The prognostic value of PET and PET/CT in cervical cancer

Cancer Imaging

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 146-155

  Grigsby, Perry W ^a,b  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cervix cancer; Diagnosis; FDG PET CT; Prognosis; Radiation

Indexed keywords

CISPLATIN; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; MISONIDAZOLE;

ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DOSE RESPONSE; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; GENE EXPRESSION; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; METASTASIS; PHENOTYPE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; RADIATION DOSE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR VOLUME; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FEMALE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; LYMPH NODES; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASM STAGING; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS;

EID: 48649084362     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14707330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2008.0022     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Ellenson LH, Wu TC. Focus on endometrial and cervical cancer. Cancer Cell 2004; 5: 533-8.
2. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2002/
3. Plummer M, Franceschi S, Strategies for HPV prevention. Virus Res 2002; 89: 285-93.
4. 18FDG PET imaging in the management of cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 87: 90-7.
5. Reinhardt MJ. Ehritt-Braun C, Vagelgesang D, et al. Metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer detection with MR imaging and FDG PET. Radiology 2001; 218: 776-82.
6. Havrilesky LJ, Kulasingam SL, Matchar DB, Myers ER. FDG-PET for management of cervical and ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 97: 183-91.
7. Rose PG, Adler LP, Rodriguez M, Faulhaber PF, Abdul-Karim FW, Miraldi F. Positron emission tomography for evaluating para-aortic nodal metastasis in locally advanced cervical cancer before surgical staging: a surgicopathologic study. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 41-5.
8. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in advanced cervical cancer with negative magnetic resonance imaging findings. Oncol Rep 2002; 9: 1289-92.
9. Sugawara Y. Eisbruch A, Kosuda S. Recker BE, Kison PV, Wahl RL. Evaluation of FDG PET in patients with cervical cancer. J Nucl Med 1999; 40: 1125-31.
10. Lin WC, Hung YC. Yeh LS, Kao CH, Yen RF, Shen YY. Usefulness of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to detect para-aortic lymph nodal metastasis in advanced cervical cancer with negative computed tomography findings. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 89: 73-6.
11. Grigsby PW, Dehdashti F, Siegel BA. FDG-PET evaluation of carcinoma of the cervix. Clin Positron Imaging 1999: 2: 105-9.
12. Grigsby PW, Siegel BA, Dehdashsti F. Lymph node staging by positron emission tomography in patients with carcinoma of the cervix. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 3745-9.
13. Grigsby PW. The contribution of new imaging techniques in staging cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 107: S10-12.
14. Carey PF, Coleman, RE, Grigsby PW, Siegel BA. Medicare coverage of PET for cervical cancer. J Am Coll Radiol 2006; 3: 19-22.
15. Stehman F, Bundy B, DiSaia P, Keys HM, Larson JE, Fowler WC. Carcinoma of the cervix treated with irradiation therapy. I. A multivatiate analysis of prognostic-variables in the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Cancer 1991; 67: 2776-85.
16. 0Cu-ATSM: Relationship to therapeutic response - a preliminary report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003: 55: 1233-8.
17. Grigsby PW. 4th International Cervical Cancer Conference: update on PET and cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 99: S173-5.
18. Tran BN, Grigsby PW, Dehdashti F. Herzog TJ, Siegel BA. Occult supraclavicular lymph node metagesis identified by FDG-PET in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 90: 572-6.
19. Singh AK, Grigsby PW, Dehdashti F, Herzog TJ, Siegel BA. FDG-PET lymph node staging and survival of patients with FIGO stage IIIB cervical carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 56: 489-93.
20. 18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d- glucose positron emission tomography scan in women with cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007, 17: 1062-7.
21. Miller TR, Grigsby PW. Measurement of tumor volume by PET to evaluate prognosis in patients with advanced cervical cancer treated by radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 53: 353-9.
22. Xue F, Lin LL, Dehdashti F, Miller TR, Siegel BA, Grigsby PW. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in primary cervical cancer as an indicator of prognosis after radiation therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2006, 101: 147-51.
23. DiSaia PJ. Creasman WT. Clinical gynecologic oncology. 6th ed. St. Louis. MO: Saunders; 2001.
24. 18F-FDG PET in patients with cervical cancer. J Nucl Med 2003; 44: 347-52.
25. Unger JB, Ivy JJ, Connor P, et al. Detection of recurrent cervical cancer by whole-body FDG PET scan in a symptomatic and symtomatic women. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 94: 212-6.
26. 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in carcinoma of the cervix: response and outcome. J Clin Oncol 2004: 22: 2167-71.
27. 18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 59: 1295-300.
28. Borst GR, Belderbos JS, Boellaard R, et al. Standardised FDG uptake: a prognostic factor for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 1533-41.
29. Downey RJ, Akhurst T, Gonen M, et al. Preoperative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography maximal standardized uptake value predicts survival after lung cancer resection. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 3255-60.
30. Eschmann SM, Friedel G, Paulsen F, et al. Is standardised (18)F-FDG uptake value an outcome predictor in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33: 263-9.
31. Kidd EA, Siegel BA, Dehdashti F, Grigsby PW. The standardized uptake value for F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose is a sensitive predictive biomarker for cervical cancer treatment response and survival. Cancer 2007; 110: 1738-44.
32. Brown RS, Goodman TM, Zasadny KR, Greenson JK, Wahl RL. Expression of hexokinase II and Glut-1 in untreated human breast cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2002; 29: 443-53.
33. Mendez LE, Manci N, Cantuaria G, et al. Expression of glucose transporter-1 in cervical cancer and its precursors. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 86: 138-43.
34. Airley R, Loncaster J, Davidson S, et al. Glucose transporter glut-1 expression correlates with tumor hypoxia and predicts metastasis survival in advanced carcinoma of the cervix. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7: 928-34.
35. 18F-FDG uptake in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is correlated with glucose transporter 1 expression. J Nucl Med 2004; 45: 22-9.
36. Tian M, Zhang H, Nakasone Y, Mogi K, & Endo K. Expression of Glut-1 and Glut-3 in untreated oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with FDG accumulation in a PET study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31: 5-12.
37. Thomlinson RH, Gray LH. The histological structure of some human lung cancers and the possible implications for radiotherapy. Br J Cancer 1955; 9: 539-49.
38. Heppner GH. Tumor heterogencity. Cancer Res 1984; 44: 2259-65.
39. Alexandrova R. Tumour heterogeneity. Exp Pathol Parasitol 2001: 4/6: 57-67.
40. Britten RA, Evans AJ, Allalunis-Turner MJ, Franko AJ, Pearcey RG. Intratumoral heterogeneity as a confounding factor in clonogenic assays for tumour radioresponsiveness. Radiother Oncol 1996; 39: 145-53.
41. Hockel M, Schlenger K, Aral B, Mitze M, Schaffer U, Vaupel P. Association between tumor hypoxia and malignant progression in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 4509-15.
42. Delorme S, Knopp MV. Non-invasive vascular imaging: assessing tumour vascularity. Eur Radiol 1998; 8: 517-27.
43. Pugachey A, Ruan S, Carlin S, et al. Dependence of FDG uptake on tumor microenvironment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62: 545-53.
44. Choi JY, Jang KT, Shim YM, et al. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and microvessel density in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: comparison with positron emission tomography. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13: 1054-62.
45. 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography investigations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 68: 515-21.
46. 18F-FDG distribution with regional expression of glucose transporters and hexokinase-II in experimental tumor. J Nucl Med 2005; 46: 675-82.
47. Bachtiary B, Boutros PC, Pintilie M, et al. Gene expression profiling in cervical cancer: an exploration of intratumor heterogeneity. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 5632-40.
48. Schwarz JK, Rader JS, Huettner PC, Watson MA, Grigsby PW. Molecular characterization of FDG-PET metabolic response in cervical cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69: S115.
49. Grigsby PW, Watson M, Powell MA, Zhang Z, Rader JS. Gene expression patterns in advance cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16: 562-7.
50. Grigsby PW, Malyapa RS, Higashikubo R, et al. Comparison of molecular markers of hypoxia and imaging with (60)Cu-ATSM in cancer of the uterine cervix. Mol Int aging Biol 2007; 9: 278-83.
51. Xue F, Lin LL, Dehdashti F, Miller TR, Siegel BA, Grigsby PW. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in primary cervical cancer as an indicator of prognosis after therapy. Gynecol. Oncol 2006: 101: 147-51.
52. 18F-FDG PET using a simple visual analysis of tumor characteristics in patients with cervical cancer. J Nucl Med 2003: 44: 192-7.
53. O'Sullivan F, Roy S, Eary J. A statistical measure of tissue heterogencity with application to 3D PET sarcoma data. Biostatistics 2003; 4: 433-48.
54. Kidd EA. El Naqa IM, Deasy JO, Grigsby PW. FDG metabolic heterogeneity of cervical cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69: S115-16.
55. O'Sullivan F, Roy S, O'Sullivan J, Vernon C, Eary J. Incorporation of tumor shape into an assessment of spatial heterogeneity for human sarcomas imaged with FDG-PET. Biostatistics 2005; 6: 293-301.
56. Walenta S, Wetterling M, Lehrke M, et al. High lactate levels predict likelihood of metastases, tumor recurrence, and restricted patient survival in human cervical cancers. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 916-21.
57. Walenta S, Snyder S, Haroon ZA, et al. Tissue gradients of energy metabolites mirror oxygen tension gradients in a rat mammary carcinoma model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 51: 840-8.
58. Brizel DM, Schroeder T. Scher RL, et al. Elevated tumor lactate concentrations predict for an increased risk of metastases In head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radial Oncol Biol Plays 2001; 51: 349-53.
59. Quennet V, Yaromina A, Zips D, et al. Tumor lactate content predicts for response to fractionated irradiation of human squamous cell carcinomas in nude mice. Radiother Oncol 2006; 81: 130-5.
60. 18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 2245-52.
61. 18F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2006: 47: 1921-6.
62. Gerlee P. Anderson AR. An evolutionary hybrid cellular automaton model of solid tumour growth. J Theor Biol 2007: 246: 583-603.
63. Perez CA, Grigsby PW, Chao KS, Mutch DG, Lockett MA. Tumor size, irradiation dose, and long-term outcome of carcinoma of uterine cervix. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 41: 307-17.
64. Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, et al. [(18)F]FDG PET monitoring of tumour response to chemotherapy: does [(18)F]FDG uptake correlate with the viable tumour cell fraction? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003; 30: 682-8.
65. Schelling M, Avril N, Nahrig J, et al. Positron emission tomography using [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose for monitoring primary chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 689-95.
66. 18)F]-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose to predict the pathologic response of breast cancer to primary chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 1676-88.
67. Weber WA, Ott K, Becker K, et al. Prediction of response to preoperative chemotherapy in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction by metabolic imaging. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 3058-65.
68. Ott K, Fink U, Becker K, et al. Prediction of response to preoperative chemotherapy in gastric carcinoma by metabolic imaging: results of a prospective trial. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 4604-10.
69. Weber WA, Petersen V, Schmidt B, et al. Positron emission tomography an non-small-cell lung cancer: prediction of response to chemotherapy by quantitative assessment of glucose use. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 2651-7.
70. Brun E, Kjellen E, Tennvall J, et al. FDG PET studies during treatment: prediction of therapy outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2002; 24: 127-35.
71. Kostakoglu L. Coleman M, Leonard JP. Kuji I, Zoe H, Goldsmith SJ. PET predicts prognosis after 1 cycle of chemotherapy in aggressive lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. J Nucl Med 2002; 43: 1018-27.
72. Juweid ME, Cheson BD. Positron-emission tomography and assessment of cancer therapy. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 496-507.
73. 18F]FDG-PET a valid alternative to conventional diagnostic methods? J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 414-9.
74. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for posttreatment evaluation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging. Blood 1999; 94: 429-33.
75. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for the evaluation of residual mediastinal Hodgkin disease. Blood 2001; 98: 2930-4.
76. Naumann R, Vaic A, Beuthien-Baumann B, et al. Prognostic value of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of post-treatment residual mass in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Heamatol 2001; 115: 793-800.
77. Cheson BD, Pfistner B, Juweid ME, et al. Revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 579-86.
78. Juweid ME, Stroobants S. Hoekstra OS, et al. Use of positron emission tomography for response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the Imaging Subcommittee of International Harmonization Project in Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 571-8.
79. MacManus MP, Hicks RJ, Matthews JP, et al. Positron emission tomography is superior to computed tomography scanning for response-assessment after radical radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 21: 1285-92.
80. MacManus MP, Hicks RJ, Matthews JP, Wirth A, Rischin D, Ball DL. Metabolic (FDG-PET) response after radical radiotherapy/ chemoradiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer correlates with patterns of failure. Lung Cancer 2005; 49: 95-108.
81. Greven KM, William 3rd DW, McGuirt Sr WF, et al. Serial positron emission tomography scans following radiation therapy of patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2001; 23: 942-6.
82. Porceddu SV, Jarmolowski E, Hicks RJ, et al. Utility of positron emission tomography for the detection of disease in residual neck nodes after (chemo)radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2005; 27: 175-81.
83. Yao M, Graham MM, Smith RB, et al. Value of FDG PET in assessment of treatment response and surveillance in head-and-neck cancer patients after intensity modulated radiation treatment: a preliminary report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60: 1410-8.
84. Hicks RJ, Mac Manus MP, Matthews JP, et al. Early FDG-PET imaging after radical radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: inflammatory changes in normal tissues correlate with tumor response and do not confound therapeutic response evaluation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004: 60: 412-8.
85. Sommers G, Grigsby PW, Perez CA, et al. Outcome of recurrent cervical carcinoma following definitive irradiation. Gynecol Oncol 1989; 35: 150-5.
86. Grigsby P, Vest M, Perez C. Recurrent carcinoma of the cervix exclusively in the para-aortic nodes following radiation therapy. In: J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994; 28: 451-5.
87. Eifel PJ, Winter K, Morris M, et al. Pelvic irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy versus pelvic and para-aortic irradiation for high-risk cervical cancer: an update of radiation therapy oncology group trial (RTOG) 90-01. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 872-80.
88. Schwarz JK, Siegel BA, Dehdashti F, Grigsby PW. Association of post-therapy positron emission tomography with tumor response and survival in cervical carcinoma. JAMA 2007; 298: 2289-95.