Toward an epistemology of Wikipedia

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology

Volumn 59, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 1662-1674

  Fallis, Don ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EMPIRICAL STUDIES; INFORMATION SOURCE; INFORMATION SOURCES; ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA; WIKIPEDIA;

EID: 48849087249     PISSN: 15322882     EISSN: 15322890     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/asi.20870     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Adler, B.T., & de Alfaro, L. (2007). A content-driven reputation system for the Wikipedia. Proceedings of the International World Wide Web Conference. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~luca/ papers/07/wikiwww2007.pdf
2. Anderson, C. (2006). The long tail. New York: Hyperion.
3. Anthony, D., Smith, S.W., & Williamson, T. (2007). The quality of open source production: Zealots and good Samaritans in the case of Wikipedia. Dartmouth Technical Report. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/reports/abstracts/TR2007-606/
4. Atkinson, R. (1996). Library functions, scholarly communication, and the foundation of the digital library: Laying claim to the control zone. Library Quarterly, 66, 239-265.
5. Birnholtz, J.P. (2007). When do researchers collaborate? Toward a model of collaboration propensity. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58, 2226-2239.
6. Black, M. (1983). The prevalence of humbug and other essays. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
7. Borland, J. (2007). See who's editing Wikipedia: Diebold, the CIA, a campaign. Wired. Retrieved November 15,2007, from http://www.wired.com/politics/ onlinerights/news/2007/08/wiki_tracker
8. Bragues, G. (2007). Wiki-philosophizing in a marketplace of ideas: Evaluating Wikipedia's entries on seven great minds. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=978177
9. Coady, D. (2006). When experts disagree. Episteme, 3, 68-79.
10. Cohen, G.A. (2002). Deeper into bullshit. In S. Buss & L. Overton (Eds.), Contours of agency (pp. 321-39). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Cohen, N. (2007). Courts turn to Wikipedia, but selectively. New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/ technology/29wikipedia.html
12. Cronin, B. (2005). BLOG: See also Bathetically Ludicrous Online Gibberish. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.slis.indiana.edu/news/ story.php?story_id=958
13. Cross, T. (2006). Puppy smoothies: Improving the reliability of open, collaborative wikis. First Monday, 11. Retrieved February 1, 2008, from http://www.firstmonday.org/ISSUES/issue11_9/cross/
14. Denning, P., Horning, J., Parnas, D., & Weinstein, L. (2005). Wikipedia risks. Communications of the ACM, 48, 152.
15. Descartes, R. (1996). Meditations on first philosophy. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1641)
16. Devgan, L., Powe, N., Blakey, B., & Makary, M. (2007). Wiki-surgery? Internal validity of Wikipedia as a medical and surgical reference. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 205, S76-S77.
17. Duguid, P. (2006). Limits of self-organization: Peer production and "laws of quality." First Monday, 11. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue11_10/duguid/
18. Ellickson, R.C. (1991). Order without law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
19. Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2006). Fatally flawed: Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal Nature. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf
20. Estlund, D.M. (1994). Opinion leaders, independence, and Condorcet's jury theorem. Theory and Decision, 36, 131-162.
21. Fallis, D. (2004a). Epistemic value theory and information ethics. Minds and Machines, 14, 101-117.
22. Fallis, D. (2004b). On verifying the accuracy of information: Philosophical perspectives. Library Trends, 52, 463-487.
23. Fallis, D. (2006). Social epistemology and information science. In B. Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 40, pp. 475-519). Medford, NJ: Information Today.
24. Fallis, D. (2007). Toward an epistemology of intellectual property. Journal of Information Ethics, 16, 34-51.
25. Fallis, D., & Frické, M. (2002). Indicators of accuracy of consumer health information on the Internet. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 9, 73-79.
26. Feldman, R. (2003). Epistemology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fox, C., Levitin, A., & Redman, T. (1994). The notion of data and its quality dimensions. Information Processing and Management, 30, 9-19.
27. Frankfurt, H.G. (2005). On bullshit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
28. Frické, M., & Fallis, D. (2004). Indicators of accuracy for answers to ready reference questions on the Internet. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55, 238-245.
29. Giles, J. (2005). Internet encyclopaedias go head to head. Nature, 438, 900-901.
30. Giles, J. (2007). You can put your trust in Wikipedia 2.0: Wikipedia wants to be seen as more reliable, but will the changes it is planning deter genuine contributors? New Scientist, 195, 28-29.
31. Goldman, A.I. (1999). Knowledge in a social world. New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Goldman, A.I. (2001). Experts: Which ones should you trust? Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 63, 85-110.
33. Goldman, A.I. (2008). The social epistemology of blogging. In J. van den Hoven & J. Weckert (Eds.), Information technology and moral philosophy. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved January 17, 2008, from http://fas-philosophy.rutgers.edu/goldman/ Social%20Epistemology%20of%20Blogging.pdf
34. Gorman, G.E. (2007). A tale of information ethics and encyclopedias; or, is Wikipedia just another internet scam? Online Information Review, 31, 273-276.
35. Guinnee, E. (2007). A new context for knowledge creation. Library Student Journal. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.librarystudentjournal. org/index.php/lsj/article/view/18/44
36. Hardin, R. (2003). If it rained knowledge. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 33, 3-24.
37. Hernon, P. (1995). Disinformation and misinformation through the internet: Findings of an exploratory study. Government Information Quarterly, 12, 133-139.
38. Hume, D. (1977). An enquiry concerning human understanding. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett. (Original work published 1748)
39. Impicciatore, P., Pandolfini, C., Casella, N., & Bonati, M. (1997). Reliability of health information for the public on the world wide web: Systematic survey of advice on managing fever in children at home. British Medical Journal, 314, 1875-1879.
40. James, W. (1979). The will to believe and other essays in popular philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1896)
41. Keen, A. (2007). Cult of the amateur. New York: Doubleday.
42. Kelton, K., Fleischmann, K.R., & Wallace, W.A. (2008). Trust in digital information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59, 363-374.
43. Kitcher, P. (1992). The naturalists return. Philosophical Review, 101, 53-114.
44. Kronick, D.A. (1988). Anonymity and identity: Editorial policy in the early scientific journal. Library Quarterly, 58, 221-237.
45. Lackey, J., & Sosa, E. (2006). The epistemology of testimony. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
46. Lally, A.M., & Dunford, C.E. (2007). Using Wikipedia to extend digital collections. D-Lib Magazine, 13. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may07/lally/05lally.html
47. Levi, I. (1967). Gambling with truth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
48. Lih, A. (2004). Wikipedia as participatory journalism: Reliable sources? Metrics for evaluating collaborative media as a news resource. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Online Journalism, University of Texas-Austin. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://jmsc.hku.hk/faculty/alih/publications/ utaustin-2004-wikipedia-rc2.pdf
49. Luyt, B., Aaron, T.C.H., Thian, L.H., & Hong, C.K. (2008). Improving Wikipedia's accuracy: Is edit age a solution? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59, 318-330.
50. Magnus, P.D. (2006). Epistemology and the Wikipedia. Paper presented at the North American Computing and Philosophy Conference. Retrieved November 22, 2007, from http://hdl.handle.net/1951/42589
51. Maher, P. (1993). Betting on theories. New York: Cambridge University Press. Mann, T. (1993). Library research models. New York: Oxford University Press.
52. Meola, M. (2000). Review of knowledge in a social world by Alvin I. Goldman. College and Research Libraries, 61, 173-174.
53. Meyer, B. (2006). Defense and illustration of Wikipedia. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://se.inf.ethz.ch/~meyer/publications/wikipedia/ wikipedia.pdf
54. Mill, J.S. (1978). On liberty. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett. (Original work published 1859)
55. Page, S.E. (2007). The difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
56. Pang, A.S.-K. (1998). The work of the encyclopedia in the age of electronic reproduction. First Monday, 3. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue3_9/pang/
57. Paterson, R.W.K. (1979). Towards an axiology of knowledge. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 13, 91-100.
58. Plato. (1961). Collected dialogues. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
59. Poe, M. (2006). The hive. Atlantic Monthly. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia
60. Pritchard, D. (2007). Recent work on epistemic value. American Philosophical Quarterly, 44, 85-110.
61. Rainie, L., & Tancer, B. (2007). Data memo. Retrieved November 15,2007, from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Wikipedia07.pdf
62. Read, B. (2006). Can Wikipedia ever make the grade? Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(10), A31.
63. Read, B. (2007a). Middlebury College History Department limits students' use of Wikipedia. Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(24), A39.
64. Read, B. (2007b). Wikipedia fights bogus credentials. Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/ article/1923/expertise-on-trial-on-wikipedia
65. Rieh, S.Y. (2002). Judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the Web. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53, 145-161.
66. Riggs, W.D. (2003). Balancing our epistemic ends. Nous, 37, 342-352.
67. Rosenzweig, R. (2006). Can history be open source? Wikipedia and the future of the past. Journal of American History, 93, 117-146.
68. Sanger, L. (2005). The early history of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A memoir. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid= 05/04/18/164213
69. Schiff, S. (2006). Know it all. New Yorker. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/07/31/060731fa_fact
70. Shera, J. (1970). Sociological foundations of librarianship. New York: Asia Publishing House.
71. Sunstein, C.R. (2006). Infotopia. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
72. Surowiecki, J. (2004). The wisdom of crowds. New York: Doubleday.
73. Swanson, D.R. (1986). Fish oil, Raynaud's syndrome, and undiscovered public knowledge. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 30, 7-18.
74. Tapscott, D., & Williams, A.D. (2006). Wikinomics. New York: Portfolio.
75. Thagard, P. (1997). Internet epistemology : Contributions of new information technologies to scientific research. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/Pages/Epistemology.html
76. Thagard, P. (2006). How to collaborate: Procedural knowledge in the cooperative development of science. Southern Journal of Philosophy, 44, S177-S196.
77. Tollefsen, D. (2007). Group testimony. Social Epistemology, 21, 299-311.
78. Viegas, F.B., Wattenberg, M., & Dave, K. (2004). Studying cooperation and conflict between authors with history flow visualizations. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April, 2004, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://alumni.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/ history_flow.pdf
79. Waldron, J. (1995). The wisdom of the multitude: Some reflections on Book 3, Chapter 11 of Aristotle's Politics. Political Theory, 23, 563-584.
80. Warner, J. (2005). Labor in information systems. In B. Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 39, pp. 551-573). Medford, NJ: Information Today.
81. Willinsky, J. (2007). What open access research can do for Wikipedia. First Monday, 12. Retrieved January 17, 2008, from http://www.firstmonday.org/ issues/issue12_3/willinsky/
82. Wilson, P. (1983). Second-hand knowledge. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
83. Winchester, S. (1998). The professor and the madman. New York: Harper-Collins.
84. Wray, K.B. (2002). The epistemic significance of collaborative research. Philosophy of Science, 69, 150-168.