Heating policies during the primary and secondary drying stages of the lyophilization process in vials: Effects of the arrangement of vials in clusters of square and hexagonal arrys on trays

Drying Technology

Volumn 22, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 1539-1575

  Gan, K H ^a   Bruttini, R ^b   Crosser, O K ^a   Liapis, A I ^a  

^a MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b Criofarma Freeze Drying Equipment   (Italy)

Author keywords

Distribution of concentration of bound water; Distribution of temperature; Drying times; Freeze drying in vials; Heating policies; Hexagonal arrays of vials; Lyophilization in vials; Square arrays of vials; Surface geometry of moving interface; Velocity of moving interface

Indexed keywords

HEATING; SENSORS; THERMAL EFFECTS; WATER;

HEATING CONTROL POLICIES; LYOPHILIZATION;

DRYING;

DRYER;

DRYING; HEATING; SENSORS; WATER;

EID: 5444226300     PISSN: 07373937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/DRT-200025596     Document Type: Article

References (21)

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