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1984, Heinicke defined the concept of mechanochemistry as follows, Akademie Verlag, Berlin
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In 1984, Heinicke defined the concept of mechanochemistry as follows: “Mechanochemistry is the branch of chemistry, which studies the solid-state physical and chemical transformations, which are induced by the application of mechanical influence”. G. Heinicke, Tribochemistry, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1984.
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for a qualitative summary of this model, see ref. 2c
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for a qualitative summary of this model, see ref. 2c.
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For reactions of this type performed without microwave irradiation, see
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For a discussion of some examples, in which “true sonochemical activation” occurs, see ref. 35a
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For a discussion of some examples, in which “true sonochemical activation” occurs, see ref. 35a.
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Recently, a very detailed study of solvent-free Knoevenagel condensations was reported. The authors also compared the effect of ball milling and microwave irradiation. With respect to the required energy input the former technique was by far superior to the latter. For details, see
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Recently, a very detailed study of solvent-free Knoevenagel condensations was reported. The authors also compared the effect of ball milling and microwave irradiation. With respect to the required energy input the former technique was by far superior to the latter. For details, see: R. Trotzki M. M. Hoffmann B. Ondruschka Green Chem. 2008 10 767-772.
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A critical analysis of those issues would also have to include aspects such as solvent amount (and energy input) for product extraction, vessel cleaning, product purification by crystallization and/or chromatography etc. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive analysis of this type has yet not been reported for organocatalytic reactions
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A critical analysis of those issues would also have to include aspects such as solvent amount (and energy input) for product extraction, vessel cleaning, product purification by crystallization and/or chromatography etc. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive analysis of this type has yet not been reported for organocatalytic reactions.
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For the application of all three techniques in Heck reactions, see
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