Hematopoietic SCT from partially HLA-mismatched (HLA-haploidentical) related donors

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 365-377

  Symons, H J ^a   Fuchs, E J ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; BUSULFAN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; CYTARABINE; FLUDARABINE; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; SEMUSTINE; SIPLIZUMAB; THIOTEPA; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY;

ALLOIMMUNITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DONOR; DONOR LYMPHOCYTE INFUSION; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; GRAFT FAILURE; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HEMATOPOIESIS; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HLA MATCHING; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONMYELOABLATIVE CONDITIONING; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELAPSE; RELATIVE; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD;

CORD BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; GRAFT REJECTION; GRAFT SURVIVAL; GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING; HLA ANTIGENS; HUMANS; LIVING DONORS; RISK FACTORS; SURVIVAL RATE; TRANSPLANTATION CONDITIONING; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS;

EID: 53149087795     PISSN: 02683369     EISSN: 14765365     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.215     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Szydlo R, Goldman JM, Klein JP, Gale RP, Ash RC, Bach FH et al. Results of allogeneic bone marrow transplants for leukemia using donors other than HLA-identical siblings. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 1767-1777.
2. Beatty PG. The immunogenetics of bone marrow transplantation. Transfusion Med Rev 1994; 8: 45-58.
3. Hansen JA, Petersdorf E, Martin PJ, Anasetti C. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants from unrelated donors. Immunol Rev 1997; 157: 141-151.
4. Beatty PG, Mori M, Milford E. Impact of racial genetic polymorphism on the probability of finding an HLA-matched donor. Transplantation 1995; 60: 778-783.
5. Tiercy JM, Bujan-Lose M, Chapuis B, Gratwohl A, Gmur J, Seger R, et al. Bone marrow transplantation with unrelated donors: What is the probability of identifying an HLA-A/B/Cw/DRB1/B3/B5/DQB1-matched donor? Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 26: 437-441.
6. Barker JN, Krepski TP, Defor TE, Davies SM, Wagner JE, Weisdorf DJ. Searching for unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells: Availability and speed of umbilical cord blood versus bone marrow. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002; 8: 257-260.
7. O'Reilly RJ, Keever C, Kernan NA, Brochstein J, Collins N, Flomenberg N et al. HLA nonidentical T cell depleted marrow transplants: A comparison of results in patients treated for leukemia and severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Transplant Proc 1987; 19: 55-60.
8. Mehta J, Singhal S, Gee AP, Chiang KY, Godder K, Rhee FF et al. Bone marrow transplantation from partially HLA-mismatched family donors for acute leukemia: Single-center experience of 201 patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33: 389-396.
9. Aversa F, Terenzi A, Tabilio A, Falzetti F, Carotti A, Ballanti S et al. Full haplotype-mismatched hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: A phase II study in patients with acute leukemia at high risk of relapse. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 3447-3454.
10. Lu DP, Dong L, Wu T, Huang XJ, Zhang MJ, Han W et al. Conditioning including antithymocyte globulin followed by unmanipulated HLA-mismatched/haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation can achieve comparable outcomes with HLA-identical sibling transplantation. Blood 2006; 107: 3065-3073.
11. Rizzieri DA, Koh LP, Long GD, Gasparetto C, Sullivan KM, Horwitz M et al. Partially matched, nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation: clinical outcomes and immune reconstitution. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 690-697.
12. Luznik L, O'Donnell PV, Symons HJ, Chen AR, Leffell MS, Zahurak M et al. HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies using nonmyeloablative conditioning and high-dose, posttransplantation cyclophosphamide. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14: 641-650.
13. Boeckh M, Nichols WG, Papanicolaou G, Rubin R, Wingard JR, Zaia J. Cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: current status, known challenges, and future strategies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003; 9: 543-558.
14. Gottschalk S, Rooney CM, Heslop HE. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Annu Rev Med 2005; 56: 29-44.
15. Sable CA, Strohmaier KM, Chodakewitz JA. Advances in antifungal therapy. Annu Rev Med 2008; 59: 361-379.
16. Anasetti C, Amos D, Beatty PG, Appelbaum FR, Bensinger W, Buckner CD et al. Effect of HLA compatibility on engraftment of bone marrow transplants in patients with leukemia or lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 197-204.
17. Clift RA, Hansen JA, Thomas ED, Buckner CD, Sanders JE, Mickelson EM et al. Marrow transplantation from donors other than HLA-identical siblings. Transplantation 1979; 28: 235-242.
18. Beatty PG, Clift RA, Mickelson EM, Nisperos BB, Flournoy N, Martin PJ et al. Marrow transplantation from related donors other than HLA-identical siblings. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 765-771.
19. Powles RL, Morgenstern GR, Kay HE, McElwain TJ, Clink HM, Dady PJ et al. Mismatched family donors for bone-marrow transplantation as treatment for acute leukaemia. Lancet 1983; 1: 612-615.
20. Ash RC, Horowitz MM, Gale RP, van Bekkum DW, Casper JT, Gordon-Smith EC et al. Bone marrow transplantation from related donors other than HLA-identical siblings: Effect of T cell depletion. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991; 7: 443-452.
21. Anasetti C, Beatty PG, Storb R, Martin PJ, Mori M, Sanders JE et al. Effect of HLA incompatibility on graft-versus-host disease, relapse, and survival after marrow transplantation for patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Hum Immunol 1990; 29: 79-91.
22. Buckley RH, Schiff SE, Schiff RI, Markert L, Williams LW, Roberts JL et al. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 508-516.
23. Curtis RE, Travis LB, Rowlings PA, Socie G, Kingma DW, Banks PM et al. Risk of lymphoproliferative disorders after bone marrow transplantation: A multi-institutional study. Blood 1999; 94 2208-2216.
24. Henslee PJ, Thompson JS, Romond EH, Doukas MA, Metcalfe M, Marshall ME et al. T cell depletion of HLA and haploidentical marrow reduces graft-versus-host disease but it may impair a graft-versus-leukemia effect. Transplant Proc 1987; 19: 2701-2706.
25. Bachar-Lustig E, Rachamim N, Li HW, Lan F, Reisner Y. Megadose of T cell-depleted bone marrow overcomes MHC barriers in sublethally irradiated mice. Nat Med 1995; 1: 1268-1273.
26. Aversa F, Tabilio A, Terenzi A, Velardi A, Falzetti F, Giannoni C et al. Successful engraftment of T-cell-depleted haploidentical 'three- loci' incompatible transplants in leukemia patients by addition of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor- mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells to bone marrow inoculum. Blood 1994; 84: 3948-3955.
27. Aversa F, Tabilio A, Velardi A, Cunningham I, Terenzi A, Falzetti F et al. Treatment of high-risk acute leukemia with T-cell-depleted stem cells from related donors with one fully mismatched HLA haplotype. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1186-1193.
28. Volpi I, Perruccio K, Tosti A, Capanni M, Ruggeri L, Posati S et al. Postgrafting administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor impairs functional immune recovery in recipients of human leukocyte antigen haplotype-mismatched hematopoietic transplants. Blood 2001; 97: 2514-2521.
29. Walker I, Shehata N, Cantin G, Couture F, Dhédin N, Barty R et al. Canadian multicenter pilot trial of haploidentical donor transplantation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2004; 33: 222-226.
30. Waller EK, Giver CR, Rosenthal H, Somani J, Langston AA, Lonial S et al. Facilitating T-cell immune reconstitution after haploidentical transplantation in adults. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2004; 33: 233-237.
31. Yamasaki S, Ohno Y, Taniguchi S, Yoshida T, Hayashi S, Ogawa H et al. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from two- or three-loci-mismatched related donors in adult Japanese patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33: 279-289.
32. Barfield RC, Otto M, Houston J, Holladay M, Geiger T, Martin J et al. A one-step large-scale method for T- and B-cell depletion of mobilized PBSC for allogeneic transplantation. Cytotherapy 2004; 6: 1-6.
33. Ji SQ, Chen HR, Wang HX, Yan HM, Zhu L, Liu J et al. G-CSF-primed haploidentical marrow transplantation without ex vivo T cell depletion: An excellent alternative for high-risk leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 30: 861-866.
34. + cell dose and disease status are important factors determining clinical outcomes in patients undergoing unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation after conditioning including antithymocyte globulin. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13: 1515-1524.
35. Nachbaur D, Eibl B, Kropshofer G, Meister B, Mitterschiffthaler A, Schennach H et al. In vivo T cell depletion with low-dose rabbit antithymocyte globulin results in low transplant-related mortality and low relapse incidence following unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematother Stem Cell Res 2002; 11: 731-737.
36. Morton J, Hutchins C, Durrant S. Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed allogeneic bone marrow: Significantly less graft-versus-host disease and comparable engraftment to G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. Blood 2001; 98: 3186-3191.
37. Pan L, Delmonte JJ, Jalonen CK, Ferrara JL. Pretreatment of donor mice with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor polarizes donor T lymphocytes toward type-2 cytokine production and reduces severity of experimental graft-versus-host disease. Blood 1995; 86: 4422-4429.
38. Sykes M, Preffer F, McAfee S, Saidman SL, Weymouth D, Andrews DM et al. Mixed lymphohaemopoietic chimerism and graft-versus-lymphoma effects after non-myeloablative therapy and HLA-mismatched bone-marrow transplantation. Lancet 1999; 353: 1755-1759.
39. Pelot MR, Pearson DA, Swenson K, Zhao G, Sachs J, Yang YG et al. Lymphohematopoietic graft-vs-host reactions can be induced without graft-vs-host disease in murine mixed chimeras established with a cyclophosphamide-based nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 1999; 5: 133-143.
40. Mapara MY, Kim YM, Wang SP, Bronson R, Sachs DH, Sykes M. Donor lymphocyte infusions mediate superior graft-versus-leukemia effects in mixed compared to fully allogeneic chimeras: A critical role for host antigen-presenting cells. Blood 2002; 100: 1903-1909.
41. Spitzer TR. Haploidentical stem cell transplantation: The always present but overlooked donor. Hematology 2005; 2005: 390-395.
42. Schwartz R, Dameshek W. Drug-induced immunological tolerance. Nature 1959; 183: 1682-1683.
43. Colson YL, Li H, Boggs SS, Patrene KD, Johnson PC, Ildstad ST. Durable mixed allogeneic chimerism and tolerance by a nonlethal radiation-based cytoreductive approach. J Immunol 1996; 157: 2820-2829.
44. Colson YL,Wren SM, Schuchert MJ, Patrene KD, Johnson PC, Boggs SS et al. A nonlethal conditioning approach to achieve durable multilineage mixed chimerism and tolerance across major, minor, and hematopoietic histocompatibility barriers. J Immunol 1995; 155: 4179-4188.
45. Luznik L, Jalla S, Engstrom LW, Iannone R, Fuchs EJ. Durable engraftment of major histocompatibility complex-incompatible cells after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, low-dose total body irradiation, and posttransplantation cyclophosphamide. Blood 2001; 98: 3456-3464.
46. Luznik L, Engstrom LW, Iannone R, Fuchs EJ. Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide facilitates engraftment of major histocompatibility complex-identical allogeneic marrow in mice conditioned with low-dose total body irradiation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002; 8 131-138.
47. Ichinohe T, Maruya E, Saji H. Long-term feto-maternal microchimerism: nature's hidden clue for alternative donor hematopoietic cell transplantation? Int J Hematol 2002; 76: 229-237.
48. Claas FH, Gijbels Y, van der Velden-de Munck J, Van Rood JJ. Induction of B cell unresponsiveness to noninherited maternal HLA antigens during fetal life. Science 1988; 241: 1815-1817.
49. van Rood JJ, Zhang L, van LA, Claas FH. Neonatal tolerance revisited. Immunol Lett 1989; 21: 51-54.
50. van Rood JJ, Loberiza Jr FR, Zhang MJ, Oudshoorn M, Claas F, Cairo MS et al. Effect of tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens on the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation from a parent or an HLA-haploidentical sibling. Blood 2002; 99: 1572-1577.
51. Cairo MS, Wagner JE. Placental and/or umbilical cord blood: An alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Blood 1997; 90: 4665-4678.
52. Polchi P, Lucarelli G, Galimberti M, Giardini C, Baronciani D, Angelucci E et al. Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation from mother to child with advanced leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 16 529-535.
53. Ichinohe T, Uchiyama T, Shimazaki C, Matsuo K, Tamaki S, Hino M et al. Feasibility of HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between noninherited maternal antigen (NIMA)-mismatched family members linked with long-term fetomaternal microchimerism. Blood 2004; 104: 3821-3828.
54. Umeda K, Adachi S, Ishihara H, Higashi Y, Shiota M, Watanabe KI et al. Successful T-cell-replete peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from HLA-haploidentical microchimeric mother to daughter with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia using reduced-intensity conditioning. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31: 1061-1063.
55. Narimatsu H, Morishita Y, Saito S, Shimada K, Ozeki K, Kohno A et al. Conditioning regimen of melphalan, fludarabine and total body irradiation in unmanipulated HLA haploidentical stem cell transplantation based on fetomaternal tolerance. Intern Med 2004; 43: 1063-1067.
56. Obama K, Utsunomiya A, Takatsuka Y, Takemoto Y. Reduced-intensity non-T-cell depleted HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation for older patients based on the concept of feto-maternal tolerance. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34: 897-899.
57. Guinan EC, Boussiotis VA, Neuberg D, Brennan LL, Hirano N, Nadler LM et al. Transplantation of anergic histoincompatible bone marrow allografts. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1704-1714.
58. Guinan EC, Gribben JG, Brennan LL, Nadler LM. Patients (pts) surviving haploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT) after ex vivo costimulatory blockade to induce anergy experience few long-term complications. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2005; 106: 599.
59. Davies J, Gribben J, Brennan L, Nadler L, Guinan E. Alloanergized HLA-mismatched bone marrow transplantation - low incidence of clinically significant GVHD and viral infection resulting in long term disease free survival. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14: 16-17.
60. Davies JK, Gorgun G, Nadler LM, Guinan EC. Effective control of mismatched alloreactivity via ex vivo alloantigen-specific co-stimulatory blockade does not significantly impact pathogen-specific immunity. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2006; 108: 3177.
61. Davies J, Yuk D, Nadler L, Guinan E. Donor-derived T cells can be rendered hyporesponsive to alloantigen without loss of pathogen or tumor immune responses. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2007; 110: 771.
62. + regulatory T cells may contribute to control of acute GVHD after HLA-mismatched alloanergized HSCT. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14: 18.
63. Montagna D, Yvon E, Calcaterra V, Comoli P, Locatelli F, Maccario R et al. Depletion of alloreactive T cells by a specific anti-interleukin-2 receptor p55 chain immunotoxin does not impair in vitro antileukemia and antiviral activity. Blood 1999; 93 3550-3557.
64. Mavroudis DA, Jiang YZ, Hensel N, Lewalle P, Couriel D, Kreitman RJ et al. Specific depletion of alloreactivity against haplotype mismatched related individuals by a recombinant immunotoxin: A new approach to graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in haploidentical bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1996; 17: 793-799.
65. Koh MB, Prentice HG, Lowdell MW. Selective removal of alloreactive cells from haematopoietic stem cell grafts: Graft engineering for GVHD prophylaxis. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 23: 1071-1079.
66. van Dijk AMC, Kessler FL, Stadhouders-Keet SAE, Verdonck LF, de Gast GC, Otten HG et al. Selective depletion of major and minor histocompatibility antigen reactive T cells: Towards prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease. Brit J Haematol 1999; 107: 169-175.
67. Davies JK, Koh MBC, Lowdell MW. Antiviral immunity and T-regulatory cell function are retained after selective alloreactive T-cell depletion in both the HLA-identical and HLA-mismatched settings. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004; 10: 259-268.
68. Ge X, Brown J, Sykes M, Boussiotis VA. CD134-allodepletion allows selective elimination of alloreactive human T cells without loss of virus-specific and leukemia-specific effectors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14: 518-530.
69. Wehler TC, Nonn M, Brandt B, Britten CM, Grone M, Todorova M et al. Targeting the activation-induced antigen CD137 can selectively deplete alloreactive T cells from antileukemic and antitumor donor T-cell lines. Blood 2007; 109: 365-373.
70. Bonini C, Ciceri F, Marktel S, Bordignon C. Suicide-gene-transduced T-cells for the regulation of the graft-versus-leukemia effect. Vox Sang 1998; 74(Suppl 2): 341-343.
71. Gendelman M, Yassai M, Tivol E, Krueger A, Gorski J, Drobyski WR. Selective elimination of alloreactive donor T cells attenuates graft-versus-host disease and enhances T-cell reconstitution. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003; 9: 742-752.
72. Hartwig UF, Nonn M, Khan S, Link I, Huber C, Herr W. Depletion of alloreactive donor T lymphocytes by CD95-mediated activation-induced cell death retains antileukemic, antiviral, and immunoregulatory T cell immunity. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14: 99-109.
73. Godfrey WR, Krampf MR, Taylor PA, Blazar BR. Ex vivo depletion of alloreactive cells based on CFSE dye dilution, activation antigen selection, and dendritic cell stimulation. Blood 2004; 103: 1158-1165.
74. Martins SLR, St John LS, Champlin RE, Wieder ED, McMannis J, Molldrem JJ et al. Functional assessment and specific depletion of alloreactive human T cells using flow cytometry. Blood 2004; 104: 3429-3436.
75. Mielke S, Nunes R, Rezvani K, Fellowes VS, Venne A, Solomon SR et al. A clinical-scale selective allodepletion approach for the treatment of HLA-mismatched and matched donor-recipient pairs using expanded T lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells and a TH9402-based photodepletion technique. Blood 2008; 111: 4392-4402.
76. Roy DC, Cohen S, Busque L, Fish D, Kiss T, Lachance S et al. Phase I clinical trial of haplotype mismatched myeloablative stem cell transplantation: Higher doses of donor lymphocyte infusions depleted of alloreactive cells using ATIR may improve outcome without causing GVHD. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2007; 110: 2976.
77. André-Schmutz I, Le Deist F, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Vitetta E, Schindler J, Chedeville G et al. Immune reconstitution without graft-versus-host disease after haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a phase 1/2 study. Lancet 2002; 360: 130-137.
78. Dal Cortivo L, Mahlaoui N, Picard C, Neven B, André-Schmutz I, Luby JM et al. Adoptive immunotherapy with donor allodepleted T cells. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2005; 106: 479.
79. Amrolia PJ, Muccioli-Casadei G, Huls H, Adams S, Durett A, Gee A et al. Adoptive immunotherapy with allodepleted donor T-cells improves immune reconstitution after haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Blood 2006; 108: 1797-1808.
80. Samarasinghe SR, Nawroly N, Karlsson H, Openshaw P, Vitteta E, Veys P et al. Functional characterisation of alloreactive T-cells identifies CD25 and CD71 as the optimal targets for allodepletion strategies. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2007; 110: 2183.
81. + T cells do not induce graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2003; 112: 101-108.
82. Chen BJ, Cui X, Sempowski GD, Liu C, Chao NJ. Transfer of allogeneic CD62L- memory T cells without graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2004; 103: 1534-1541.
83. + T cells are defective in mediating acute graft-versus-host disease but retain graftversus-leukemia activity. Blood 2004; 103: 3970-3978.
84. Beilhack A, Schulz S, Baker J, Beilhack GF, Wieland C, Herman EI et al. In vivo analyses of early events in acute graft-versus-host disease reveal sequential infiltration of T-cell subsets. Blood 2005; 106: 1113-1122.
85. + T cells mediate graft-versus-leukemia without inducing graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2008; 111: 2476-2484.
86. Prockop DJ. Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues. Science 1997; 276: 71-74.
87. Le Blanc K, Tammik L, Sundberg B, Haynesworth SE, Ringden O. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit and stimulate mixed lymphocyte cultures and mitogenic responses independently of the major histocompatibility complex. Scand J Immunol 2003; 57: 11-20.
88. Potian JA, Aviv H, Ponzio NM, Harrison JS, Rameshwar P. Veto-like activity of mesenchymal stem cells: Functional discrimination between cellular responses to alloantigens and recall antigens. J Immunol 2003; 171: 3426-3434.
89. Tse WT, Pendleton JD, Beyer WM, Egalka MC, Guinan EC. Suppression of allogeneic T-cell proliferation by human marrow stromal cells: implications in transplantation. Transplantation 2003; 75: 389-397.
90. Maitra B, Szekely E, Gjini K, Laughlin MJ, Dennis J, Haynesworth SE et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells support unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells and suppress T-cell activation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33: 597-604.
91. Di Nicola M, Carlo-Stella C, Magni M, Milanesi M, Longoni PD, Matteucci P et al. Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli. Blood 2002; 99: 3838-3843.
92. Lazarus HM, Koc ON, Devine SM, Curtin P, Maziarz RT, Holland HK et al. Cotransplantation of HLA-identical sibling culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells in hematologic malignancy patients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11: 389-398.
93. Ringden O, Uzunel M, Rasmusson I, Remberger M, Sundberg B, Lonnies H et al. Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of therapy-resistant graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 2006; 81: 1390-1397.
94. Karlsson H, Samarasinghe S, Ball LM, Sundberg B, Lankester AC, Dazzi F et al. Mesenchymal stem cells exert differential effects on alloantigen and virus-specific T cell responses. Blood 2008 (in press).
95. + natural regulatory T cells in dominant self-tolerance and autoimmune disease. Immunol Rev 2006; 212 8-27.
96. Cohen JL, Trenado A, Vasey D, Klatzmann D, Salomon BL. CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells: New therapeutics for graft-versus-host disease. J Exp Med 2002; 196: 401-406.
97. Taylor PA, Lees CJ, Blazar BR. The infusion of ex vivo activated and expanded CD4(+)CD25(+) immune regulatory cells inhibits graft-versus-host disease lethality. Blood 2002; 99: 3493-3499.
98. + regulatory T cells preserve graft-versus-tumor activity while inhibiting graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Nat Med 2003; 9: 1144-1150.
99. + regulatory T cells suppress lethal acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. J Exp Med 2002; 196: 389.
100. Parham P, McQueen KL. Alloreactive killer cells: Hindrance and help for haematopoietic transplants. Nat Rev Immunol 2003; 3: 108.
101. Leung W, Iyengar R, Turner V, Lang P, Bader P, Conn P et al. Determinants of antileukemia effects of allogeneic NK cells. J Immunol 2004; 172: 644-650.
102. Gagne K, Brizard G, Gueglio B, Milpied N, Herry P, Bonneville F et al. Relevance of KIR gene polymorphisms in bone marrow transplantation outcome. Hum Immunol 2002; 63: 271-280.
103. Ruggeri L, Mancusi A, Capanni M, Urbani E, Carotti A, Aloisi T et al. Donor natural killer cell allorecognition of missing self in haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: challenging its predictive value. Blood 2007; 110: 433-440.
104. Ruggeri L, Capanni M, Urbani E, Perruccio K, Shlomchik WD. Effectiveness of donor natural killer cell alloreactivity in mismatched hematopoietic transplants. Science 2002; 295: 2097.
105. Ruggeri L, Aversa F, Martelli MF, Velardi A. Allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation and natural killer cell recognition of missing self. Immunol Rev 2006; 214: 202-218.
106. Symons HJ, Leffell MS, Rossiter ND, Sugar E, Luznik L, Phelps M et al. Impact of killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) ligand incompatibility in nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from haploidentical donors. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2006; 108: 604.
107. Verheyden S, Schots R, Duquet W, Demanet C. A defined donor activating natural killer cell receptor genotype protects against leukemic relapse after related HLA-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 2005; 19: 1446-1451.
108. De Santis D, Bishara A, Witt CS, Nagler A, Brautbar C, Slavin S et al. Natural killer cell HLA-C epitopes and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors both influence outcome of mismatched unrelated donor bone marrow transplants. Tissue Antigens 2005; 65: 519-528.
109. Bishara A, De Santis D, Witt CC, Brautbar C, Christiansen FT, Or R et al. The beneficial role of inhibitory KIR genes of HLA class I NK epitopes in haploidentically mismatched stem cell allografts may be masked by residual donor-alloreactive T cells causing GVHD. Tissue Antigens 2004; 63: 204-211.
110. Moretta L, Bottino C, Pende D, Castriconi R, Mingari MC, Moretta A. Surface NK receptors and their ligands on tumor cells. Semin Immunol 2006; 18: 151-158.
111. Gasser S, Raulet D. The DNA damage response, immunity and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2006; 16: 344-347.
112. Ruggeri L, Capanni M, Casucci M, Volpi I, Tosti A, Perruccio K et al. Role of natural killer cell alloreactivity in HLA-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 1999; 94: 333-339.
113. Gasser S, Raulet DH. The DNA damage response arouses the immune system. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 3959-3962.
114. Lundqvist A, Abrams SI, Schrump DS, Alvarez G, Suffredini D, Berg M et al. Bortezomib and depsipeptide sensitize tumors to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand: A novel method to potentiate natural killer cell tumor cytotoxicity. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 7317-7325.
115. Hallett WHD, Ames E, Motarjemi M, Barao I, Shanker A, Tamang DL et al. Sensitization of tumor cells to NK cell-mediated killing by proteasome inhibition. J Immunol 2008; 180: 163-170.
116. Shi J, Tricot GJ, Garg TK, Malaviarachchi PA, Szmania SM, Kellum RE et al. Bortezomib down-regulates the cell-surface expression of HLA class I and enhances natural killer cell-mediated lysis of myeloma. Blood 2008; 111: 1309-1317.
117. Miller JS, Soignier Y, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, McNearney SA, Yun GH, Fautsch SK et al. Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in cancer patients. Blood 2005; 105: 3051-3057.
118. Clynes RA, Towers TL, Presta LG, Ravetch JV. Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytoxicity against tumor targets. Nat Med 2000; 6: 443-446.
119. Or R, Hadar E, Bitan M, Resnick IB, Aker M, Ackerstein A et al. Safety and efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusions following mismatched stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12: 1295-1301.
120. Huang XJ, Liu DH, Liu KY, Xu LP, Chen YH, Wang Y et al. Modified donor lymphocyte infusion after HLA-mismatched/haploidentical T cell-replete hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for prophylaxis of relapse of leukemia in patients with advanced leukemia. J Clin Immunol 2008; 28: 276-283.
121. Huang XJ, Liu DH, Liu KY, Xu LP, Chen H, Han W. Donor lymphocyte infusion for the treatment of leukemia relapse after HLA-mismatched/ haploidentical T-cell-replete hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2007; 92: 414-417.
122. Cooley S, McCullar V, Wangen R, Bergemann TL, Spellman S, Weisdorf DJ et al. KIR reconstitution is altered by T cells in the graft and correlates with clinical outcomes after unrelated donor transplantation. Blood 2005; 106: 4370-4376.
123. Nguyen S, Kuentz M, Vernant JP, Dhedin N, Bories D, Debre P et al. Involvement of mature donor T cells in the NK cell reconstitution after haploidentical hematopoietic stemcell transplantation. Leukemia 2007; 22: 344-352.
124. Vivier E, Tomasello E, Baratin M, Walzer T, Ugolini S. Functions of natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2008; 9: 503-510.
125. Eapen M, Rubinstein P, Zhang MJ, Stevens C, Kurtzberg J, Scaradavou A et al. Outcomes of transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood and bone marrow in children with acute leukaemia: A comparison study. Lancet 2007; 369: 1947-1954.
126. Laughlin MJ, Eapen M, Rubinstein P, Wagner JE, Zhang MJ, Champlin RE et al. Outcomes after transplantation of cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with leukemia. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 2265-2275.
127. Stevens CE, Rubinstein P, Scaradavou A. HLA matching in cord blood transplantion: Clinical outcome and implications for cord blood unit selection and inventory size and ethnic composition. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2006; 108: 3104.
128. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, Defor TE, Blazar BR, McGlave PB, Miller JS et al. Transplantation of 2 partially HLA-matched umbilical cord blood units to enhance engraftment in adults with hematologic malignancy. Blood 2005; 105: 1343-1347.
129. Ballen KK, Spitzer TR, Yeap BY, McAfee S, Dey BR, Attar E et al. Double unrelated reduced-intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13: 82-89.
130. Brunstein CG, Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, Defor TE, Miller JS, Blazar BR et al. Umbilical cord blood transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning: Impact on transplantation outcomes in 110 adults with hematologic disease. Blood 2007; 110: 3064-3070.
131. Giralt S, Logan B, Rizzo D, Zhang M-J, Ballen K, Emmanouilides C et al. Reduced intensity conditioning for unrelated donor progenitor cell transplantation: Long-term follow-up of the first 285 reported to the National Marrow Donor Program. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13: 844-852.