Lower growth hormone and higher cortisol are associated with greater visceral adiposity, intramyocellular lipids, and insulin resistance in overweight girls

American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 295, Issue 2, 2008, Pages

  Misra, Madhusmita ^a,b   Bredella, Miriam A ^a   Tsai, Patrika ^a   Mendes, Nara ^a   Miller, Karen K ^a   Klibanski, Anne ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Body composition; Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Lipids; Obesity

Indexed keywords

ARGININE; GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HYDROCORTISONE; LIPID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; INSULIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY MASS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GROWTH HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYDROCORTISONE URINE LEVEL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; BLOOD; CHILD; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; METABOLISM; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; PHYSIOLOGY; URINE;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; ADOLESCENT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BODY COMPOSITION; CHILD; CHOLESTEROL; FEMALE; GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INSULIN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT; OVERWEIGHT; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 52649130278     PISSN: 01931849     EISSN: 15221555     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00052.2008     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Aimaretti G, Baffoni C, Bellone S, Di Vito L, Corneli G, Arvat E, Benso L, Camanni F, Ghigo E. Retesting young adults with childhood-onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency with GH-releasing-hormone-plus-arginine test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 3693-3699, 2000.
2. Ballerini MG, Ropelato MG, Domene HM, Pennisi P, Heinrich JJ, Jasper HG. Differential impact of simple childhood obesity on the components of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding proteins axis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 17: 749-757, 2004.
3. Barat P, Gayard-Cros M, Andrew R, Corcuff JB, Jouret B, Barthe N, Perez P, Germain C, Tauber M, Walker BR, Mormede P, Duclos M. Truncal distribution of fat mass, metabolic profile and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in prepubertal obese children. J Pediatr 150: 535-539, 2007.
4. Baum HB, Biller BM, Finkelstein JS, Cannistraro KB, Oppenhein DS, Schoenfeld DA, Michel TH, Wittink H, Klibanski A. Effects of physiologic growth hormone therapy on bone density and body composition in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 125: 883-890, 1996.
5. Baumann G. Growth hormone and its disorders. In: Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism (3rd ed.), edited by Becker KL. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, p. 129-144.
6. Biller BM, Samuels MH, Zagar A, Cook DM, Arafah BM, Bonert V, Stavrou S, Kleinberg DL, Chipman JJ, Hartman ML. Sensitivity and specificity of six tests for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 2067-2079, 2002.
7. Brochu M, Tchernof A, Dionne IJ, Sites CK, Eltabbakh GH, Sims EA, Poehlman ET. What are the physical characteristics associated with a normal metabolic profile despite a high level of obesity in postmenopausal women? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 1020-1025, 2001.
8. Burger AG, Monson JP, Colao AM, Klibanski A. Cardiovascular risk in patients with growth hormone deficiency: effects of growth hormone substitution. Endocr Pract 12: 682-689, 2006.
9. Cara JF, Rosenfield RL, Furlanetto RW. A longitudinal study of the relationship of plasma somatomedin-C concentration to the pubertal growth spurt. Am J Dis Child 141: 562-564, 1987.
10. Carmichael JD, Danoff A, Milani D, Roubenoff R, Lesser ML, Livote E, Reitz RE, Ferris S, Kleinberg DL. GH peak response to GHRH-arginine: relationship to insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors in a population of adults aged 50-90. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65: 169-177, 2006.
11. Dietz WH. Overweight in childhood and adolescence. N Engl J Med 350: 855-857, 2004.
12. Epel ES, McEwen B, Seeman T, Matthews K, Castellazzo G, Brownell KD, Bell J, Ickovics JR. Stress and body shape: stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosom Med 62: 623-632, 2000.
13. Fagot-Campagna A, Pettitt DJ, Engelgau MM, Burrows NR, Geiss LS, Valdez R, Beckles GL, Saaddine J, Gregg EW, Williamson DF, Narayan KM. Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective. J Pediatr 136: 664-672, 2000.
14. Franco C, Brandberg J, Lonn L, Andersson B, Bengtsson BA, Johannsson G. Growth hormone treatment reduces abdominal visceral fat in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity: a 12-month placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1466-1474, 2005.
15. Freemark M, Bursey D. The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes. Pediatrics 107: E55, 2001.
16. Garrapa GG, Pantanetti P, Arnaldi G, Mantero F, Faloia E. Body composition and metabolic features in women with adrenal incidentaloma or Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 5301-5306, 2001.
17. Greulich W, Pyle S. Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist (2nd ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959.
18. Guzzaloni G, Grugni G, Mazzilli G, Moro D, Morabito F. Comparison between beta-cell function and insulin resistance indexes in prepubertal and pubertal obese children. Metabolism 51: 1011-1016, 2002.
19. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA 291: 2847-2850, 2004.
20. Heptulla R, Smitten A, Teague B, Tamborlane WV, Ma YZ, Caprio S. Temporal patterns of circulating leptin levels in lean and obese adolescents: relationships to insulin, growth hormone, and free fatty acids rhythmicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 90-96, 2001.
21. Hrebicek J, Janout V, Malincikova J, Horakova D, Cizek L. Detection of insulin resistance by simple quantitative insulin sensitivity check index QUICKI for epidemiological assessment and prevention. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 144-147, 2002.
22. Kasa-Vubu JZ, Barkan A, Olton P, Meckmongkol T, Carlson NE, Foster CM. Incomplete modified fast in obese early pubertal girls leads to an increase in 24-hour growth hormone concentration and a lessening of the circadian pattern in leptin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 1885-1893, 2002.
23. Kaufman FR. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and youth: a new epidemic. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 15, Suppl 2: 737-744, 2002.
24. Kelly TL, Berger N, Richardson TL. DXA body composition: theory and practice. Appl Radiat Isot 49: 511-513, 1998.
25. Kim KR, Nam SY, Song YD, Lim SK, Lee HC, Huh KB. Low-dose growth hormone treatment with diet restriction accelerates body fat loss, exerts anabolic effect and improves growth hormone secretory dysfunction in obese adults. Horm Res 51: 78-84, 1999.
26. Marcus MA, Murphy L, Pi-Sunyer FX, Albu JB. Insulin sensitivity and serum triglyceride level in obese white and black women: relationship to visceral and truncal subcutaneous fat. Metabolism 48: 194-199, 1999.
27. Miller KK, Biller BM, Lipman JG, Bradwin G, Rifai N, Klibanski A. Truncal adiposity, relative growth hormone deficiency, and cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 768-774, 2005.
28. Misra M, Miller KK, Almazan C, Worley M, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Hormonal determinants of regional body composition in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 2580-2587, 2005.
29. Misra M, Miller KK, Bjornson J, Hackman A, Aggarwal A, Chung J, Ott M, Herzog DB, Johnson ML, Klibanski A. Alterations in growth hormone secretory dynamics in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and effects on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 5615-5623, 2003.
30. Nass R, Thorner MO. Impact of the GH-cortisol ratio on the agedependent changes in body composition. Growth Horm IGF Res 12: 147-161, 2002.
31. Nieman LK. Diagnostic tests for Cushing's syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 970: 112-118, 2002.
32. Ottosson M, Lonnroth P, Bjorntorp P, Eden S. Effects of cortisol and growth hormone on lipolysis in human adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 799-803, 2000.
33. Pasarica M, Zachwieja JJ, Dejonge L, Redman S, Smith SR. Effect of growth hormone on body composition and visceral adiposity in middle-aged men with visceral obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 4265-4270, 2007.
34. Pecori Giraldi F, Ambrogio AG, De Martin M, Fatti LM, Scacchi M, Cavagnini F. Specificity of first-line tests for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: assessment in a large series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 4123-4129, 2007.
35. Pijl H, Langendonk JG, Burggraaf J, Frolich M, Cohen AF, Veldhuis JD, Meinders AE. Altered neuroregulation of GH secretion in viscerally obese premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 5509-5515, 2001.
36. Roemmich JN, Clark PA, Mai V, Berr SS, Weltman A, Veldhuis JD, Rogol AD. Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. III. Influence of maturation, gender, body composition, fat distribution, aerobic fitness, and energy expenditure on nocturnal growth hormone release. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 1440-1447, 1998.
37. Roemmich JN, Clark PA, Weltman A, Veldhuis JD, Rogol AD. Pubertal alterations in growth and body composition. IX. Altered spontaneous secretion and metabolic clearance of growth hormone in overweight youth. Metabolism 54: 1374-1383, 2005.
38. Roemmich JN, Huerta MG, Sundaresan SM, Rogol AD. Alterations in body composition and fat distribution in growth hormone-deficient prepubertal children during growth hormone therapy. Metabolism 50: 537-547, 2001.
39. Savastano S, Di Somma C, Belfiore A, Guida B, Orio F Jr, Rota F, Savanelli MC, Cascella T, Mentone A, Angrisani L, Lombardi G, Colao A. Growth hormone status in morbidly obese subjects and correlation with body composition. J Endocrinol Invest 29: 536-543, 2006.
40. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in lean and obese adolescents: relationships to insulin sensitivity, total body fat, and central adiposity. Diabetes 51: 1022-1027, 2002.
41. Therrien F, Drapeau V, Lalonde J, Lupien SJ, Beaulieu S, Tremblay A, Richard D. Awakening cortisol response in lean, obese, and reduced obese individuals: effect of gender and fat distribution. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15: 377-385, 2007.
42. Visser M, Fuerst T, Lang T, Salamone L, Harris TB; For the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study - Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Body Composition Working Group. Validity of fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for measuring fat-free mass and leg muscle mass. J Appl Physiol 87: 1513-1520, 1999.
43. Weiss R, Dufour S, Taksali SE, Tamborlane WV, Petersen KF, Bonadonna RC, Boselli L, Barbetta G, Allen K, Rife F, Savoye M, Dziura J, Sherwin R, Shulman GI, Caprio S. Prediabetes in obese youth: a syndrome of impaired glucose tolerance, severe insulin resistance, and altered myocellular and abdominal fat partitioning. Lancet 362: 951-957, 2003.
44. Yanovski JA, Yanovski SZ, Filmer KM, Hubbard VS, Avila N, Lewis B, Reynolds JC, Flood M. Differences in body composition of black and white girls. Am J Clin Nutr 64: 833-839, 1996.