Sodium channel blockers and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis using lamotrigine

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

Volumn 274, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 54-56

  Kapoor, Raju ^a  

^a NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Axon; Lamotrigine; Multiple sclerosis; Neuroprotection; Sodium channel

Indexed keywords

BETA1A INTERFERON; CARBAMAZEPINE; FLECAINIDE; LAMOTRIGINE; NITRIC OXIDE; PHENYTOIN; RILUZOLE; SIPATRIGINE; SODIUM; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; TOPIRAMATE;

ARTICLE; AXONAL INJURY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SODIUM CELL LEVEL;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; TRIAZINES;

EID: 53049109485     PISSN: 0022510X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.03.019     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Youl B.D., Turano G., Miller D.H., Towell A.D., Macmanus D.G., Moore S.G., et al. The pathophysiology of acute optic neuritis. An association of gadolinium leakage with clinical and electrophysiological deficits. Brain 114 (1991) 2437-2450
2. Moreau T., Coles A., Wing M., Isaacs J., Hale G., Waldmann H., et al. Transient increase in symptoms associated with cytokine release in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 119 (1996) 225-237
3. Redford E.J., Kapoor R., and Smith K.J. Nitric oxide donors reversibly block axonal conduction: demyelinated axons are especially susceptible. Brain 120 (1997) 2149-2157
4. Shrager P., Custer A.W., Kazarinova K., Rasband M.N., and Mattson D. Nerve conduction block by nitric oxide that is mediated by the axonal environment. J. Neurophysiol. 79 (1998) 529-536
5. Smith K.J., Kapoor R., Hall S.M., and Davies M. Electrically active axons degenerate when exposed to nitric oxide. Ann.Neurol. 49 (2001) 470-476
6. Garthwaite G., Goodwin D.A., Batchelor A.M., Leeming K., and Garthwaite J. Nitric oxide toxicity in CNS white matter: an in vitro study using rat optic nerve. Neuroscience 109 (2002) 145-155
7. Ahern G.P., Hsu S.F., Klyachko V.A., and Jackson M.B. Induction of persistent sodium current by exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 28810-28815
8. Hammarstrom A.K.M., and Gage P.W. Nitric oxide increases persistent sodium current in rat hippocampal neurons. J Physiol. (Lond) 520 (1999) 451-461
9. Bostock H., and Sears T.A. Continuous conduction in demyelinated mammalian nerve fibers. Nature 263 (1976) 786-787
10. 2+ exchanger. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 101 (2004) 8168-8173
11. Bolanos J.P., Almeida A., Stewart V., Peuchen S., Land J.M., Clark J.B., et al. Nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial damage in the brain: mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. J. Neurochem. 68 (1997) 2227-2240
12. Stys P.K. White matter injury mechanisms. Curr. Mol. Med. 4 (2004) 113-130
13. Kapoor R., Davies M., Blaker P.A., Hall S.M., and Smith K.J. Blockers of sodium and calcium entry protect axons from nitric oxide-mediated degeneration. Ann. Neurol. 53 (2003) 174-180
14. Bechtold D.A., Kapoor R., and Smith K.J. Axonal protection using flecainide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann. Neurol. 55 (2004) 607-616
15. Lo A.C., Black J.A., and Waxman S.G. Neuroprotection of axons with phenytoin in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neuroreport 13 (2002) 1909-1912
16. Bechtold D.A., Miller S.J., Dawson A.C., Sun Y., Kapoor R., Berry D., et al. Axonal protection achieved in a model of multiple sclerosis using lamotrigine. J Neurol 253 (2006) 1542-1551
17. Solaro C., Brichetto G., Battaglia M.A., Messmer Uccelli M., and Mancardi G.L. Antiepileptic medications in multiple sclerosis: adverse effects in a three-year follow-up study. Neurol Sci 25 (2005) 307-310
18. Kapoor R. Neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic strategies and clinical trial design. Curr Opinion Neurol 19 (2006) 255-259
19. Kalkers N.F., Barkhof F., Bergers E., van Schijndel R., and Polman C.H. The effects of the neuroprotective agent riluzole on MRI parameters in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 8 (2002) 410-414
20. Comi G., and Filippi M. Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis: methodological issues. Curr Opin Neurol 9 (2005) 220-229
21. Miller D.H., Altmann D., Thompson A.J., Kappos L., Wagner K., and Beckmann K. Sample size calculations for a parallel groups, placebo-controlled treatment trial in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis using cerebral atrophy as the primary outcome measure. Neurology 62 Suppl 5 (2004) A349-A350
22. Zivadinov R. Can imaging techniques measure neuroprotection and remyelination in multiple sclerosis?. Neurology 68 suppl 3 (2007) S72-S82
23. Trip S.A., Schlottmann P.G., Jones S.J., Altmann D.R., Garway-Heath D.F., Thompson A.J., et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer loss and visual function in optic neuritis. Ann Neurol 58 (2005) 383-391
24. Black J.A., Liu S., Carrithers M., Carrithers L.M., and Waxman S.G. Exacerbation of experimental autiimmune encephalomyelitis after withdrawal of phenytoin and carbamazepine. Ann Neurol 62 (2007) 21-33