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Conformations in which the counterions were positioned between thiophene rings and in-plane with them can be considered. We did not study such conformations since the positioning of the counterions next to one of the thiophene rings allowed a more systematic study of the effect of dopant position. We note that the differences between different in-plane conformations for doped oligothiophenes are below 1.5kcal · mol 1 per Cl3 in favor of conformations in which the counterions were positioned between thiophene rings, 17
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1 higher in energy than the inplane conformation.
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We note that for short unit cells PBC calculation require significantly more computational time than the calculations of oligomers of similar size. However, only few k-points are required for PBC calculations which use long unit cell n, 20, and such calculations for polymers require similar computational time to that of oligomers
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We note that for short unit cells PBC calculation require significantly more computational time than the calculations of oligomers of similar size. However, only few k-points are required for PBC calculations which use long unit cell (n = 20), and such calculations for polymers require similar computational time to that of oligomers.
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When the C1-C2 and C3-C4 bonds of a thiophene ring are shorter than the C2-C3 bond (so producing a Λ-shaped pattern in the sets of three linked data points shown in Fig. 2, the ring is considered aromatic (left scheme, By contrast, when the C1-C2 and C3-C4 bonds of a thiophene ring are longer than the C2-C3 bond (thus producing a V-shaped pattern in the sets of three linked data points shown in the Fig. 2, the ring is considered quinoid right scheme
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2-C3 bond (thus producing a V-shaped pattern in the sets of three linked data points shown in the Fig. 2), the ring is considered quinoid (right scheme).
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Although comparison of calculated mid-gaps with experimentally measured Vis-NIR spectra of doped polythiophene would be highly desirable, we believe that our calculated values, based on B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculated HOCO and LUCO energies can only be used for qualitative comparisons. Higher level calculations are required for quantitative comparison with experimental data
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Although comparison of calculated mid-gaps with experimentally measured Vis-NIR spectra of doped polythiophene would be highly desirable, we believe that our calculated values, based on B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculated HOCO and LUCO energies can only be used for qualitative comparisons. Higher level calculations are required for quantitative comparison with experimental data.
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