메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 599-606

Cardiovascular outcomes in the comparative hypertension drug trials: More consensus than controversy

Author keywords

Anti hypertensive drugs; Blood pressure control; Cardiovascular outcomes; Drug trials; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

AMILORIDE; AMLODIPINE; ATENOLOL; CAPTOPRIL; CHLORTALIDONE; DILTIAZEM; DOXAZOSIN; ENALAPRIL; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; NIFEDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VALSARTAN; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 51549115092     PISSN: 00375675     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 0032511601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317:713-20
    • Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317:713-20.
  • 2
    • 0033034404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L, et al. Effect of angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353:611-6.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 611-616
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Niskanen, L.3
  • 3
    • 0033589756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T, et al. Randomized trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study. Lancet 1999; 354:1751-6.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1751-1756
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Ekbom, T.3
  • 4
    • 0034729993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in patients randomized to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT)
    • Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A, et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients randomized to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet 2000; 356:366-72.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 366-372
    • Brown, M.J.1    Palmer, C.R.2    Castaigne, A.3
  • 5
    • 0034730027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and β-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) Study
    • Hansson L, Hedner T, Lund-Johansen P, et al. Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and β-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) Study. Lancet 2000; 356: 359-65.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 359-365
    • Hansson, L.1    Hedner, T.2    Lund-Johansen, P.3
  • 6
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomized trial against atenolol
    • Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlof, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 7
    • 0344373794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288:2981-97.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2981-2997
  • 8
    • 0042835370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial Collaborative Research Group. Diuretic versus alpha-blocker as first-step antihypertensive therapy: final results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial ALLHAT, Hypertension 2003; 42:239-46
    • Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial Collaborative Research Group. Diuretic versus alpha-blocker as first-step antihypertensive therapy: final results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Hypertension 2003; 42:239-46.
  • 9
    • 0037434556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of outcomes with angiotensin coverting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics for hypertension in the elderly
    • Wing LMH, Reid CM, Ryan P, et al. A comparison of outcomes with angiotensin coverting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics for hypertension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:583-92.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 583-592
    • Wing, L.M.H.1    Reid, C.M.2    Ryan, P.3
  • 10
    • 0037851836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal results of the Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of Cardiovascular End points (CONVINCE) trial
    • Black HR, Elliott WJ, Grandits G, et al. Principal results of the Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of Cardiovascular End points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA 2003; 289:2073-82.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2073-2082
    • Black, H.R.1    Elliott, W.J.2    Grandits, G.3
  • 11
    • 0345492460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The international Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): A randomized controlled trial
    • Pepine CJ, Handberg EM, Cooper-DeHoff RM, et al. A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The international Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:2805-16.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2805-2816
    • Pepine, C.J.1    Handberg, E.M.2    Cooper-DeHoff, R.M.3
  • 12
    • 2942635317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomized trial. Lancet 2004; 363:2022-31.
    • Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomized trial. Lancet 2004; 363:2022-31.
  • 13
    • 11144355108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nifedipine retard with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in Japanese hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: The Japan Multicenter Investigation for Cardiovascular Diseases-B (JMICB) randomized trial
    • Yui Y, Sumiyoshi T, Kodama K, et al. Comparison of nifedipine retard with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in Japanese hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: the Japan Multicenter Investigation for Cardiovascular Diseases-B (JMICB) randomized trial. Hypertens Res 2004; 27:181-91.
    • (2004) Hypertens Res , vol.27 , pp. 181-191
    • Yui, Y.1    Sumiyoshi, T.2    Kodama, K.3
  • 14
    • 24644443331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as require versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): A multicentre randomized controlled trial
    • Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as require versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:895-906.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 895-906
    • Dahlof, B.1    Sever, P.S.2    Poulter, N.R.3
  • 15
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317:703-13.
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317:703-13.
  • 16
    • 0033589750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conventional versus newer antihypertensive therapies - a draw
    • Kendall MJ. Conventional versus newer antihypertensive therapies - a draw. Lancet 1999; 354:1744-5.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1744-1745
    • Kendall, M.J.1
  • 17
    • 0029132121 scopus 로고
    • Nifedipine: Dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease
    • Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Meyer JV. Nifedipine: dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995; 92:1326-31.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1326-1331
    • Furberg, C.D.1    Psaty, B.M.2    Meyer, J.V.3
  • 18
    • 20044385942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japan Multicenter Investigation for Cardiovascular Diseases-B Study Group. Quantitative coronary angiogram analysis: Nifedipine retard versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (JMIC-B side arm study)
    • Shinoda E, Yui Y, Kodama K, et al. Japan Multicenter Investigation for Cardiovascular Diseases-B Study Group. Quantitative coronary angiogram analysis: nifedipine retard versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (JMIC-B side arm study). Hypertension 2005; 45:1153-8.
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.45 , pp. 1153-1158
    • Shinoda, E.1    Yui, Y.2    Kodama, K.3
  • 19
    • 7744231805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: The CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial
    • Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Libby P, et al. Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: the CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292:2217-26.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2217-2226
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Tuzcu, E.M.2    Libby, P.3
  • 20
    • 7744243662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the optimal blood pressure and drug therapy for patients with coronary artery disease?
    • Pepine CJ. What is the optimal blood pressure and drug therapy for patients with coronary artery disease? JAMA 2004; 292:2271-3.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2271-2273
    • Pepine, C.J.1
  • 21
    • 0034718574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and occurrence of clinical events
    • Pitt B, Byington RP, Furberg CD. Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and occurrence of clinical events. Circulation 2000; 102:1503-10.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1503-1510
    • Pitt, B.1    Byington, R.P.2    Furberg, C.D.3
  • 22
    • 24644503688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of blood pressure and other variables in the differential cardiovascular event rates noted in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA)
    • Poulter NR, Wedel H, Dahlof B. Role of blood pressure and other variables in the differential cardiovascular event rates noted in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA). Lancet 2005; 366:907-13.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 907-913
    • Poulter, N.R.1    Wedel, H.2    Dahlof, B.3
  • 23
    • 6944221405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Today's Agenda. We must focus on achieving favorable levels of all risk factors simultaneously
    • Daviglus ML, Liu K. Today's Agenda. We must focus on achieving favorable levels of all risk factors simultaneously. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164:2086-7.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 2086-2087
    • Daviglus, M.L.1    Liu, K.2
  • 24
    • 24644498646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that new antihypertensives are superior to older drugs
    • Staessen JA, Birkenhager WH. Evidence that new antihypertensives are superior to older drugs. Lancet 2005; 366:869-71.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 869-871
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Birkenhager, W.H.2
  • 25
    • 0030744599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group
    • Kostis JB, Davis BR, Cutler J, et al. Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1997; 278: 212-6.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 212-216
    • Kostis, J.B.1    Davis, B.R.2    Cutler, J.3
  • 26
    • 0036676583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of carvedilol in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function following an acute myocardial infarction. How do the treatment effects on total mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction in CAPRICORN compare with previous beta-blocker trials?
    • Otterstad JE, Ford I. The effect of carvedilol in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function following an acute myocardial infarction. How do the treatment effects on total mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction in CAPRICORN compare with previous beta-blocker trials? Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4:501-6.
    • (2002) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.4 , pp. 501-506
    • Otterstad, J.E.1    Ford, I.2
  • 27
    • 26444578943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The statin studies : From targeting hypercholesterolemia to targeting the high-risk patient
    • HT Ong. The statin studies : from targeting hypercholesterolemia to targeting the high-risk patient. Q J Med 2005; 98:599-614.
    • (2005) Q J Med , vol.98 , pp. 599-614
    • Ong, H.T.1
  • 29
    • 27744538328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASCOT: A tale of two treatment regimes. Is ASCOT all it's cracked up to be?
    • Cave JA. ASCOT: A tale of two treatment regimes. Is ASCOT all it's cracked up to be? BMJ 2005; 331:1023.
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.331 , pp. 1023
    • Cave, J.A.1
  • 30
    • 0034685403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. JAMA 2000; 283:1967-75.
    • Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. JAMA 2000; 283:1967-75.
  • 31
    • 2942707932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular outcomes using doxazosin vs chlorthalidone for the treatment of hypertension in older adults with and without glucose disorders: A report from the ALLHAT Study
    • Barzilay JI, Davis BR, Bettencourt J, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes using doxazosin vs chlorthalidone for the treatment of hypertension in older adults with and without glucose disorders: a report from the ALLHAT Study. J Clin Hypertens 2004; 6:116-25.
    • (2004) J Clin Hypertens , vol.6 , pp. 116-125
    • Barzilay, J.I.1    Davis, B.R.2    Bettencourt, J.3
  • 32
    • 22144439426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes in antihypertensive treatment of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose concentration, and normoglycemia. Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • Whelton PK, Barzilay J, Cushman WC, et al. Clinical outcomes in antihypertensive treatment of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose concentration, and normoglycemia. Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:1401-9.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 1401-1409
    • Whelton, P.K.1    Barzilay, J.2    Cushman, W.C.3
  • 33
    • 20244371503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium channel blocker vs a diuretic: A report from the ALLHAT study
    • Rahman M, Pressel S, Davis BR, et al. Renal outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium channel blocker vs a diuretic: a report from the ALLHAT study. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:936-46.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 936-946
    • Rahman, M.1    Pressel, S.2    Davis, B.R.3
  • 34
    • 15944409988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine, and Lisinopril
    • Wright JT, Dunn JK, Cutler JA, et. Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine, and Lisinopril. JAMA 2005; 293:1595-607.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 1595-1607
    • Wright, J.T.1    Dunn, J.K.2    Cutler, J.A.3
  • 35
    • 0036863587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, et al. Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens 2002; 4:393-504.
    • (2002) J Clin Hypertens , vol.4 , pp. 393-504
    • Cushman, W.C.1    Ford, C.E.2    Cutler, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 0037431734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug treatment for hypertension: Most patients will need a treatment cocktail - including a thiazide diuretic
    • Williams B. Drug treatment for hypertension: most patients will need a treatment cocktail - including a thiazide diuretic. BMJ 2003; 326:61-2.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 61-62
    • Williams, B.1
  • 37
    • 0037132675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The verdict from ALLHAT - Thiazide diuretics are the preferred initial therapy for hypertension
    • Appel LJ. The verdict from ALLHAT - Thiazide diuretics are the preferred initial therapy for hypertension. JAMA 2002; 288:3039-42.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 3039-3042
    • Appel, L.J.1
  • 38
    • 0346250908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for antihypertensive treatment: An update after the ALLHAT study
    • Salvetti A, Ghiadoni L. Guidelines for antihypertensive treatment: An update after the ALLHAT study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:S51-4.
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15
    • Salvetti, A.1    Ghiadoni, L.2
  • 39
    • 0037434529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating hypertension-what are we to believe?
    • Frohlich ED. Treating hypertension-what are we to believe? N Engl J Med 2003; 348:639-41.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 639-641
    • Frohlich, E.D.1
  • 40
    • 0344420393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do thiazide diuretics confer specific protection against strokes?
    • Messerli FH, Grossman E, Lever AF. Do thiazide diuretics confer specific protection against strokes? Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:2557-60.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 2557-2560
    • Messerli, F.H.1    Grossman, E.2    Lever, A.F.3
  • 41
    • 0037116570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based evaluation of calcium channel blockers for hypertension
    • Opie LH, Schall R. Evidence-based evaluation of calcium channel blockers for hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39:315-22.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 315-322
    • Opie, L.H.1    Schall, R.2
  • 42
    • 27544463207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should beta-blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis
    • Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should beta-blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 2005; 366:1545-53.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1545-1553
    • Lindholm, L.H.1    Carlberg, B.2    Samuelsson, O.3
  • 43
    • 33744970717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-examining the efficacy of beta-blockers for the treatment of hypertension: A meta-analysis
    • Khan N, McAlister FA. Re-examining the efficacy of beta-blockers for the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2006; 174:1737-42.
    • (2006) CMAJ , vol.174 , pp. 1737-1742
    • Khan, N.1    McAlister, F.A.2
  • 44
    • 17844382949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of 15,314 hypertensive patients at high coronary risk. The VALUE Trial. The Valsarten Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation
    • Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Brunner H, et al. Characteristics of 15,314 hypertensive patients at high coronary risk. The VALUE Trial. The Valsarten Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation. Blood Press 2001; 10:83-91.
    • (2001) Blood Press , vol.10 , pp. 83-91
    • Kjeldsen, S.E.1    Julius, S.2    Brunner, H.3
  • 45
    • 2942695964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE Trial
    • Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE Trial. Lancet 2004; 363:2049-51.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 2049-2051
    • Weber, M.A.1    Julius, S.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 46
    • 33747410924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of blood pressure control to adherence with antihypertensive monotherapy in 13 managed care organizations
    • Bramley TJ, Gerbino PP, Nightengale BS, Frech-Tamas F. Relationship of blood pressure control to adherence with antihypertensive monotherapy in 13 managed care organizations. J Manag Care Pharm 2006; 12:239-45.
    • (2006) J Manag Care Pharm , vol.12 , pp. 239-245
    • Bramley, T.J.1    Gerbino, P.P.2    Nightengale, B.S.3    Frech-Tamas, F.4
  • 47
    • 3142777139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication adherence: A key factor in achieving blood pressure control and good clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients
    • Krousel-Wood M, Thomas S, Muntner P, Morisky D. Medication adherence: a key factor in achieving blood pressure control and good clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients. Curr Opin Cardiol 2004; 19:357-62.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Cardiol , vol.19 , pp. 357-362
    • Krousel-Wood, M.1    Thomas, S.2    Muntner, P.3    Morisky, D.4
  • 48
    • 33646835918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in UK general practice
    • Burke TA, Sturkenboom MC, Lu SE, et al. Discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in UK general practice. J Hypertens 2006; 24:1193-200.
    • (2006) J Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 1193-1200
    • Burke, T.A.1    Sturkenboom, M.C.2    Lu, S.E.3
  • 49
    • 23644449243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence and discontinuation patterns of antihypertensive therapy among newly treated patients: A population-based study
    • Bourgault C, Senecal M, Brisson M, Marentette MA, Gregoire JP. Persistence and discontinuation patterns of antihypertensive therapy among newly treated patients: a population-based study. J Hum Hypertens 2005; 19:607-13.
    • (2005) J Hum Hypertens , vol.19 , pp. 607-613
    • Bourgault, C.1    Senecal, M.2    Brisson, M.3    Marentette, M.A.4    Gregoire, J.P.5
  • 50
    • 2342631217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antihypertensive agents on quality of life in the elderly
    • Fogari R, Zoppi A. Effect of antihypertensive agents on quality of life in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2004; 21:377-93.
    • (2004) Drugs Aging , vol.21 , pp. 377-393
    • Fogari, R.1    Zoppi, A.2
  • 52
    • 0344010633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The JNC 7 hypertension guidelines
    • Ong HT. The JNC 7 hypertension guidelines. JAMA 2003; 290:1312.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 1312
    • Ong, H.T.1
  • 53
    • 33751016813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copayment level and compliance with antihypertensive medication : Analysis and policy implications for managed care
    • Taira DA, Wong KS Frech-Tamas F, Chung RS. Copayment level and compliance with antihypertensive medication : analysis and policy implications for managed care. Am J Manag Care 2006; 12:678-83.
    • (2006) Am J Manag Care , vol.12 , pp. 678-683
    • Taira, D.A.1    Wong, K.S.2    Frech-Tamas, F.3    Chung, R.S.4
  • 54
    • 33744472168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintended consequences of caps on Medicare drug benefits
    • Hsu J, Price M, Huang J, et al. Unintended consequences of caps on Medicare drug benefits. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:2349-59.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 2349-2359
    • Hsu, J.1    Price, M.2    Huang, J.3
  • 55
    • 27944494020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of conflict of interest on biomedical research and clinical practice guidelines: Can we trust the evidence in evidence-based medicine?
    • Abramson J, Starfield B. The effect of conflict of interest on biomedical research and clinical practice guidelines: Can we trust the evidence in evidence-based medicine? J Am Board Fam Pract 2005; 18:414-8.
    • (2005) J Am Board Fam Pract , vol.18 , pp. 414-418
    • Abramson, J.1    Starfield, B.2
  • 56
    • 0038439242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: Systematic review
    • Lexchin J, Bero LA, Djulbegovic B, Clark O. Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review. BMJ 2003; 326:1167-70.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Lexchin, J.1    Bero, L.A.2    Djulbegovic, B.3    Clark, O.4
  • 57
    • 33646679623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reported outcomes in major cardiovascular clinical trials funded by for-profit and not-for-profit organizations: 2000-2005
    • Ridker PM, Torres J. Reported outcomes in major cardiovascular clinical trials funded by for-profit and not-for-profit organizations: 2000-2005. JAMA 2006; 295:2270-4.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 2270-2274
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Torres, J.2
  • 58
    • 0038203004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressure reduction: A quantitative overview updated until 1 March 2003
    • Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L. Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressure reduction: a quantitative overview updated until 1 March 2003. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1055-76.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 1055-1076
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Wang, J.G.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 59
    • 0242654867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: Results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials
    • Turnbull F; Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362:1527-35.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1527-1535
    • Turnbull, F.1
  • 60
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
    • Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:145-53.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 145-153
    • Yusuf, S.1    Sleight, P.2    Pogue, J.3
  • 61
    • 0042330455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fox KM; EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial the EUROPA study, Lancet 2003; 362:782-8
    • Fox KM; EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 362:782-8.
  • 62
    • 0035968623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358:1033-41.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1033-1041
  • 63
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-13.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1903-1913
  • 64
    • 0035522330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease
    • Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, et al. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1291-7.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1291-1297
    • Vasan, R.S.1    Larson, M.G.2    Leip, E.P.3
  • 65
    • 0034641550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): Prospective observational study
    • Alder AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, et al. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321:412-9.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 412-419
    • Alder, A.I.1    Stratton, I.M.2    Neil, H.A.3
  • 67
    • 0037527647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
    • European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology Guidelines Committee
    • European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology Guidelines Committee. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1011-53.
    • (2003) J Hypertens 2003 , vol.21 , pp. 1011-1053
  • 68
    • 0344718782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organisation (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension
    • Whitworth JA; World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organisation (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1983-92.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 1983-1992
    • Whitworth, J.A.1
  • 69
    • 1542432170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for management of hypertension: Report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004 - BHS IV
    • Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004 - BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:139-85.
    • (2004) J Hum Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 139-185
    • Williams, B.1    Poulter, N.R.2    Brown, M.J.3
  • 70
    • 0037145856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: Results from the AASK trial
    • Wright JT, Bakris G, Greene T, et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: Results from the AASK trial. JAMA 2002; 288:2421-31.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2421-2431
    • Wright, J.T.1    Bakris, G.2    Greene, T.3
  • 71
    • 19644400972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease
    • Braunwald E, Domanski MJ, Fowler SE, et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:2058-68.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2058-2068
    • Braunwald, E.1    Domanski, M.J.2    Fowler, S.E.3
  • 72
    • 33745295923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dogma disputed: Can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous?
    • Messerli FH, Mancia G, Conti CR, et al. Dogma disputed: can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous? Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:884-93.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 884-893
    • Messerli, F.H.1    Mancia, G.2    Conti, C.R.3
  • 73
    • 0035799330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowdose metoprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness: Main results from the Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS)
    • Hedblad B, Wikstrand J, Janzon L, Wedel H, Berglund G. Lowdose metoprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness: Main results from the Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS). Circulation 2001; 103:1721-6.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 1721-1726
    • Hedblad, B.1    Wikstrand, J.2    Janzon, L.3    Wedel, H.4    Berglund, G.5
  • 74
    • 0000093848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blockade after myocardial infarction: Systematic review and meta regression analysis
    • Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P, Mason J, Harrison J. Beta-blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999; 318:1730-7.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.318 , pp. 1730-1737
    • Freemantle, N.1    Cleland, J.2    Young, P.3    Mason, J.4    Harrison, J.5
  • 75
    • 0026785561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. The SOLVD Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:685-91
    • Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. The SOLVD Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:685-91.
  • 76
    • 0033549290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
    • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353:2001-7.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 2001-2007
  • 77
    • 0035922447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective Effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. Renoprotective Effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:851-60.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 851-860
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Clarke, W.R.3
  • 78
    • 0035922444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Parving HH, Lehnert H, Mortensen JB, et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:870-8.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 870-878
    • Parving, H.H.1    Lehnert, H.2    Mortensen, J.B.3
  • 79
    • 0035922441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, Zeeuw D de, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:861-9.
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, Zeeuw D de, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:861-9.
  • 80
    • 7644236592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atenolol in hypertension: Is it a wise choice?
    • Carlberg B, Samuelsson O, Lindholm LH. Atenolol in hypertension: is it a wise choice? Lancet 2004; 364:1684-9.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1684-1689
    • Carlberg, B.1    Samuelsson, O.2    Lindholm, L.H.3
  • 81
    • 0037358034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating hypertension: It is not how you start but where you end that matters
    • Williams B. Treating hypertension: it is not how you start but where you end that matters. J Hypertens 2003; 21:455-7.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 455-457
    • Williams, B.1
  • 82
    • 33646785681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing vascular events due to elevated blood pressure
    • Yusuf S. Preventing vascular events due to elevated blood pressure. Circulation 2006; 113:2166-8.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 2166-2168
    • Yusuf, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.