Chronic statin therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety

Volumn 17, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 869-876

  Yang, Yu Xiao ^a   Hennessy, Sean ^a   Propert, Kathleen ^a   Hwang, Wei Ting ^a   Sarkar, Monika ^a   Lewis, James D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Colorectal cancer; General practice research database; Statins

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; COHORT ANALYSIS; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG EXPOSURE; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK REDUCTION; TREND STUDY;

AGED; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; TIME;

EID: 52949112234     PISSN: 10538569     EISSN: 10991557     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pds.1599     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Agarwal B, Rao CV, Bhendwal S, et al. Lovastatin augments sulindac-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells and potentiates chemopreventive effects of sulindac. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 938-847.
2. Agarwal B, Bhendwal S, Halmos B, Moss SF, Ramey WG, Holt PR. Lovastatin augments apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents in colon cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5: 2223-2229.
3. Park WH, Lee YY, Kim ES, et al. Lovastatin-induced inhibition of HL-60 cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 3133-3140.
4. Gray-Bablin J, Rao S, Keyomarsi K. Lovastatin induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human breast cells occurs in a cell cycle-independent fashion. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 604-609.
5. Sumi S, Beauchamp RD, Townsend CM, Jr., et al. Inhibition of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell growth by lovastatin. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 982-989.
6. Wachtershauser A, Akoglu B, Stein J. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mevastatin enhances the growth inhibitory effect of butyrate in the colorectal carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22: 1061-1067.
7. Narisawa T, Fukaura Y, Tanida N, Hasebe M, Ito M, Aizawa R. Chemopreventive efficacy of low dose of pravastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in ICR mice. Tohoku J Exp Med 1996; 180: 131-138.
8. Narisawa T, Morotomi M, Fukaura Y, Hasebe M, Ito M, Aizawa R. Chemoprevention by pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87: 798-804.
9. Poynter JN, Gruber SB, Higgins PDR, et al. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2184-2192.
10. Hoffmeister M, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H. Individual and joint use of statins and low-dose aspirin and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 1325-1330.
11. Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 1990; 343: 425-430.
12. Newman CM, Magee AI. Posttranslational processing of the ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993; 1155: 79-96.
13. Freissmuth M, Casey PJ, Gilman AG. G proteins control diverse pathways of transmembrane signaling. FASEB J 1989; 3: 2125-2131.
14. Marcelli M, Cunningham GR, Haidacher SJ, et al. Caspase-7 is activated during lovastatin-induced apoptosis of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 76-83.
15. Vanhanen H, Kesaniemi YA, Miettinen TA. Pravastatin lowers serum cholesterol, cholesterol-precursor sterols, fecal steroids, and cholesterol absorption in man. Metab Clin Exp 1992; 41: 588-595.
16. Mitchell JC, Logan GM, Stone BG, Duane WC. Effects of lovastatin on biliary lipid secretion and bile acid metabolism in humans. J Lipid Res 1991; 32: 71-78.
17. Molgaard J, Warjerstam-Elf S, Olsson AG. Efficacy and safety of simvastatin for high-risk hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83: 1043-1048.
18. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615-1622.
19. Anonymous. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389.
20. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and recurrent events trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1001-1009.
21. Friis S, Poulsen AH, Johnsen SP, et al. Cancer risk among statin users: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2005; 114: 643-647.
22. Blais L, Desgagne A, LeLorier J. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and the risk of cancer: a nested case-control study. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 2363-2368.
23. Graaf MR, Beiderbeck AB, Egberts ACG, Richel DJ, Guchelaar H-J. The risk of cancer in users of statins. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 2388-2394.
24. Kaye JA, Jick H. Statin use and cancer risk in the General Practice Research Database. Br J Cancer 2004; 90: 635-637.
25. Jacobs EJ, Rodriguez C, Brady KA, Connell CJ, Thun MJ, Calle EE. Cholesterol-lowering drugs and colorectal cancer incidence in a large United States cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98: 69-72.
26. Coogan PF, Smith J, Rosenberg L. Statin use and risk of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 32-40.
27. Coogan PF, Rosenberg L, Strom BL. Statin use and the risk of 10 cancers. Epidemiology 2007; 18: 213-219.
28. Setoguchi S, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, Mogun H, Schneeweiss S. Statins and the risk of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer in the elderly. Circulation 2007; 115: 27-33.
29. Lubin JH, Gail MH. Biased selection of controls for case-control analyses of cohort studies. Biometrics 1984; 40: 63-75.
30. Hollowell J. The General Practise Research Database: quality of morbidity data. Popul Trends 1997; 87: 36-40.
31. Singh P, Owlia A, Varro A, Dai B, Rajaraman S, Wood T. Gastrin gene expression is required for the proliferation and tumorigenesis of human colon cancer cells. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 4111-4115.
32. Chisholm J. The Read clinical classification. Br Med J 1992; 300: 28.
33. Perry J. OXMIS Problem Codes for Primary Medical Care. Oxmis Publications: Oxford, England 1978.
34. van Staa TP, Wegman S, de Vries F, Leufkens B, Cooper C. Use of statins and risk of fractures. JAMA 2001; 285: 1850-1855.
35. Lewis JD, Bilker WB, Weinstein RB, Strom BL. The relationship between time since registration and measured incidence rates in the General Practice Research Database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005; 14: 443-451.
36. Garcia Rodriguez LA, Huerta-Alvarez C. Reduced risk of colorectal cancer among long-term users of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Epidemiology 2001; 12: 88-93.
37. Yang YX, Hennessy S, Lewis JD. Insulin therapy and colorectal cancer risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: 1044-1050.
38. Vinogradova Y, Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Logan RF. Risk of colorectal cancer in patients prescribed statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: nested case-control study. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 393-402.
39. Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NN, Kluger J, White CM. Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2006; 295: 74-80.
40. Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Flordellis CS, Sitaras NM. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 18 studies involving more than 1.5 million patients. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 3462-3468.
41. Kaneta S, Satoh K, Kano S, Kanda M, Ichihara K. All hydrophobic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors induce apoptotic death in rat pulmonary vein endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2003; 170: 237-243.
42. Cauley JA, McTiernan A, Rodabough RJ, et al. Statin use and breast cancer: prospective results from the Women's Health Initiative. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98: 700-707.
43. Weil J, Colin-Jones D, Langman M, et al. Prophylactic aspirin and risk of peptic ulcer bleeding. Br Med J 1995; 310: 827-830.
44. Meier CR, Schmitz S, Jick H. Association between acetaminophen or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and risk of developing ovarian, breast, or colon cancer. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22: 303-309.
45. Yood MU, Rothman KJ, Johnson CC, et al. Using prescription claims data for drugs available over-the-counter (OTC). Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2000; 9: S37.
46. de Abajo FJ, Garcia Rodriguez LA. Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation associated with low-dose aspirin as plain and enteric-coated formulations. BMC Clin Pharmacol 2001; 1.
47. Eide TJ. Risk of colorectal cancer in adenoma-bearing individuals within a defined population. Int J Cancer 1986; 38: 173-176.
48. Koretz RL. Malignant polyps: are they sheep in wolves' clothing? Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 63-68.