Optical and photoluminescence properties of erbium-doped chalcogenide glasses (GeGaS:Er)

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1353-1360

  Kasap, Safa ^a   Koughia, Kirill ^a   Soundararajan, Gokulakrishnan ^a   Brik, Mikhail G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

Author keywords

Absorption and emission cross section; Chalcogenide glasses; Radiative lifetime; Rare earth doping

Indexed keywords

LIGHT EMISSION; LUMINESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUGAR (SUCROSE);

ABSORPTION AND EMISSION CROSS-SECTION; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; RADIATIVE LIFETIME; RARE-EARTH DOPING;

ERBIUM;

EID: 53349178104     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.921415     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. A. B. Seddon, "Chalcogenide glasses: A review of their preparation, properties and applications," J. Non-Cryst Solids, vol. 184, pp. 44-50, 1995.
2. J. S. Sanghera and I. D. Aggarwal, "Active and passive chalcogenide glass optical fibers for IR applications: A review," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 256/257, pp. 6-16, 1999.
3. A. K. Mairaj, M. N. Petrovich, Y. W. West, A. Fu, D. W. J. Harwood, L. N. Ng, T. M. Monro, N. G. Broderick, and D. W. Hewak, "Advances in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass for optical fibre and devices," Photon. West Boston - SPIE Fiber Opt. Sens. Technol. II, B, vol. 4204, pp. 278-285, Nov. 6-8, 2000.
4. A. Zakery and S.R. Elliott, "Optical properties and applications of chalcogenide glasses: A review," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 330, pp. 1-12, 2003.
5. V. Lyubin, M. Klebanov, A. Feigel, and B. Sfez, "Films of chalcogenide glassy semiconductors: New phenomena and applications," Thin Solid Films, vol. 459, pp. 183-186, 2004.
6. B. Bureau, X. H. Zhang, F. Smektala, J. L. Adam, J. Troles, H.-L. Ma, C. Boussard-Ple'del, J. Lucas, P. Lucas, D. Le Coq, M. R. Riley, and J. H. Simmons, "Recent advances in chalcogenide glasses," J. Non-Cryst Solids, vol. 345, pp. 276-283, 2004.
7. R. G. DeCorby, N. Ponnampalam, M. M. Pai, H. T. Nguyen, P. K. Dwivedi, T. J. Clement, C. J. Haugen, J. N. McMullin, and S. O. Kasap, "High index contrast waveguides in chalcogenide glass and polymer," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 539-546, Mar./Apr. 2005.
8. X. Zhang, H. Ma, and J. Lucas, "Applications of chalcogenide glass bulks and fibres," J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater:, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1327-1333, 2003.
9. 3+-doped gallium lanthanum sulfide glass," Mater. Lett., vol. 60, pp. 1350-1353, 2006.
10. P. Nemec and M. Frumar, "Chalcogenide based amorphous thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition," J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1047-1058, 2003.
11. P. Nemec, J. Jedelsky, M. Frumar, M. Munzar, M. Jeliinek, and J. Lancok, "On the optical properties of amorphous Ge-Ga-Se films prepared by pulsed laser deposition," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 326-327, pp. 53-57, 2003.
12. V. Nazabal, M. Cathelinaud, W. Shen, P. Nemec, F. Charpentier, H. Lhermite, M. L. Anne, J. Capoulade, F. Grasset, A. Moreac, S. Inoue, M. Frumar, J. L. Adam, M. Lequime, and C. Amra, "Chalcogenide coatings of Ge15Sb20S65 and Te20As30Se50," Appl. Opt., vol. 47, no. 13, pp. C114-C123, 2007.
13. V. S. Shiryaev, C. Boussard-Plédel, P. Houizot, T. Jouan, J. L. Adam, and J. Lucas, "Single- mode infrared fibers based on Te_As_Se glass system," Mater. Sci. Eng. B, vol. 127, no. 2/3, pp. 138-143, 2006.
14. D. Aggarwal and J. S. Sanghera, "Development and applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers at NRL," J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 665-678, 2002.
15. K. Shimakawa, A. Kolobov, and S. R. Elliott, "Photoinduced effects and metastability in amorphous semiconductors and insulators," Adv. Phys., vol. 44, pp. 475-588, 1995.
16. K. Shimakawa, Y. Ikeda, and S. Kugler, "Fundamental optoelectronic processes in amorphous chalcogenides," in Non-Crystalline Materials for Optoelectronics. Bucharest, Romania: INOE Publishing House, 2004, ch. 5, pp. 103-130.
17. A. Kolobov, Ed., Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003.
18. M. Frumar, B. Frumarova, T. Wagner, and Nemec, "Photoinduced anisotropy in chalcogenide glassy semiconductors," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 2, pp. 23-39.
19. K. Shimakawa, "Dynamics of photo-induced metastability in amorphous chalcogenides," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 4, pp. 58-68.
20. K. Tanaka, "Sub-gap photo-induced phenomena in chalcogenide glasses," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 5, pp. 69-86.
21. V. M. Lyubin and M. L. Klebanov, "Photoinduced anisotropy in chalcogenide glassy semiconductors," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 6, pp. 91-106.
22. M. Stuchlik, P. Krecmer, and S. R. Elliott, "The optomechanical effect in amorphous chalcogenide films," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 7, pp. 138-158.
23. 3," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 9, pp. 109-117.
24. T. Wagner and M. Frumar, "Optically-induced diffusion and dissolution of metals in amorphous chalcogenides," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 10, pp. 160-177.
25. T. Ohta and S. R. Ovshinsky, "Phase-change optical storage media," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amor-phous Semiconductors, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 18, pp. 310-324.
26. J. Tominaga, "Application of Ge-Sb-Te glasses for ultrahigh-density optical storage," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 19, pp. 327-336.
27. J. M. González-Leal, P. Krecmer, J. Prokop, and S. R. Elliott, "Evaluation of multiplexing in high-density holographic memories," in PhotoInduced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 20, pp. 338-355.
28. P. J. S. Ewen, "Applications of the photodissolution effect in chalcogenide glasses," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors. Weinheim., Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 22, pp. 365-380.
29. K. Richardson, T. Cardinal, M. Richardson, A. Schulte, and S. Seal, "Engineering glassy chalcogenide materials for integrated optics applications," in Photo-Induced Metastability Amorphous Semiconductors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley/VCH, 2003, ch. 23, pp. 383-402 (and references therein).
30. T. Schweizer, D. J. Brady, and D. W. Hewak, "Fabrication and spectroscopy of erbium, doped gallium lanthanum sulphide glass fibres for mid-infrared laser applications," Opt. Exp., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 104-107, 1997.
31. 3 doped stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric Ge-Ga-Se glasses," Phys. Chem. Glasses, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 215-219, 2005.
32. x bulk glasses," J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., vol. 18, pp. S231-S234, 2007.
33. S. Q. Gu, S. Ramachandran, E. E. Reuter, D. A. Turnbull, J. T. Verdeyen, and S. G. Bishop, "Photoluminescence and excitation spectroscopy of Er-doped As2S3 glass: Novel broad band excitation mechanism," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 77, pp. 3365-3371, 1995.
34. C. C. Ye, M. Hempstead, D. W. Hewak, and D. N. Payne, "Proposal for an Er/sup 3+/-doped chalcogenide glass fiber upconversion operating at 980 nm and pumped at 1480 nm," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1104-1106, Aug. 1997.
35. D. A. Turnbull and S. G. Bishop, "Rare earth dopants as probes of localized states in chalcogenide glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 223, pp. 105-113, 1998.
36. 65," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 244, pp. 260-266, 1999.
37. 3+ ions," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 256/257, pp. 378-382, 1999.
38. J. Fick, E. J. Knystautas, A. Villeneuve, F. Schiettekatte, S. Roorda, and K. A. Richardson, "High, performance in erbium-doped chalcogenide thin films," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 272, pp. 200-208, 2000.
39. C. J. Haugen, D. T. Tonchev, R. G. Decorby, J. N. McMullin, T. Allen, K. Maeda, T. Ikari, and S. O. Kasap, "Photoluminescence and thermal properties of Er-doped As-Se-Ga-Ge based glasses," Nonlinear Opt, vol. 29, pp. 549-555, 2002.
40. 3+-doped Ge-Ga-As-S glasses," J. Non-Cryst Solids, vol. 278, no. 1-3, pp. 137-144, 2000.
41. 3+-doped chalcogenide glasses," Opt. Mater., vol. 24, no. 1/2, pp. 97-102, 2003.
42. 100-x glasses," Opt. Mater., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 225-230, 2006.
43. S. O. Kasap, K. Koughia, M. Munzar, D. Tonchev, D. Saitou, and T. Aoki, "Recent photoluminescence research on chalcogenide glasses for photonics applications," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 353, no. 13-15, pp. 1364-1371, 2007.
44. 4," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 93, pp. 3345-3351, 2003.
45. K. Koughia, M. Munzar, D. Tonchev, C. Haugen, R. Decorby, J. N. McMullin, and S. O. Kasap, "Photoluminescence of Er-doped Ge-Ga-Se glasses," J. Lumin., vol. 112, pp. 92-96, 2005.
46. K. Maeda, T. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Ikari, M. Munzar, D. Tonchev, S. O. Kasap, and G. Lucovsky, "Effect of Ga on the structure of Ge-Se-Ga glasses from thermal analysis, Raman and XPS measurements," J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., vol. 18, pp. S367-S370, 2007.
47. 3 doped stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric Ge-Ga-Se glasses," Phys. Chem. Glasses, vol. 46, pp. 215-219, 2005.
48. 1-x glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 326/327, pp. 364-368, 2003.
49. 100-x glasses," Opt. Mater., vol. 28, pp. 225-230, 2006.
50. B. R. Judd, "Optical absorption intensities of rare-earth ions," Phys. Rev., vol. 127, pp. 750-761, 1962.
51. G. S. Ofelt, "Intensities of crystal spectra of rare-earth ions," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 511-520, 1962.
52. Y. Ohishi, "Rare-earth ions in glasses and transitions for optical amplification," in Optical Fiber Amplifiers: Materials, Devices, and Applications, S. Sudo, Ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1997, ch. 3, pp. 149-191.
53. Handbook on the physics and Chemistry of rare Earth, vol. 25, K. A. Gschneider, Jr. and L. R. Eyring, Eds. New York: Elsevier, 1998.
54. T. Förster, "10th Spiers memorial lecture transfer mechanisms of electronic excitation," Dis. Faraday Soc., vol. 27, pp. 7-17, 1959.
55. D. L. Dexter, "A theory of sensitized luminescence in solids," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 21, pp. 836-850, 1953.
56. L. A. Riseberg and M. J. Weber, Progress in Optics, vol. 14, E. Wolf, Ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1976, pp. 91-.159.
57. F. Auzel, F. Bonfigli, S. Cagliari, and G. Baldacchini, "The interplay of self-trapping and self-quenching for resonant transitions in solids; role of cavity," J. Lumin., vol. 94/95, pp. 293-297, 2001.
58. D. S. Sumida and T. Y. Fan, "Effects of radiation trapping on fluorescence lifetime and emission cross section measurements in solid-state laser media," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1343-1345, 1994.
59. 2-based glasses," Europhys. Lett., vol. 71, pp. 394-399, 2005.
60. K. Koughia, D. Saitou, T. Aoki, M. Munzar, and S. O. Kasap, "Photoluminescence lifetime spectrum in erebium doped Ge-Ga-S glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 352, pp. 2420-2424, 2006.
61. 3+-ions in new tellurite glasses," Opt. Mater., vol. 26, pp. 267-270, 2004.
62. M. Munzar, K. Koughia, S. O. Kasap, C. Haugen, R. DeCorby, and J. N. McMullin, "Photoluminescence properties of Er-doped Ge-Ga-Se glasses," Phys. Chem. Glasses: Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. B, vol. 47, pp. 220-224, 2006 (presented at the GOMD Fall Meeting and 14th Int. Symp. Non-Oxide Glasses, Cocoa, FL, Nov. 7-12, 2004).
63. S. O. Kasap, K. Koughia, M. Munzar, D. Tonchev, D. Saitou, and T. Aoki, "Recent photoluminescence research, on chalcogenide glasses for photonics applications," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 353, pp. 1364-1371, 2007.
64. D. E. McCumber, "Einstein relations connecting broadband emission and absorption spectra," Phys. Rev., vol. 136, pp. A954-A957, 1964.
65. R. S. Quimby, W. J. Miniscalco, and B. Thompson, "Clustering in erbiumdoped silica glass fibers analyzed using 980 nm excited-state absorption," J. Appl Phys., vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 4472-4478, 1994.
66. E. Desurvire, Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers. New York: Wiley, 1994.
67. E. Snitzer, "Lasers and glass technology," Ceram. Bull., vol. 52, pp. 388, 1973.
68. A. M. Leushin, Tables of Functions Transforming as Irreducible Representations of the Crystallographic Point Groups (in Russian): Moscow, Russia: Nauka, 1968.
69. G. F. Koster, J. O. Dimmock, R. G. Wheeler, and H. Statz, Properties of the Thirty-Two Point Groups. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1963.
70. L. Wetenkamp, G. F. Weast, and H. Tobben, "Optical properties of rare earth-doped ZBLAN glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 140, pp. 35-40, 1992.
71. S. Tanabe, "Optical transitions of rare earth ions for amplifiers: How the local structure works in glass," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 259, pp. 1-9, 1999.
72. 3 glasses," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 83, pp. 19-27, 1998.
73. 3+ system," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 298, pp. 7-14, 2002.