blacher J, Hercberg S. Antioxidant vitamins and blood pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2004; 6:27-30.
77. Chen J, He J, Hamm L, Batuman V,Whelton PK. Serum antioxidant vitamins and blood pressure in the United States population. Hypertension 2002; 40:810-816.
78. Hajjar IM, Grim CE, George V, Kotchen TA. Impact of diet on blood pressure and age-related changes in blood pressure in the US population: analysis of NHANES III. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:589-593.
79. Hajjar IM,Grim CE, Kotchen TA. Dietary calcium lowers the age-related rise in blood pressure in the United States: the NHANES III survey. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2003; 5:122-126.
80. Weikert S, Boeing H, Pischon T, Weikert C, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, et al. Blood pressure and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167:438-446.
81. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA, et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 2006; 114:82-96.