Effect of grass regrowth interval on intake, rumen digestion and nutrient flow to the omasum in beef cattle

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Volumn 146, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 21-41

  Owens, D ^a,b   McGee, M ^a   Boland, T ^b  

^a GRANGE RESEARCH CENTRE   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Beef cattle; Maturity; Nutrient flow; Perennial ryegrass

Indexed keywords

BOS; FRIESIA; LOLIUM PERENNE;

EID: 49749087135     PISSN: 03778401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.11.012     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Adams, L., 1999. Protein and energy availability from grass and grass/clover swards during the growing season. M.Sc. Thesis. University College Dublin, 196 pp.
2. Ahvenjärvi S., Vanhatalo A., Huhtanen P., and Varikko T. Determination of reticulo-rumen and whole-stomach digestion in lactating cows by omasal canal or duodenal sampling. Br. J. Nutr. 83 (2000) 67-77
3. Ahvenjärvi S., Skiba B., and Huhtanen P. Effect of heterogeneous digesta chemical composition on the accuracy of measurements of fiber flow in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (2001) 1611-1620
4. Ahvenjärvi S., Vanhatalo A., and Huhtanen P. Supplementing barley or rapeseed meal to dairy cow fed grass-red clover silage. I. Rumen degradability and microbial flow. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (2002) 2176-2187
5. Aitchison E.M., Gill M., Dhanoa M.S., and Osbourne D.F. The effect of digestibility and forage species on the removal of digesta from the rumen and the voluntary intake of hay by sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 56 (1986) 463-476
6. Aufrère J., Graviou D., and Demarquilly C. Ruminal degradation of cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass as affected by various stages of growth and conservation methods. Anim. Res. 52 (2003) 245-261
7. Beever D.E., Thompson D.J., Ulyatt M.J., Cammell S.B., and Spooner M.C. The digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing cattle fed indoors. Br. J. Nutr. 54 (1985) 763-775
8. Beever D.E., Losada H.R., Cammell S.B., Evans R.T., and Haines M.J. Effect of forage species and season on nutrient digestion and supply in grazing cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 56 (1986) 209-225
9. Bohane C., Murphy J.J., Kavanagh S., Dillon P., and O'Mara F.P. The PDIE and PDIN content of grass silage, grazed grass and concentrate ingredients. Proceedings of the Agric. Res. Forum. Tullamore, Ireland (2002), Teagasc 75
10. Bosch M.W., Tamminga S., Post G., Leffering C.P., and Muylaert J.M. Influence of stage of maturity of grass silages on digestion processes in dairy cows. 1. Composition, nylon bag degradation rates, fermentation characteristics, digestibility and intake. Livest. Prod. Sci. 32 (1992) 245-264
11. Boudon A., and Peyraud J.L. The release of intracellular constituents from fresh ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during ingestive mastication in dairy cows: effect of intracellular constituent, season and stage of maturity. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 93 (2001) 229-245
12. Boudon A., Mayne C.S., Peyraud J.L., and Laidlaw A.S. Effects of stage of maturity and chop length on the release of cell contents of fresh ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during ingestive mastication in steers fed indoors. Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 349-365
13. Bowman J.G.P., Hunt C.W., Kerley M.S., and Paterson J.A. Effects of grass maturity and legume substitution on large particle size reduction and small particle flow from the rumen of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69 (1991) 369-378
14. Bryant M.P., and Robinson I.M. Studies on the nitrogen requirements of some ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 9 (1961) 96-102
15. Chaves A.V., Waghorn G.C., Brookes I.M., and Woodfield D.R. Effect of maturation and initial harvest dates on the nutritive characteristics of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 127 (2006) 293-318
16. Chilibroste P., Tamminga S., Boer H., Gibb M.J., and den Dikken G. Duration of regrowth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) effects on grazing behaviour, intake, rumen fill, and fermentation of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (2000) 984-995
17. Cone J.W., Van Gelder A.H., Soliman I.A., De Visser H., and Van Vuuren A.M. Different techniques to study rumen fermentation characteristics of maturing grass and grass silage. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (1999) 957-966
18. Delagarde R., Peyraud J.L., Delaby L., and Faverdin P. Vertical distribution of biomass, chemical composition and pepsin-cellulase digestibility in a perennial ryegrass sward: interaction with month of year, regrowth age and time of day. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 84 (2000) 49-68
19. Demarquilly C., Andrieu J., Michalet-Doreau B., and Sauvant D. Measurement of the nutritive value of feeds. In: Jarrige R. (Ed). Ruminant Nutrition Recommended Allowances and Feed Tables (1989), John Libbey Eurotext, Paris 193-212
20. De Veth M.J., and Kolver E.S. Digestion of ryegrass pasture in response to change in pH in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 84 (2001) 1449-1457
21. De Visser H., Klop A., Van Der Koelen C.J., and Van Vuuren A.M. Starch supplementation of grass harvested at two stages of maturity prior to ensiling: intake, digestion, and degradability by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81 (1998) 2221-2227
22. Dijkstra J., Kebreab E., Mills J.A.N., Pellikaan W.F., Lopez S., Bannink A., and France J. Predicting the profile of nutrients available for absorption: from nutrient requirement to animal response and environmental impact. Animal 1 (2007) 99-111
23. Drennan M.J., McGee M., Kyne S., and O'Neill B. Spring calving suckler beef systems: influence of grassland management system on herbage availability, utilisation, quality and cow and calf performance to weaning. In: O'Mara F.P., Wilkins R.J., Mannetje L.'t., Lovett D.K., Rogers P.A.M., and Boland T.M. (Eds). Proceedings of the XXth International Grassland Congress: Offered Papers. Dublin, Ireland (2005), Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands 167
24. Dulphy J.P., Demarquilly C., Baumont R., Jailler M., L'Hotelier L., and Dragomir C. Study of modes of preparation of fresh and conserved forage samples for measurement of their dry matter and nitrogen degradations in the rumen. Ann. de Zootech. 48 (1999) 275-288
25. Elizade J.C., Merchen N.R., and Faulkner D.B. In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation of fresh forages during the spring growth. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (1999) 1978-1990
26. France J., and Siddons R.C. Determination of digesta flow by continuous marker infusion. J. Theor. Biol. 121 (1986) 105-119
27. Gardiner, M.J., 1962. Animal Production Research Centre, Grange, Co. Meath (Soil Map), Soil Survey Bulletin No. 2. An Foras Taluntais, Dublin, Ireland.
28. Hart S.P., and Polan C.E. Simultaneous extraction and determination of ytterbium and cobalt ethylenediaminetetraacetate complex in faeces. J. Dairy Sci. 67 (1984) 888-892
29. Hart F.J., and Leibholz J. The effect of species of grass, stage of maturity and level of intake on the degradation of protein and organic matter in the rumen of steers. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 41 (1990) 791-798
30. Hoekstra N.J., Schulte R.P.O., Struik P.C., and Lantinga E.A. Pathways to improving the N efficiency of grazing bovines. Eur. J. Agron. 26 (2007) 363-374
31. Howard, H., 2004. Ensilage of two grasses bred for elevated and normal WSC concentration and the impact of grass sugar content on the nutritive value of zero-grazed grass for beef cattle. M.Sc. Thesis. University College Dublin, 124 pp.
32. Huhtanen P., and Jaakkola S. The effects of forage preservation method and proportion of concentrate on digestion of cell wall carbohydrates and rumen digesta pool size in cattle. Grass Forage Sci. 48 (1993) 155-165
33. Huhtanen P., and Jaakkola S. Influence of grass maturity and diet on ruminal dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestion kinetics. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 47 (1994) 153-167
34. Huhtanen P., Kaustell K., and Jaakkola S. The use of internal markers to predict total digestibility and duodenal flow of nutrients in cattle given six different diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 48 (1994) 211-227
35. Huhtanen P., Brotz P.G., and Satter L.D. Omasal sampling technique for assessing fermentative digestion in the forestomach of dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 75 (1997) 1380-1392
36. Huhtanen P., and Shingfield K.J. Grass silage: factors affecting efficiency of N utilisation in milk production. In: Park R.S., and Stronge M.D. (Eds). Silage production and utilisation. Proceedings of the XVth International Silage Conference. Belfast, Northern Ireland (2005), Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands 35-50
37. Huhtanen P., Asikainen U., Arkkila M., and Jaakkola S. Cell wall digestion and passage kinetics estimated by marker and in situ methods or by rumen evacuations in cattle fed hay 2 or 18 times daily. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 133 (2007) 206-227
38. Humphreys, J., O'Riordan, E.G., O'Kiely, P., 2001. Maximizing annual intake of grazed grass for beef production. End of project report, Beef Production Series No. 29. Grange Livestock Research Centre, Ireland.
39. Keady T.W.J., Mayne C.S., and Fitzpatrick D.A. An evaluation of the effects of rate of nitrogen fertilisation and stage of maturity on degradability of grass in the rumen. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science. Scarborough, UK (2000), British Society of Animal Science, Midlothian, UK 89
40. Kennedy P.M., Boniface A.N., Liang Z.J., Muller D., and Murray R.M. Intake and digestion in swamp buffaloes and cattle. 2. The comparative response to urea supplements in animals fed tropical grasses. J. Agric. Sci. 119 (1992) 243-254
41. Kennedy E., O'Donovan M., Murphy J.P., O'Mara F.P., and Delaby L. The effect of initial spring grazing rate on the grazing management, grass dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows in summer. Grass Forage Sci. 61 (2006) 375-384
42. Lee M.R.F., Harris L.J., Moorby J.M., Humphreys M.O., Theodorou M.K., MacRae J.C., and Scollan N.D. Rumen metabolism and nitrogen flow to the small intestine in steers offered Lolium perenne containing different levels of water-soluble carbohydrate. Anim. Sci. 74 (2002) 587-596
43. Lopez S., Hovell F.D.DeB., Manyuchi B., and Smart R.I. Comparison of sample preparation methods for the determination of the rumen degradation characteristics of fresh and ensiled forages by the nylon bag technique. Anim. Sci. 60 (1995) 439-450
44. Lopez S., Frutos P., Mantecon A.R., and Giraldez F.J. Comparative digestion of herbage by two breeds of sheep: effects of grass maturity stage and level of intake. Anim. Sci. 73 (2001) 513-522
45. Lund P., Weisbjerg M.R., and Hvelplund T. Digestible NDF is selectively retained in the rumen of dairy cows compared to indigestible NDF. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 134 (2007) 1-17
46. Makkar H.P.S., and Becker K. Purine quantification in digesta from ruminants by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Br. J. Nutr. 81 (1999) 107-112
47. Mambrini M., and Peyraud J.L. Mean retention time in digestive tract and digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass by lactating dairy cows: influence of grass maturity and comparison with a maize silage diet. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 34 (1994) 9-23
48. McAllan A.B., Sutton J.D., Beever D.E., and Napper D.J. Rumen fermentation characteristics and duodenal nutrient flow in lactating cows receiving two types of grass silage with two levels of concentrates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 46 (1994) 277-291
49. Moloney A.P., and Flynn A.V. Rumen fermentation and in sacco degradability in steers of grass hay treated with urea and sodium hydroxide, alone or in combination. Ir. J. Agric. Res. 31 (1992) 129-142
50. Moloney A.P., McHugh T.V., and Moloney B.C. Volume of liquid in the rumen of Friesian steers offered diets based on grass silage. Ir. J. Agric. Res. 32 (1993) 133-145
51. O'Brien, P.D., 1997. Feed intake and growth performance of dairy and beef × dairy male cattle. M.Sc. Thesis. University College Dublin, 129 pp.
52. O'Donovan M., Delaby L., and Peyraud J.L. Effect of time of initial grazing date and subsequent stocking rate on pasture production and dairy cow performance. Anim. Res. 53 (2004) 489-502
53. O'Kiely P. Microwave drying of forages. Proceedings of the Agric. Res. Forum. Tullamore, Ireland (1997), Teagasc 105
54. O'Mara F.P., Stakelum G.K., Dillon P., Murphy J.J., and Rath M. Rumen fermentation and nutrient flows for cows fed grass and grass supplemented with molassed beet pulp pellets. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (1997) 2466-2474
55. O'Reilly G. Meteorological elements and their measurement. In: Keane T. (Ed). Climate, Weather and Irish Agriculture (1986), Mount Salus Press Ltd., Dublin 7-23
56. O'Riordan E.G. Effect of nitrogen application rate and grass regrowth interval on annual herbage production. Proceedings of the Agric. Res. Forum. Tullamore, Ireland (1997), Teagasc 133-134
57. O'Riordan E.G. Effect of regrowth interval and nitrogen application rate on herbage production. Proceedings of the Agric. Res. Forum. Tullamore, Ireland (1998), Teagasc 107-108
58. O'Riordan E.G., McGilloway D., and French P. Beef from grass-based system. Ir. Grassl. Anim. Prod. Assoc. J. 34 (2000) 105-111
59. Olsson V., Murphy J.J., O'Mara F.P., O'Donovan M.A., and Mulligan F.J. Irish PDI values of perennial ryegrass cultivars differing in heading date and ploidy. Proceedings of the Agric. Res. Forum. Tullamore, Ireland (2005), Teagasc 20
60. Parga J., Peyraud J.L., and Delgarde R. Age or regrowth affects grass intake and ruminal fermentations in grazing dairy cows. In: Durand J.L., Emile J.C., and Huyghe C. (Eds). Multifunctional Grasslands: Quality Forages, Animal Products and Landscapes: Proceedings of the 19th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Grassl. Sci. in Europe, No. 7. La Rochelle, France, 27-30 May (2002), European Grassland Federation, Versailles 256-257
61. Peyraud J.L., Astigarraga L., and Faverdin P. Digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass fertilized at two levels of nitrogen by lactating dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 64 (1997) 155-171
62. Peyraud J.L., and Astigarraga L. Review of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition, intake, digestion and nutritive value of fresh herbage: consequences on animal nutrition and N balance. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 72 (1998) 235-259
63. Ranfft K. Determination by gas chromatography of short chain fatty acids in ruminal fluids. Arch. Tier. 23 (1973) 343-352
64. Ribeiro Filho H.M.N., Delgarde R., and Peyraud J.L. Inclusion of white clover in strip-grazed perennial ryegrass swards: herbage intake and milk yield of dairy cows at different ages of sward regrowth. Anim. Sci. 77 (2003) 499-510
65. Rinne M., Huhtanen P., and Jaakkola S. Grass maturity effects on cattle fed silage-based diets. 2. Cell wall digestibility, digestion and passage kinetics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67 (1997) 19-35
66. Rinne M., Huhtanen P., and Jaakkola S. Digestive processes of dairy cows fed silages harvested at four stages of grass maturity. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (2002) 1986-1998
67. Robinson P.H., Sniffen C.J., and Van Soest P.J. Influence of level of feed intake on digestion and bacterial yield in the forestomachs of dairy cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 65 (1985) 437-444
68. Robinson P.H., Fadel J.G., and Tamminga S. Evaluation of mathematical models to describe neutral detergent residue in terms of its susceptibility to degradation in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 15 (1986) 249-271
69. Robinson P.H., Tamminga S., and Van Vuuren A.M. Influence of declining level of feed intake and varying the proportion of starch in the concentrate on rumen ingesta quantity, composition and kinetics of ingesta turnover in dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 17 (1987) 37-62
70. Sairanen A., Khalili H., Nousiainen J.I., Ahvenjärvi S., and Huhtanen P. The effect of concentrate supplementation on nutrient flow to the omasum in dairy cows receiving freshly cut grass. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 1443-1453
71. Salaün C., Van Straalen W.M., Kogut J., Peyraud J.L., and Van Vuuren A.M. In situ degradation of perennial ryegrass from grazed pastures during the season at two levels of nitrogen fertilization. Ann. Zootech. 48 (1999) 35-46
72. Sanderson M.A., and Wedin W.F. Nitrogen in the detergent fractions of temperate legumes and grasses. Grass Forage Sci. 44 (1989) 159-168
73. SAS. Statistical Analysis Institute (Version 9.1.3) (2003), SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA
74. Shiels P., Moloney A.P., O'Kiely P., and Porter M.G. A note on the estimation of the dry matter concentration of ruminal particulate digesta. Ir. J. Agric. Food Res. 38 (1999) 251-254
75. Siddons R.C., Paradine J., Beever D.E., and Cornell P.R. Ytterbium acetate as a particulate-phase digesta-flow marker. Br. J. Nutr. 54 (1985) 509-520
76. Slyter L.L., Satter L.D., and Dinijs D.A. Effect of ruminal ammonia concentration on nitrogen utilization by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 48 (1979) 906-912
77. Stakelum G., and Dillon P. The effect of supplement type on the rumen fermentation pattern of cows fed fresh grass and the in sacco disappearance of grass in the rumen. Ir. J. Agric. Food Res. 42 (2003) 213-228
78. Tamminga S., Robinson P.H., Vogt M., and Boer H. Rumen ingesta kinetics of cell wall components in dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 25 (1989) 89-98
79. Taweel H.Z., Tas B.M., Smit H.J., Elgersma A., Dijkstra J., and Tamminga S. Effects of feeding perennial ryegrass with an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates on intake, rumen function and performance of dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 121 (2005) 243-256
80. Tilley J.M.A., and Terry R.A. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassland Soc. 18 (1963) 104-111
81. Uden P., Colucci P.E., and van Soest P.J. Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 31 (1980) 625-632
82. Van Keulen J., and Young B.A. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 2 (1977) 282-287
83. Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B., and Lewis. Carbohydrate methodology, metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Methods of dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (1991) 3583-3597
84. Van Vuuren A.M., Tamminga S., and Ketelaar R.S. In sacco degradation of organic matter and crude protein of fresh grass (Lolium perenne) in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 116 (1991) 429-436
85. Van Vuuren A.M., Krol-Kramer F., Van Der Lee R.A., and Corbijn H. Protein digestion and intestinal amino acids in dairy cows fed fresh Lolium perenne with different nitrogen contents. J. Dairy Sci. 75 (1992) 2215-2225
86. Vanzant E.S., Cochran R.C., and Titgemeyer E.C. Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (1998) 2717-2729
87. Vérité R., and Peyraud J.L. Protein: the PDI systems. In: Jarrige R. (Ed). Ruminant Nutrition. Recommended Allowances and Feed Tables (1989), John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, France 33-47
88. Waters C.J., and Givens D.I. Nitrogen degradability of fresh herbage: effect of maturity and growth type, and prediction from chemical and by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 38 (1992) 335-349
89. Woods V.B., O'Mara F.P., and Moloney A.P. The in situ ruminal degradability of concentrate feedstuffs in steers as affected by level of feed consumption and ratio of grass silage to concentrate. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 100 (2002) 15-30
90. Younge B.A., Murphy J.J., and Rath M. Nutrient metabolism in the rumen and milk production in cows fed on grass-silage and fresh grass based diets. Livest. Prod. Sci. 88 (2004) 43-54
91. Zinn R.A., and Owens F.N. A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66 (1986) 157-166