메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 186-191

Evolving understandings about complex regional pain syndrome and its treatment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BACLOFEN; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BOTULINUM TOXIN; CALCITONIN; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; GABAPENTIN; GLUCOCORTICOID; GUANETHIDINE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; OPIATE; SCAVENGER; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTIBODY;

EID: 48749096828     PISSN: 15313433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-008-0033-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (9)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 0001736050 scopus 로고
    • De la causalgie envisagée comme une névrite du sympathique et de son traitement par la dénudation et l'excision des plexus nerveux périartériels
    • Leriche R: De la causalgie envisagée comme une névrite du sympathique et de son traitement par la dénudation et l'excision des plexus nerveux périartériels. Presse Med 1916, 24:178-180.
    • (1916) Presse Med , vol.24 , pp. 178-180
    • Leriche, R.1
  • 5
    • 0001484482 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Evans JA: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Surg Clin North Am 1946, 26:435-448.
    • (1946) Surg Clin North Am , vol.26 , pp. 435-448
    • Evans, J.A.1
  • 6
    • 0028790405 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Changing concepts and taxonomy
    • Stanton-Hicks M, Janig W, Hassenbusch S, et al.: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: changing concepts and taxonomy. Pain 1995, 63:127-133.
    • (1995) Pain , vol.63 , pp. 127-133
    • Stanton-Hicks, M.1    Janig, W.2    Hassenbusch, S.3
  • 7
    • 0027443346 scopus 로고
    • Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Prospective study of 829 patients
    • Veldman PH, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, Goris RJ: Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 1993, 342:1012-1016.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1012-1016
    • Veldman, P.H.1    Reynen, H.M.2    Arntz, I.E.3    Goris, R.J.4
  • 8
    • 0036147319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome: Are there distinct subtypes and sequential stages of the syndrome?
    • Bruehl S, Harden RN, Galer BS, et al.: Complex regional pain syndrome: are there distinct subtypes and sequential stages of the syndrome? Pain 2002, 95:119-124.
    • (2002) Pain , vol.95 , pp. 119-124
    • Bruehl, S.1    Harden, R.N.2    Galer, B.S.3
  • 9
    • 0034968030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Despite clinical similarities there are significant differences between acute limb trauma and complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I)
    • Birklein F, Kunzel W, Sieweke N: Despite clinical similarities there are significant differences between acute limb trauma and complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I). Pain 2001, 93:165-171.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.93 , pp. 165-171
    • Birklein, F.1    Kunzel, W.2    Sieweke, N.3
  • 10
    • 33748474050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome: Signs, symptoms, and new empirically derived diagnostic criteria
    • Harden RN, Bruehl SP: Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome: signs, symptoms, and new empirically derived diagnostic criteria. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:415-419.
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 415-419
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.P.2
  • 11
    • 8444245494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndromes - how do we escape the diagnostic trap?
    • Baron R, Janig W: Complex regional pain syndromes - how do we escape the diagnostic trap? Lancet 2004, 364:1739-1741.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1739-1741
    • Baron, R.1    Janig, W.2
  • 12
    • 0034055805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes - analysis of 145 cases
    • Birklein F, Riedl B, Sieweke N, et al.: Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes - analysis of 145 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 2000, 101:262-269.
    • (2000) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.101 , pp. 262-269
    • Birklein, F.1    Riedl, B.2    Sieweke, N.3
  • 13
    • 33645875897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging of allodynia in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihofner C, Handwerker HO, Birklein F: Functional imaging of allodynia in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2006, 66:711-717.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 711-717
    • Maihofner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Birklein, F.3
  • 14
    • 85026138179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome: A role for TNF-alpha?
    • Maihofner C, Handwerker HO, Neundorfer B, Birklein F: Mechanical hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome: a role for TNF-alpha? Neurology 2005, 65:311-313.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 311-313
    • Maihofner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 15
    • 0001093480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous norepinephrine application in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Birklein F, Riedl B, Claus D, et al.: Cutaneous norepinephrine application in complex regional pain syndrome. Eur J Pain 1997, 1:123-132.
    • (1997) Eur J Pain , vol.1 , pp. 123-132
    • Birklein, F.1    Riedl, B.2    Claus, D.3
  • 16
    • 3843110367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired self-perception of the hand in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
    • Forderreuther S, Sailer U, Straube A: Impaired self-perception of the hand in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 2004, 110:756-761.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.110 , pp. 756-761
    • Forderreuther, S.1    Sailer, U.2    Straube, A.3
  • 17
  • 18
    • 0024226799 scopus 로고
    • Dystonia and tremor induced by peripheral trauma: Predisposing factors
    • Jankovic J, Van der Linden C: Dystonia and tremor induced by peripheral trauma: predisposing factors. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988, 51:1512-1519.
    • (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 1512-1519
    • Jankovic, J.1    Van der Linden, C.2
  • 19
    • 0033932794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia of complex regional pain syndrome: A distinct clinical entity associated with HLA-DR13
    • van Hilten JJ, van de Beek WJ, Roep BO: Multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia of complex regional pain syndrome: a distinct clinical entity associated with HLA-DR13. Ann Neurol 2000, 48:113-116.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 113-116
    • van Hilten, J.J.1    van de Beek, W.J.2    Roep, B.O.3
  • 21
    • 0037906196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility loci for complex regional pain syndrome
    • van de Beek WJ, Roep BO, van der Slik AR, et al.: Susceptibility loci for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2003, 103:93-97.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.103 , pp. 93-97
    • van de Beek, W.J.1    Roep, B.O.2    van der Slik, A.R.3
  • 22
    • 2342624491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polymorphic locus in the intron 16 of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is not correlated with complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I)
    • Huhne K, Leis S, Schmelz M, et al.: A polymorphic locus in the intron 16 of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is not correlated with complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I). Eur J Pain 2004, 8:221-225.
    • (2004) Eur J Pain , vol.8 , pp. 221-225
    • Huhne, K.1    Leis, S.2    Schmelz, M.3
  • 23
    • 0345167995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective examination of pain-related and psychological predictors of CRPS-like phenomena following total knee arthroplasty: A preliminary study
    • Harden RN, Bruehl S, Stanos S, et al.: Prospective examination of pain-related and psychological predictors of CRPS-like phenomena following total knee arthroplasty: a preliminary study. Pain 2003, 106:393-400.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.106 , pp. 393-400
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.2    Stanos, S.3
  • 24
    • 0030246935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological differences between reflex sympathetic dystrophy and non-RSD chronic pain patients
    • Bruehl S, Husfeldt B, Lubenow TR, et al.: Psychological differences between reflex sympathetic dystrophy and non-RSD chronic pain patients. Pain 1996, 67:107-114.
    • (1996) Pain , vol.67 , pp. 107-114
    • Bruehl, S.1    Husfeldt, B.2    Lubenow, T.R.3
  • 25
    • 0031864761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stressful life events and psychological dysfunction in complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Geertzen JH, de Bruijn-Kofman AT, de Bruijn HP, et al.: Stressful life events and psychological dysfunction in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:143-147.
    • (1998) Clin J Pain , vol.14 , pp. 143-147
    • Geertzen, J.H.1    de Bruijn-Kofman, A.T.2    de Bruijn, H.P.3
  • 26
    • 0035076357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Weber M, Birklein F, Neundorfer B, Schmelz M: Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2001, 91:251-257.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.91 , pp. 251-257
    • Weber, M.1    Birklein, F.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Schmelz, M.4
  • 27
    • 34848865926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Uceyler N, Eberle T, Rolke R, et al.: Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2007, 132:195-205.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.132 , pp. 195-205
    • Uceyler, N.1    Eberle, T.2    Rolke, R.3
  • 28
    • 21844454740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cerebrospinal fluid levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CRPS
    • Alexander GM, van Rijn MA, van Hilten JJ, et al.: Changes in cerebrospinal fluid levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CRPS. Pain 2005, 116:213-219.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.116 , pp. 213-219
    • Alexander, G.M.1    van Rijn, M.A.2    van Hilten, J.J.3
  • 29
    • 17144451153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased sensitivity of injured and adjacent uninjured rat primary sensory neurons to exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha after spinal nerve ligation
    • Schaters M, Lee DH, Brors D, et al.: Increased sensitivity of injured and adjacent uninjured rat primary sensory neurons to exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha after spinal nerve ligation. J Neurosci 2003, 23:3028-3038.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 3028-3038
    • Schaters, M.1    Lee, D.H.2    Brors, D.3
  • 30
    • 0034663315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 but not IL-8 in the development of heat hyperalgesia: Effects on heat-evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide release from rat skin
    • Opree A, Kress M: Involvement of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 but not IL-8 in the development of heat hyperalgesia: effects on heat-evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide release from rat skin. J Neurosci 2000, 20:6289-6293.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 6289-6293
    • Opree, A.1    Kress, M.2
  • 32
    • 0037062189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: A case-control study
    • Baron R, Schattschneider J, Binder A, et al.: Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study. Lancet 2002, 359:1655-1660.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1655-1660
    • Baron, R.1    Schattschneider, J.2    Binder, A.3
  • 33
    • 0034333009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradermal injection of norepinephrine evokes pain in patients with sympathetically maintained pain
    • Ali Z, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, et al.: Intradermal injection of norepinephrine evokes pain in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 2000, 88:161-168.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.88 , pp. 161-168
    • Ali, Z.1    Raja, S.N.2    Wesselmann, U.3
  • 34
    • 0035100912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular abnormalities in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): Mechanisms and diagnostic value
    • Wasner G, Schattschneider J, Heckmann K, et al.: Vascular abnormalities in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): mechanisms and diagnostic value. Brain 2001, 124:587-599.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 587-599
    • Wasner, G.1    Schattschneider, J.2    Heckmann, K.3
  • 35
    • 0031955823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for immune system involvement in reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Calder JS, Holten I, McAllister RM: Evidence for immune system involvement in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg [Br] 1998, 23:147-150.
    • (1998) J Hand Surg [Br] , vol.23 , pp. 147-150
    • Calder, J.S.1    Holten, I.2    McAllister, R.M.3
  • 36
    • 0030560721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional alpha 1-adrenergic receptors on leukocytes of patients with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
    • Heijnen CJ, Rouppe van der Voort C, Wulffraat N, et al.: Functional alpha 1-adrenergic receptors on leukocytes of patients with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Neuroimmunol 1996, 71:223-226.
    • (1996) J Neuroimmunol , vol.71 , pp. 223-226
    • Heijnen, C.J.1    Rouppe van der Voort, C.2    Wulffraat, N.3
  • 37
    • 8644239492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune etiology of complex regional pain syndrome (M. Sudeck)
    • Blacs F, Schmitz K, Tschernatsch M, et al.: Autoimmune etiology of complex regional pain syndrome (M. Sudeck). Neurology 2004, 63:1734-1736.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 1734-1736
    • Blacs, F.1    Schmitz, K.2    Tschernatsch, M.3
  • 38
    • 34648829245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity in complex-regional pain syndrome
    • Blaes F, Tschernatsch M, Braeu ME, et al.: Autoimmunity in complex-regional pain syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007, 1107:168-173.
    • (2007) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1107 , pp. 168-173
    • Blaes, F.1    Tschernatsch, M.2    Braeu, M.E.3
  • 39
    • 0346103688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cortical reorganization in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihofner C, Handwerker HO, Neundorfer B, Birklein F: Patterns of cortical reorganization in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2003, 61:1707-1715.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1707-1715
    • Maihofner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 40
    • 14844337914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor retuning [corrected] in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction
    • Pleger B, Tegenthoff M, Ragert P, et al.: Sensorimotor retuning [corrected] in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction. Ann Neurol 2005, 57:425-429.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 425-429
    • Pleger, B.1    Tegenthoff, M.2    Ragert, P.3
  • 41
    • 4143107914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical reorganization during recovery from complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihofner C, Handwerker HO, Neundorfer B, Birklein F: Cortical reorganization during recovery from complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2004, 63:693-701.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 693-701
    • Maihofner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 42
    • 33746792902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity and specificity of neglect-like symptoms in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) compared to chronic limb pain of other origins
    • Frettloh J, Huppe M, Maier C: Severity and specificity of neglect-like symptoms in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) compared to chronic limb pain of other origins. Pain 2006, 124:184-189.
    • (2006) Pain , vol.124 , pp. 184-189
    • Frettloh, J.1    Huppe, M.2    Maier, C.3
  • 43
    • 0041931051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand
    • Schwenkreis P, Janssen F, Rommel O, et al.: Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand. Neurology 2003, 61:515-519.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 515-519
    • Schwenkreis, P.1    Janssen, F.2    Rommel, O.3
  • 44
    • 0036719562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient adherence and medical treatment outcomes: A metaanalysis
    • DiMatteo MR, Giordani PJ, Lepper HS, Croghan TW: Patient adherence and medical treatment outcomes: a metaanalysis. Med Care 2002, 40:794-811.
    • (2002) Med Care , vol.40 , pp. 794-811
    • DiMatteo, M.R.1    Giordani, P.J.2    Lepper, H.S.3    Croghan, T.W.4
  • 45
    • 35348831738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological stress and disease
    • Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Miller GE: Psychological stress and disease. JAMA 2007, 298:1685-1687.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 1685-1687
    • Cohen, S.1    Janicki-Deverts, D.2    Miller, G.E.3
  • 46
    • 33748446468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological and behavioral aspects of complex regional pain syndrome management
    • Bruehl S, Chung OY: Psychological and behavioral aspects of complex regional pain syndrome management. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:430-437.
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 430-437
    • Bruehl, S.1    Chung, O.Y.2
  • 47
    • 1342279407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: A randomised controlled trial
    • Moseley GL: Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Pain 2004, 108:192-198.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.108 , pp. 192-198
    • Moseley, G.L.1
  • 48
    • 0031866511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndromes: Guidelines for therapy
    • Stanton-Hicks M, Baron R, Boas R, et al.: Complex regional pain syndromes: guidelines for therapy. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:155-166.
    • (1998) Clin J Pain , vol.14 , pp. 155-166
    • Stanton-Hicks, M.1    Baron, R.2    Boas, R.3
  • 49
    • 0032877109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain and reduced mobility in complex regional pain syndrome I: Outcome of a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial of adjuvant physical therapy versus occupational therapy
    • Oerlemans HM, Oostendorp RA, de Boo T, Goris RJ: Pain and reduced mobility in complex regional pain syndrome I: outcome of a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial of adjuvant physical therapy versus occupational therapy. Pain 1999, 83:77-83.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.83 , pp. 77-83
    • Oerlemans, H.M.1    Oostendorp, R.A.2    de Boo, T.3    Goris, R.J.4
  • 50
    • 0037244695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1)
    • McCabe CS, Haigh RC, Ring EF, et al.: A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1). Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003, 42:97-101.
    • (2003) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.42 , pp. 97-101
    • McCabe, C.S.1    Haigh, R.C.2    Ring, E.F.3
  • 51
    • 0020378425 scopus 로고
    • The reflex dystrophy syndrome response to treatment with systemic corticosteroids
    • Christensen K, Jensen EM, Noer I: The reflex dystrophy syndrome response to treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Acta Chir Scand 1982, 148:653-655.
    • (1982) Acta Chir Scand , vol.148 , pp. 653-655
    • Christensen, K.1    Jensen, E.M.2    Noer, I.3
  • 52
    • 34748854912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful intravenous regional block with low-dose tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody infliximab for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome 1
    • table of contents
    • Bernateck M, Rolke R, Birklein F, et al.: Successful intravenous regional block with low-dose tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody infliximab for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome 1. Anesth Analg 2007, 105:1148-1151, table of contents.
    • (2007) Anesth Analg , vol.105 , pp. 1148-1151
    • Bernateck, M.1    Rolke, R.2    Birklein, F.3
  • 53
    • 0029986316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy with DMSO 50% in a fatty cream
    • Zuurmond WW, Langendijk PN, Bezemer PD, et al.: Treatment of acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy with DMSO 50% in a fatty cream. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996, 40:364-367.
    • (1996) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.40 , pp. 364-367
    • Zuurmond, W.W.1    Langendijk, P.N.2    Bezemer, P.D.3
  • 54
    • 0037379934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with free radical scavengers: A randomized controlled study
    • Perez RS, Zuurmond WW, Bezemer PD, et al.: The treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with free radical scavengers: a randomized controlled study. Pain 2003, 102:297-307.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.102 , pp. 297-307
    • Perez, R.S.1    Zuurmond, W.W.2    Bezemer, P.D.3
  • 55
    • 0030989779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisphosphonate therapy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome
    • Adami S, Fossaluzza V, Gatti D, et al.: Bisphosphonate therapy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:201-204.
    • (1997) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.56 , pp. 201-204
    • Adami, S.1    Fossaluzza, V.2    Gatti, D.3
  • 56
    • 0034080615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study
    • Varenna M, Zucchi F, Ghiringhelli D, et al.: Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Rheumatol 2000, 27:1477-1483.
    • (2000) J Rheumatol , vol.27 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Varenna, M.1    Zucchi, F.2    Ghiringhelli, D.3
  • 57
    • 0035021644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS type 1): A research synthesis of 21 randomized clinical trials
    • Perez RS, Kwakkel G, Zuurmond WW, de Lange JJ: Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS type 1): a research synthesis of 21 randomized clinical trials. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001, 21:511-526.
    • (2001) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.21 , pp. 511-526
    • Perez, R.S.1    Kwakkel, G.2    Zuurmond, W.W.3    de Lange, J.J.4
  • 58
    • 0026501933 scopus 로고
    • The effect of adding calcitonin to physical treatment on reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Gobelet C, Waldburger M, Meier JL: The effect of adding calcitonin to physical treatment on reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain 1992, 48:171-175.
    • (1992) Pain , vol.48 , pp. 171-175
    • Gobelet, C.1    Waldburger, M.2    Meier, J.L.3
  • 59
    • 0025834752 scopus 로고
    • The use of nasal calcitonin in the treatment of post-traumatic algodystrophy
    • Bickerstaff DR, Kanis JA: The use of nasal calcitonin in the treatment of post-traumatic algodystrophy. Br J Rheumatol 1991, 30:291-294.
    • (1991) Br J Rheumatol , vol.30 , pp. 291-294
    • Bickerstaff, D.R.1    Kanis, J.A.2
  • 60
    • 0028814884 scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with gabapentin
    • Mellick LB, Mellick GA: Successful treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with gabapentin. Am J Emerg Med 1995, 13:96.
    • (1995) Am J Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 96
    • Mellick, L.B.1    Mellick, G.A.2
  • 61
    • 35748943212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: Evidence-based recommendations
    • Dworkin RH, O'Connor AB, Backonja M, et al.: Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: evidence-based recommendations. Pain 2007, 132:237-251.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.132 , pp. 237-251
    • Dworkin, R.H.1    O'Connor, A.B.2    Backonja, M.3
  • 62
    • 0035470378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of dystonic clenched fist with botulinum toxin
    • Cordivari C, Misra VP, Catania S, Lees AJ: Treatment of dystonic clenched fist with botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 2001, 16:907-913.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 907-913
    • Cordivari, C.1    Misra, V.P.2    Catania, S.3    Lees, A.J.4
  • 63
    • 0034739278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of dystonia in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • van Hilten BJ, van de Beek WJ, Hoff JI, et al.: Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of dystonia in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:625-630.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 625-630
    • van Hilten, B.J.1    van de Beek, W.J.2    Hoff, J.I.3
  • 64
    • 0031722349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of peak magnitude and duration of analgesia produced by local anesthetics injected into sympathetic ganglia of complex regional pain syndrome patients
    • Price DD, Long S, Wilsey B, Rafii A: Analysis of peak magnitude and duration of analgesia produced by local anesthetics injected into sympathetic ganglia of complex regional pain syndrome patients. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:216-226.
    • (1998) Clin J Pain , vol.14 , pp. 216-226
    • Price, D.D.1    Long, S.2    Wilsey, B.3    Rafii, A.4
  • 65
    • 0029090924 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous regional guanethidine in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy/causalgia: A randomized, double-blind study. Guanethidine Study Group
    • Ramamurthy S, Hoffman J: Intravenous regional guanethidine in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy/causalgia: a randomized, double-blind study. Guanethidine Study Group. Anesth Analg 1995, 81:718-723.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , pp. 718-723
    • Ramamurthy, S.1    Hoffman, J.2
  • 66
    • 0034131061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain relief in complex regional pain syndrome due to spinal cord stimulation does not depend on vasodilation
    • Kemler MA, Barendse GA, van Kleef M, Egbrink MG: Pain relief in complex regional pain syndrome due to spinal cord stimulation does not depend on vasodilation. Anesthesiology 2000, 92:1653-1660.
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.92 , pp. 1653-1660
    • Kemler, M.A.1    Barendse, G.A.2    van Kleef, M.3    Egbrink, M.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.