The effects of learning on event-related potential correlates of musical expectancy

Psychophysiology

Volumn 45, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 759-775

  Carrión, Ricardo E ^a   Bly, Benjamin Martin ^b  

^a ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

ERN; ERP; Implicit learning; MMN; Music; Musical expectancy; P3b

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; EXPECTANCY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; KNOWLEDGE; LATENT PERIOD; LEARNING; MALE; MUSIC; NORMAL HUMAN; P3B EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TEACHING; WAVEFORM;

EID: 49649095406     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: 14698986     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00687.x     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Aldwell, E. Schachter, C. (2002). Harmony and voice leading (3rd ed). Orlando, FL : Harcourt Brace.
2. Alho, K. (1995). Cerebral generators of mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic counterpart (MMNm) elicited by sound changes. Ear and Hearing, 16, 38 50.
3. Baldwin, K. Kutas, M. (1997). An ERP analysis of implicit structured sequence learning. Psychophysiology, 34, 74 86.
4. Berry, D. C. Dienes, Z. (1991). The relationship between implicit memory and implicit learning. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 359 373.
5. Besson, M. (1997). Electrophysiological studies of music processing. In I. Deliége J. Sloboda (Eds.), Perception and cognition of music (pp. 217 250). East Sussex, UK : Psychology Press.
6. Besson, M. (1999). The musical brain: Neural substrates of music perception. Journal of New Music Research, 28, 246 256.
7. Besson, M. Faïta, F. (1995). An event-related potential (ERP) study of musical expectancy: Comparison of musicians with nonmusicians. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1278 1296.
8. Besson, M. Macar, F. (1987). An event-related potential analysis of incongruity in music and other non-linguistic contexts. Psychophysiology, 24, 14 25.
9. Besson, M. Schön, D. (2001). Comparison between language and music. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 232 259.
10. Bharucha, J. Stoeckig, K. (1986). Response time and musical expectancy: Priming of chords. Journal of Experimental Psychological: Human Perception and Performance, 12, 403 410.
11. Bly, B. M., Carrión, R. E. Rasch, B. (2008). Domain-specific learning of grammatical structure in musical and phonological sequences. Manuscript in preparation.
12. Brattico, E., Näätänen, R. Tervaniemi, M. (2001). Context effects on pitch perception in musicians and nonmusicians: Evidence from event-related-potential recordings. Music Perception, 19, 199 222.
13. Carrión, R. E. Bly, B. M. (2007). Event-related potential markers of expectation violation in an artificial grammar learning task. NeuroReport, 18, 191 195.
14. Cleeremans, A., Destrebecqz, A. Boyer, M. (1998). Implicit learning: News from the front. Trends in Cognitive Science, 2, 406 416.
15. Cleeremans, A. McClelland, J. L. (1991). Learning the structure of event sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 120, 235 253.
16. Coles, M. Rugg, M. (1995). Event-related brain potentials: An introduction. In M. Rugg M. Coles (Eds.), Electrophysiology of the mind (pp. 1 26). Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press.
17. Comerchero, M. D. Polich, J. (1999). P3a and P3b from typical auditory and visual stimuli. Clinical Neurophysiology, 110, 24 30.
18. Courchesne, E., Hillyard, S. A. Galambos, R. (1975). Stimulus novelty, task relevance and the visual evoked potential in man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 39, 131 143.
19. Crummer, G. C., Hantz, E. C., Chuang, S. W., Walton, J. P. Frisina, R. D. (1988). Neural basis for music cognition: Initial experimental findings. Psychomusicology, 7, 117 126.
20. Crummer, G. C., Walton, J. C., Wayman, J. W., Hantz, E. C. Frisina, R. D. (1994). Neural processing of musical timbre by musicians, nonmusicians, and musicians possessing absolute pitch. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 2720 2727.
21. Daffner, K. R., Mesulam, M. M., Scinto, L. F. M., Calvo, V., Faust, R., West, W. C. Holcomb, P. J. (2000). The influence of stimulus deviance on electrophysiologic and behavioral responses to novel events. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 393 406.
22. Dienes, Z. Altmann, G. T. (2003). Measuring learning using an untrained control group: Comments on R. Reber and P. Perruchet. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Series A. Human Experimental Psychology, 56, 117 123.
23. Donchin, E. Coles, M. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? Behavioural Brain Sciences, 11, 357 374.
24. Donchin, E., Karis, D., Bashore, T. R., Coles, M. G. H. Gratton, G. (1986). Cognitive psychophysiology and human information processing. In M. G. H., Coles, E. Donchin S. W. Porges (Eds.), Psychophysiology: Systems, processes, and applications (pp. 244 267). New York : Guilford Press.
25. Duncan-Johnson, C. C. Donchin, E. (1982). The p300 component of the event-related brain potential as an index of information processing. Biological Psychology, 14, 1 52.
26. Eimer, M., Goschke, T., Schlaghecken, F. Stürmer, B. (1996). Explicit and implicit learning of event sequences: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 970 987.
27. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J. Hoormann, J. (1994). Effects of choice complexity on different subcomponents of the late positive complex of the event-related potential. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 92, 148 160.
28. Ford, J. M., Roth, W. T. Kopell, B. S. (1976). Auditory evoked potentials to unpredictable shifts in pitch. Psychophysiology, 13, 32 39.
29. Friedman, D., Cycowicz, Y. M. Gaeta, H. (2001). The novelty P3: An event-related brain potential (ERP) sign of the brain's evaluation of novelty. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25, 355 373.
30. Gratton, G., Coles, M. Donchin, E. (1983). A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 55, 468 484.
31. Greenhouse, S. W. Geisser, S. (1959). On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika, 24, 95 112.
32. Janata, P. (1995). ERP measures assay the degree of expectancy violation of harmonic contexts in music. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 153 164.
33. Jones, M. R. (1981). Music as a stimulus for psychological motion: Part I. Some determinants of expectancies. Psychomusicology, 1, 34 51.
34. Jones, M. R. (1982). Music as a stimulus for psychological motion. Part II. An expectancy model. Psychomusicology, 2, 1 13.
35. Katayama, J. Polich, J. (1998). Stimulus context determines P3a and P3b. Psychophysiology, 35, 23 33.
36. Knight, R. T. (1984). Decreased response to novel stimuli after prefrontal lesions in man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 59, 9 20.
37. Koelsch, S. (2005). Neural substrates of processing syntax and semantics in music. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 1 6.
38. Koelsch, S., Gunter, T. C., Friederici, A. D. Schröger, E. (2000). Brain indices of music processing: "Nonmusicians" are musical. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 520 541.
39. Koelsch, S., Gunter, T. C., Schröger, E., Tervaniemi, M. Friederici, D. S. A. (2001). Differentiating ERAN and MMN: An ERP study. NeuroReport, 12, 1385 1389.
40. Koelsch, S., Jentschke, S., Sammler, D. Mietchen, D. (2007). Untangling syntactic and sensory processing: An ERP study of music perception. Psychophysiology, 44, 476 490.
41. Koelsch, S., Maess, B., Grossmann, T. Friederici, A. D. (2003). Electric brain responses reveal gender differences in music processing. NeuroReport, 14, 709 713.
42. Koelsch, S., Schmidt, B. Kansok, J. (2002). Influences of musical expertise on the ERAN: An ERP study. Psychophysiology, 39, 657 663.
43. Koelsch, S. Siebel, W. A. (2005). Towards a neural basis of music perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 578 584.
44. Kostka, S. Payne, D. (2000). Harmony, with an introduction to twentieth century music ((4th ed.)). New York : McGraw Hill.
45. Krumhansl, C. L. (1979). The psychological representation of musical pitch in a tonal context. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 346 374.
46. Krumhansl, C. L. (1990). Cognitive foundations of musical pitch. New York : Oxford University Press.
47. Kuhn, G. Dienes, Z. (2005). Implicit learning of nonlocal musical rules: Implicitly learning more than chunks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 1417 1432.
48. Leino, S., Brattico, E., Tervaniemi, M. Vuust, P. (2007). Representation of harmony rules in the human brain: Further evidence from event-related potentials. Brain Research, 1142, 169 177.
49. Lerdahl, F. Jackendoff, R. (1996). A generative theory of tonal music (Reprint). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
50. Loui, P., Grent-'t Jong, T., Torpey, D. Woldorff, M. (2005). Effects of attention on the neural processing of harmonic syntax in Western music. Cognitive Brain Research, 25, 678 687.
51. McCarthy, G. Donchin, E. (1981). A metric for thought: A comparison of P300 latency and reaction time. Science, 211, 77 79.
52. McCarthy, G. Wood, C. C. (1985). Scalp distributions of event-related potentials: An ambiguity associated with analysis of variance models. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 62, 203 208.
53. Miyawaki, K., Sato, A., Yasuda, A., Kumano, H. Kuboki, T. (2005). Explicit knowledge and intention to learn in sequence learning: An event-related potential study. NeuroReport, 16, 705 708.
54. Näätänen, R. (1990). The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function. Behavioral Brain Sciences, 13, 201 288.
55. Näätänen, R. (1992). Attention and brain function. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
56. Näätänen, R. Gaillard, A. W. K. (1983). The orienting reflex and the N2 deflection of the ERP. In A. W. K. Gaillard W. Ritter (Eds.), Tutorials in event-related potential research: Endogenous components (pp. 119 141). Amsterdam : North-Holland.
57. Näätänen, R., Gaillard, A. W. K. Mäntysalo, S. (1978). Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychologica, 42, 313 329.
58. Näätänen, R., Jacobsen, T. Winkler, I. (2005). Memory-based or afferent processes in mismatch negativity (MMN): A review of the evidence. Psychophysiology, 42, 25 32.
59. Näätänen, R. Picton, T. W. (1986). N2 and automatic versus controlled processes. In W. C., McCallum, R. Zappoli F. Denoth (Eds.), Cerebral psychophysiology: Studies in event-related potentials (pp. 169 186). New York : Elsevier.
60. O'Donnell, B. F., Friedman, S., Maloon, A. Drachman, D. A. (1992). P3 latency and neuropsychological performance: Influence of age and individual differences. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 12, 187 195.
61. Paller, K., McCarthy, G. Wood, C. (1992). Event-related potentials elicited by deviant endings to melodies. Psychophysiology, 29, 202 206.
62. Patel, A. D., Gibson, E., Ratner, J., Besson, M. Holcomb, P. J. (1998). Processing syntactic relations in language and music: An event-related potential study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 717 733.
63. Patel, S. H. Azzam, P. N. (2005). Characterization of N200 and P300: Selected studies of the event-related potential. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2, 147 154.
64. Picton, T. W., Bentin, S., Berg, P., Donchin, E., Hillyard, S. A., Johnson, R. Jr., et al 2000). Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria. Psychophysiology, 37, 127 152.
65. Polich, J. (1986). Attention, probability, and task demands as determinants of P300 latency from auditory stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 63, 251 259.
66. Polich, J. (1987). Task difficulty, probability, and inter-stimulus interval as determinants of P300 from auditory stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 68, 311 320.
67. Polich, J. (1988). Bifurcated P300 peaks: P3a and P3b revisited? Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 5, 287 294.
68. Polich, J. (2003). Theoretical overview of P3a and P3b. In J. Polich (Ed.), Detection of change: Event-related potential and fMRI findings (pp. 83 98). Boston, MA : Kluwer Academic Press.
69. Pothos, E. M. (2007). Theories of artificial grammar learning. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 227 244.
70. Pritchard, W. S. (1981). Psychophysiology of p300. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 506 540.
71. Pritchard, W. S., Shappell, S. A. Brandt, M. E. (1991). Psychophysiology of N200/N400: A review and classification scheme. In J. R., Jennings, P. K. Ackles M. G. H. Coles (Eds.), Advances in psychophysiology (vol. 4, pp. 43 106). Greenwich, CT : JAI Press.
72. Reber, A. S. (1989). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 219 235.
73. Regnault, P., Bigand, E. Besson, M. (2001). Different brain mechanisms mediate sensitivity to sensory consonance and harmonic context: Evidence from auditory event-related brain potentials. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 241 255.
74. Ritter, W., Simon, R., Vaughan, H. G. Friedman, D. (1979). A brain event related to the making of a sensory discrimination. Science, 203, 1358 1361.
75. Ritter, W., Deacon, D., Gomes, H., Javitt, D. C. Vaughan, H. G. Jr. (1995). The mismatch negativity of event-related potentials as a probe of transient auditory memory: A review. Ear and Hearing, 16, 51 66.
76. Schlaghecken, F., Stuermer, B. Eimer, M. (2000). Chunking processes in the learning of event sequences. Memory & Cognition, 28, 821 831.
77. Squires, K., Squires, N. Hillyard, S. (1975). Vertex evoked potentials in a rating-scale detection task: Relation to signal probability. Behavioral Biology, 13, 21 34.
78. Steinbeis, N., Koelsch, S. Sloboda, J. A. (2006). The role of harmonic expectancy violations in musical emotions: Evidence from subjective, physiological, and neural responses. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1380 1393.
79. Sutton, S., Braren, M., Zubin, J. John, E. R. (1965). Evoked potential correlates of stimulus uncertainty. Science, 150, 1187 1188.
80. Tervaniemi, M., Schröger, E., Saher, M. Näätänen, R. (2000). Effects of spectral complexity and sound duration on automatic complex-sound pitch processing in humans - A mismatch negativity study. Neuroscience Letters, 290, 66 70.
81. Tervaniemi, M., Ilvonen, T., Karma, K., Alho, K. Näätänen, R. (1997). The musical brain: Brain waves reveal the neurophysiological basis of musicality in human participants. Neuroscience Letters, 226, 1 4.
82. West, W., O'Rourke, T. Holcomb, P. J. (1998). Event-related brain potentials and language comprehension: A cognitive neuroscience approach to the study of intellectual functioning. In S. Soraci W. McIlvane (Eds.), Perspectives on fundamental processes in intellectual functioning (pp. 133 168). Greenwich, CT : Ablex Publishing Corporation.