Current status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan

Acta Medica Okayama

Volumn 62, Issue 4, 2008, Pages

  Miyake, Yasuhiro ^a   Yamamoto, Kazuhide ^a  

^a OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Autoimmune hepatitis; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Pathogenesis; Prognosis

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; JAPAN; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; AZATHIOPRINE; HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; JAPAN; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PROGNOSIS;

EID: 53149138967     PISSN: 0386300X     EISSN: 0386300X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Waldenström L: Leber, Blutprotein und Narungseiweisse. Dtsch Gesellsch Verd Stroffw (1950) 15: 113-119.
2. Krawitt EL: Autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med (2006) 354: 54-66.
3. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Okamaoto R, Ikeda H, Makino Y, Kobashi H, Takaguchi K, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: Persistent elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase levels leads to poor survival and hepatocellular carcinoma development in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2006) 24: 1197-1205.
4. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Takagi S, Okamaoto R, Ikeda H, Sakai N, Makino Y, Kobashi H, Takaguchi K, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: Persistent normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase levels improves the prognosis of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol (2005) 43: 951-957.
5. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW and Houghton M: Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science (1989) 244: 359-362.
6. Cassani F, Cataleta M, Valentini P, Muratori P, Giostra F, Francesconi R, Muratori L, Lenzi M, Bianchi G, Zauli D and Bianchi FB: Serum autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C: comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and impact on the disease profile. Hepatology (1997) 26: 561-566.
7. Johnson PJ and McFarlane IG: Meeting report: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Hepatology (1993) 18: 998-1005.
8. Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, Chapman RW, Cooksley WGE, Czaja AJ, Desmet VJ, Donaldson PT, Eddleston ALWF, Fainboim L, Heathcote J, Homberg JC, Hoofnagle JH, Kakumu S, Krawitt EL, Mackay IR, MacSween RNM, Maddrey WC, Manns MP, McFarlane IG, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Mieli-Vergani G, Nakanuma Y, Nishioka M, Penner E, Porta G, Portmann BC, Reed WD, Rodes J, Schalm SW, Scheuer PJ, Schrumpf E, Seki T, Toda G, Tsuji T, Tygstrup N, Vergani D and Zeniya M: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol (1999) 31: 929-938.
9. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Onishi T, Okamoto R, Takaguchi K, Ikeda H, Makino Y, Kobashi H, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: Clinical features of Japanese type 1 autoimmune hepatitis patients with zone III necrosis. Hepatol Res (2007) 37: 801-805.
10. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: Clinical features of Japanese male patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2006) 24: 519-523.
11. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Onishi T, Okamoto R, Sakai N, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: Clinical characteristics of fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis: an analysis of eleven cases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2006) 23: 1347-1353.
12. Czaja AJ and Carpenter HA: Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury. Hepatology (2001) 34: 659-665.
13. Germano V, Picchianti Diamanti A, Baccano G, Natale E, Onetti Muda A, Priori R and Valesini G: Autoimmune hepatitis associated with infliximab in a patient with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis (2005) 64: 1519-1520.
14. Goldstein NS, Bayati N, Silverman AL and Gordon SC: Minocycline as a cause of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Report of four cases and comparison with autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Clin Pathol (2000) 114: 591-598.
15. Pelli N and Setti M: Atorvastatin as a trigger of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol (2004) 40: 716.
16. Berry PA and Smith-Laing G: Hepatitis A vaccine associated with autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol (2007) 13: 2238-2239.
17. Huppertz HI, Treichel U, Gassel AM, Jeschke R and Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH: Autoimmune hepatitis following hepatitis A virus infection. J Hepatol (1995) 23: 204-208.
18. Zizer E, Hasel C, Seufferlein T, Adler G and Dikopoulos N: A 40-Year-old female patient with seronegative autoimmune hepatitis following a newly acquired hepatitis B infection. Z Gastroenterol (2008) 46: 201-205 (in German).
19. Vento S, Cainelli F, Renzini C and Concia E: Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 induced by HCV and persisting after viral clearance. Lancet (1997) 350: 1298-1299.
20. Vento S, Guella L, Mirandola F, Cainelli F, Di Perri G, Solbiati M, Ferraro T and Concia E: Epstein-Barr virus as a trigger for autoimmune hepatitis in susceptible individuals. Lancet (1995) 346: 608-609.
21. Marceau G, Lapierre P, Béland K, Soudeyns H and Alvarez F: LKM1 autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C infection: a case of molecular mimicry? Hepatology (2005) 42: 675-682.
22. Vento S, GarofanoT, Di Perri G, Dolci L, Concia E and Bassetti D: Identification of hepatitis A virus as a trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 1 in susceptible individuals. Lancet (1991) 337: 1183-1187.
23. Czaja AJ and Donaldson PT: Genetic susceptibilities for immune expression and liver cell injury in autoimmune hepatitis. Immunol Rev (2000) 174: 250-259.
24. Doherty DG, Donaldson PT, Underhill JA, Farrant JM, Duthie A, Mieli-Vergani G, McFarlane IG, Johnson PJ, Eddleston AL, Mowat AP and Williams R: Allelic sequence variation in the HLA class II genes and proteins in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology (1994) 19: 609-615.
25. Longhi MS, Ma Y, Mitry RR, Bogdanos DP, Heneghan M, Cheeseman P, Mieli-Vergani G and Vergani D: Effect of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells on CD8 T-cell function in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun (2005) 25: 63-71.
26. Longhi MS, Hussain MJ, Mitry RR, Arora SK, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Ma Y: Functional study of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in health and autoimmune hepatitis. J Immunol (2006) 176: 4484-4491.
27. Somerset DA, Zheng Y, Kilby MD, Sansom DM and Drayson MT: Normal human pregnancy is associated with an elevation in the immune suppressive CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T-cell subset. Immunology (2004) 112: 38-43.
28. Buchel E, Van Steenbergen W, Nevens F and Fevery J: Improvement of autoimmune hepatitis during pregnancy followed by flare-up after delivery. Am J Gastroenterol (2002) 97: 3160-3165.
29. Toda G, Zeniya M, Watanabe F, Imawari M, Kiyosawa K, Nishioka M, Tsuji T and Omata M: Present status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan-correlating the characteristics with international criteria in an area with a high rate of HCV infection. Japanese National Study Group of Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Hepatol (1997) 26: 1207-1212.
30. Papamichalis PA, Zachou K, Koukoulis GK, Veloni A, Karacosta EG, Kypri L, Mamaloudis I, Gabeta S, Rigopoulou EI, Lohse AW and Dalekos GN: The revised international autoimmune hepatitis score in chronic liver diseases including autoimmune hepatitis/overlap syndromes and autoimmune hepatitis with concurrent other liver disorders. J Autoimmune Dis (2007) 4: 3-14.
31. Kaya M, Angulo P and Lindor KD: Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: an evaluation of a modified scoring system. J Hepatol (2000) 33: 537-542.
32. Omagari K, Masuda J, Kato Y, Nakata K, Kanematsu T, Kusumoto Y, Mori I, Furukawa R, Tanioka H, Tajima H, Koga M, Yano M and Kohno S: Re-analysis of clinical features of 89 patients with autoimmune hepatitis using the revised scoring system proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Intern Med (2000) 39: 1008-1012.
33. Ebbeson RL and Schreiber RA: Diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis in children: is the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group scoring system useful? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol (2004) 2: 935-940.
34. Farias AQ, Gonçalves LL, Bittencourt PL, De Melo ES, Abrantes-Lemos CP, Porta G, Nakhle MC, Carrilho FJ and Cancado EL: Applicability of the IAIHG scoring system to the diagnosis of anti-mitochondrial/anti-M2 seropositive variant form of autoimmune hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (2006) 21: 887-893.
35. Yatsuji S, Hashimoto E, Kaneda H, Taniai M, Tokushige K and Shiratori K: Diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: is the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group scoring system useful? J Gastroenterol (2005) 40: 1130-1138.
36. Hayashi N, Koshiba M, Nishimura K, Sugiyama D, Nakamura T, Morinobu S, Kawano S and Kumagai S: Prevalence of disease-specific antinuclear antibodies in general population: estimates from annual physical examinations of residents of a small town over a 5-year period. Mod Rheumatol (2008) 18: 153-160.
37. Seki T, Ota M, Furuta S, Fukushima H, Kondo T, Hino K, Mizuki N, Ando A, Tsuji K, Inoko H and Kiyosawa K: HLA class II molecules and autoimmune hepatitis susceptibility in Japanese patients. Gastroenterology (1992) 103: 1041-1047.
38. Strettell MD, Donaldson PT, Thomson LJ, Santrach PJ, Moore SB, Czaja AJ and Williams R: Allelic basis for HLA-encoded susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology (1997) 112: 2028-2235.
39. Czaja AJ, Strettell MD, Thomson LJ, Santrach PJ, Moore SB, Donaldson PT and Williams R: Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology (1997) 25: 317-323.
40. Homberg JC, Abuaf N, Bernard O, Islam S, Alvarez F, Khalil SH, Poupon R, Darnis F, Levy VG, Grippon P, Opolon P, Bernuau J, Benhamou JP and Alagille D: Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver/kidney microsome antibody type 1: a second type of "autoimmune" hepatitis. Hepatology (1987) 7: 1333-1339.
41. Muratori L, Cataleta M, Muratori P, Lenzi M and Bianchi FB: Liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 and liver cytosol antibody type 1 concentrations in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis. Gut (1998) 42: 721-726.
42. Djilali-Saiah I, Fakhfakh A, Louafi H, Caillat-Zucman S, Debray D and Alvarez F: HLA class II influences humoral autoimmunity in patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol (2006) 45: 844-850.
43. Manns M, Gerken G, Kyriatsoulis A, Staritz M and Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH: Characterisation of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen. Lancet (1987) 1: 292-294.
44. Kanzler S, Weidemann C, Gerken G, Löhr HF, Galle PR, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH and Lohse AW: Clinical significance of autoantibodies to soluble liver antigen in autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol (1999) 31: 635-640.
45. Czaja AJ and Donaldson PT: Gender effects and synergisms with histocompatibility leukocyte antigens in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol (2002) 97: 2051-2057.
46. Ichai P, Duclos-Vallée JC, Guettier C, Hamida SB, Antonini T, Delvart V, Saliba F, Azoulay D, Castaing D and Samuel D: Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Transpl (2007) 13: 996-1003.
47. Bernal W, Ma Y, Smith HM, Portmann B, Wendon J and Vergani D: The significance of autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in acute liver failure: a cohort study. J Hepatol (2007) 47: 664-670.
48. Sato Y, Harada K, Sudo Y, Watanabe K, Nakahama T, Morimoto H and Nakanuma Y: Autoimmune hepatitis associated with bile duct injury resembling chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis. Pathol Int (2002) 52: 478-482.
49. Abdalian R, Dhar P, Jhaveri K, Haider M, Guindi M and Heathcote EJ: Prevalence of sclerosing cholangitis in adults with autoimmune hepatitis: evaluating the role of routine magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatology (2008) 47: 949-957.
50. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Nagano T, Kobashi H, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: A model for estimating cirrhosis in patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res (2008) 38: 658-663.
51. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Takaki A, Onishi T, Okamoto R, Takaguchi K, Ikeda H, Makino Y, Kobashi H, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: Human leukocyte antigen DR status and clinical features in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res (2008) 38: 96-102.
52. Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Takaki A, Kobashi H, Sakaguchi K and Shiratori Y: Clinical features of Japanese elderly patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Intern Med (2007) 46: 1945-1949.
53. Czaja AJ and Carpenter HA: Distinctive clinical phenotype and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly. Hepatology (2006) 43: 532-538.
54. Verslype C, George C, Buchel E, Nevens F, van Steenbergen W and Fevery J: Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis at age 65 and older. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2005) 21: 695-699.
55. Roberts SK, Therneau TM and Czaja AJ: Prognosis of histological cirrhosis in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology (1996) 110: 848-857.
56. Donaldson PT, Doherty DG, Hayllar KM, McFarlane IG, Johnson PJ and Williams R: Susceptibility to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: human leukocyte antigens DR4 and A1-B8-DR3 are independent risk factors. Hepatology (1991) 13: 701-706.
57. Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ and Moore SB: Significance of HLA DR4 in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology (1993) 105: 1502-1507.
58. Czaja AJ and Freese DK; American Association for the Study of Liver Disease: Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology (2002) 36: 479-497.
59. Montano-Loza AJ, Carpenter HA and Czaja AJ: Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease. Hepatology (2007) 46: 1138-1145.
60. Montano-Loza AJ, Carpenter HA and Czaja AJ: Consequences of treatment withdrawal in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int (2007) 27: 507-515.
61. Czaja AJ and Carpenter HA: Histological features associated with relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int (2003) 23: 116-123.
62. Montano-Loza AJ, Carpenter HA and Czaja AJ: Improving the end point of corticosteroid therapy in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis to reduce the frequency of relapse. Am J Gastroenterol (2007) 102: 1005-1012.
63. Czaja AJ, Menon KV and Carpenter HA: Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective analysis. Hepatology (2002) 35: 890-897.
64. Seela S, Sheela H and Boyer JL: Autoimmune hepatitis type 1: safety and efficacy of prolonged medical therapy. Liver Int (2005) 25: 734-739.
65. Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG and Williams R: Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med (1995) 333: 958-963.
66. de Boer NK, Jarbandhan SV, de Graaf P, Mulder CJ, van Elburg RM and van Bodegraven AA: Azathioprine use during pregnancy: unexpected intrauterine exposure to metabolites. Am J Gastroenterol (2006) 101: 1390-1392.
67. Heneghan MA, Norris SM, O'Grady JG, Harrison PM and McFarlane IG: Management and outcome of pregnancy in autoimmune hepatitis. Gut (2001) 48: 97-102.
68. Heneghan MA, Allan ML, Bornstein JD, Muir AJ and Tendler DA: Utility of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping, and measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol (2006) 45: 584-591.
69. Czaja AJ and Carpenter HA: Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency and azathioprine intolerance in autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci (2006) 51: 968-975.
70. Nakamura K, Yoneda M, Yokohama S, Tamori K, Sato Y, Aso K, Aoshima M, Hasegawa T and Makino I: Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (1998) 13: 490-495.
71. Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA and Lindor KD: Ursodeoxycholic acid as adjunctive therapy for problematic type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled treatment trial. Hepatology (1999) 30: 1381-1386.
72. Vogel A, Heinrich E, Bahr MJ, Rifai K, Flemming P, Melter M, Klempnauer J, Nashan B, Manns MP and Strassburg CP: Long-term outcome of liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Transplant (2004) 18: 62-69.
73. González-Koch A, Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Roberts SK, Charlton MR, Porayko MK, Rosen CB and Wiesner RH: Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl (2001) 7: 302-310.
74. Ratziu V, Samuel D, Sebagh M, Farges O, Saliba F, Ichai P, Farahmand H, Gigou M, Fèray C, Reynès M and Bismuth H: Long-term follow-up after liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: evidence of recurrence of primary disease. J Hepatol (1999) 30: 131-141.
75. Duclos-Vallée JC, Sebagh M, Rifai K, Johanet C, Ballot E, Guettier C, Karam V, Hurtova M, Feray C, Reynes M, Bismuth H and Samuel D: A 10 year follow up study of patients transplanted for autoimmune hepatitis: histological recurrence precedes clinical and biochemical recurrence. Gut (2003) 52: 893-897.
76. Czaja AJ and Carpenter HA: Decreased fibrosis during corticosteroid therapy of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol (2004) 40: 646-652.
77. Ryder SD, Koskinas J, Rizzi PM, McFarlane IG, Portmann BC, Naoumov NV and Williams R: Hepatocellular carcinoma complicating autoimmune hepatitis: role of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology (1995) 22: 718-722.
78. Miyake Y, Sakaguchi K, Tanaka H, Nakamura S, Kobayashi Y, Fujioka S, Iwasaki Y and Shiratori Y: Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a woman with HBV- and HCV-negative autoimmune hepatitis with unsatisfactory response to corticosteroid. Intern Med (2005) 44: 949-953.
79. Muratori P, Czaja AJ, Muratori L, Pappas G, Maccariello S, Cassani F, Granito A, Ferrari R, Mantovani V, Lenzi M and Bianchi FB: Genetic distinctions between autoimmune hepatitis in Italy and North America. World J Gastroenterol (2005) 11: 1862-1866.
80. Feld JJ, Dinh H, Arenovich T, Marcus VA, Wanless IR and Heathcote EJ: Autoimmune hepatitis: effect of symptoms and cirrhosis on natural history and outcome. Hepatology (2005) 42: 53-62.
81. Al-Chalabi T, Boccato S, Portmann BC, McFarlane IG and Heneghan MA: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the elderly: a systematic retrospective analysis of a large group of consecutive patients with definite AIH followed at a tertiary referral centre. J Hepatol (2006) 45: 575-583.