Ion implanted optical channel waveguides in Er3+/MgO co-doped near stoichiometric LiNbO3: A new candidate for active integrated photonic devices operating at 1.5 μm

Optics Express

Volumn 16, Issue 20, 2008, Pages 16209-16214

  Chen, Feng ^a   Tan, Yang ^a   Ródenas, Airán ^b  

^a SHANDONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ERBIUM; ION IMPLANTATION; LITHIUM COMPOUNDS; PHOTORESISTS; PLASMA FILLED WAVEGUIDES; WAVEGUIDES;

ACTIVE PHOTONIC DEVICES; FLUORESCENCE EMISSION; INTEGRATED PHOTONIC DEVICES; NEAR STOICHIOMETRIC; NEAR-STOICHIOMETRIC LITHIUM NIOBATE; OPTICAL CHANNEL WAVEGUIDE; OXYGEN ION IMPLANTATION; POST-IMPLANTATION;

PHOTONIC DEVICES;

ERBIUM; ION; LITHIUM NIOBATE; MAGNESIUM OXIDE; NIOBIUM; OXIDE; OXYGEN;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; LIGHT; METHODOLOGY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTON; SPECTROFLUOROMETRY; TEMPERATURE; THEORETICAL MODEL; TIME;

ALGORITHMS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; ERBIUM; IONS; LIGHT; MAGNESIUM OXIDE; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NIOBIUM; OXIDES; OXYGEN; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTONS; SPECTROMETRY, FLUORESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 54749124448     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.016209     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. A. Polman, "Erbium-implanted thin film photonic materials," J. Appl. Phys. 82, 1-39 (1997).
2. A. J. Kenyon, "Recent developments in rare-earth doped materials for optoelectronics," Prog. Quantum Electron. 26, 225-284 (2002).
3. 3," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 355-366 (1996).
4. 3 single crystal," J. Cryst. Growth 244, 49-52 (2002).
5. 3 waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1515-1517 (2003).
6. L. Arizmendi, "Photonic application of lithium niobate crystal," Phys. Stat. Solidi. 2, 253-283 (2004).
7. 3," in Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 2: Materials, edited by P. Günter and J.-P. Huignard (Springer, Berlin, 2007) pp. 127-164.
8. 3," Electron. Lett. 35, 499-501 (1999).
9. 3 single crystals and co-doped with MgO," Mater. Sci. Eng. B 105, 34-36 (2003).
10. 3," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 4367-4369 (2004).
11. 3 crystals," J. Appl. Phys. 99, 023101 (2006).
12. D. Kip, "Photorefractive waveguides in oxide crystals: fabrication, properties, and applications," Appl. Phys. B 67, 131-150 (1998).
13. 3 Channel Waveguide Lasers," J. Mod. Opt. 47, 1623 (2000).
14. 3+ as a waveguide laser material," Opt. Mater. 13, 181-186 (1999).
15. 3 waveguide laser," Electron. Lett. 26, 927-928, (1990).
16. 3 waveguide lasers and optical amplifiers," Appl. Opt. 31, 5276-5282 (1992).
17. 3 channel, waveguides fabricated by reverse proton exchange," Opt. Mater. 30, 1039-1043 (2008).
18. 3 channel waveguides," Opt. Express 15, 8805-8811 (2007).
19. 3 planar waveguide laser," Opt. Lett. 16, 481-483 (1991).
20. 3: Fabrication, characterization and simulation," J. Phys. D 40, 5824-5827 (2007).
21. 3 crystal produced by low-dose carbon, ion implantation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 021110 (2008).
22. P. D. Townsend, P. J. Chandler, and L. Zhang, Optical Effects of Ion Implantation (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1994).
23. J. Thomas, M. Heinrich, J. Burghoff, S. Nolte, A. Ancona, and A. Tünnermann, "Femtosecond laser-written quasi-phase-matched waveguides in lithium niobate," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 151108 (2007).
24. A. H. Nejadmalayeri and P. R. Herman, "Rapid thermal annealing in high repetition rate ultrafast laser waveguide writing in lithium niobate," Opt. Express 15, 10842-10854 (2007).
25. + implantation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191101 (2008).
26. C. Grivas, D. P. Shepherd, R. W. Eason, L. Laversenne, P. Moretti, C. N. Borca, and M. Pollnau, "Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of Ti:sapphire buried channel-waveguide lasers fabricated via proton implantation," Opt. Lett. 31, 3450-3452 (2006).
27. 12Nd,Tm single crystal, buried epitaxial layers for infrared to blue upconversion laser systems," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 031113 (2007).
28. 3: Planar optical, waveguide formation and characterization," J. Appl. Phys. 92, 6477-6483 (2002).
29. J. Olivares, A. García-Navarro, G. García, A. Méndez, F. Agulló-López, A. García-Cabañes, M. Carrascosa, and O. Caballero, "Nonlinear optical waveguides generated in lithium niobate by swift-ion irradiation at ultralow fluences," Opt. Lett. 32, 2587-2589 (2007).
30. 3+ ion implantation and selective white light illumination," Opt. Express 16, 10465-10470 (2008).
31. 3 optical waveguides fabricated using vapor transport equilibration and Ti co-diffusion," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3002-3004 (2004).
32. P.J. Chandler and F. L. Lama, "A new approach to the determination of planar waveguide profiles by means of a non-stationary mode index calculation," Optica Acta 33, 127-142 (1986).
33. E. Flores-Romero, G. V. Vázquez, H. Márquez, R. Rangel-Rojo, J. Rickards, and R. Trejo-Luna, "Optical, channel waveguides by proton, and carbon, implantation, in Nd:YAG crystals," Opt. Express 15, 8513-8520 (2007).
34. 4 optical waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 041103 (2006).
35. U. Schlarb and K. Betzler, "Refractive indices of lithium niobate as a function of temperature, wavelength and composition: A generalized fit," Phys. Rev. B 48, 15613-15620 (1993).
36. Rsoft Design Group, Computer software BeamPROP version 8.0, http://www.rsoftdesign.com.
37. 3 optical waveguide resonators," Appl. Phys. B 36, 143-147 (1985).