Energetic electron distributions fitted with a relativistic kappa-type function at geosynchronous orbit

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 113, Issue 5, 2008, Pages

  Xiao, Fuliang ^a   Shen, Chenglong ^b   Wang, Yuming ^b   Zheng, Huinan ^b   Wang, Shui ^b  

^a CHANGSHA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 48249127623     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JA012903     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Baker, D. N. (2002), How to cope with space weather, Science, 297, 1486.
2. Barker, A. B., X. Li, and R. S. Selesnick (2005), Modeling the radiation belt electrons with radial diffusion driven by the solar wind, Space Weather, 3, S10003, doi:10.1029/2004SW000118.
3. Belian, R. D., G. R. Gisler, T. Cayton, and R. Christensen (1992), High-z energetic particles at geosynchronous orbit during the great solar proton event series of October 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 97(A11), 16,897-16,906.
4. Burin des Roziers, E., and X. Li (2006), Specification of >2 MeV geosynchronous electrons based on solar wind measurements, Space Weather, 4, S06007, doi:10.1029/2005SW000177.
5. Callis, L. B., M. Natarajan, D. S. Evans, and J. D. Lambeth (1998), Solar atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE): 1. Effects of the May 12, 1997 solar event on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D21), 28,405-28,419.
6. Christon, S. P., D. G. Mitchell, D. J. Williams, L. A. Frank, and H. C. Y. Eastman (1988), Energy spectra of plasmasheet ions and electrons from 50 ev/e to 1 mev during plasma temperature transitions, J. Geophys. Res., 93(A4), 2562-2572.
7. Dasso, S., F. T. Gratton, and C. J. Farrugia (2003), A parametric study of the influence of ion and electron properties on the excitation of electro-magnetic ion cyclotron waves in coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A4), 1149, doi:10.1029/2002JA009558.
8. Freeman, J. W., T. P. O'Brien, A. A. Chan, and R. A. Wolf (1998), Energetic electrons at geostationary orbit during the November 3-4 storm: Spatial/temporal morphology, characterization by a power law and, representation by an artificial neutral network, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A11), 26,251-26,260.
9. Gannon, J. L., X. Li, and D. Heynderickx (2007), Pitch angle distribution analysis of radiation belt electrons based on combined release and radiation effects satellite medium electrons a data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05212, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011565.
10. Gary, S. P., and J. Wang (1996), Whistler instability: Electron anisotropy upper bound, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A5), 10,749-10,754.
11. Gary, S. P., D. Winske, and M. Hesse (2000), Electron temperature anisotropy instabilities: Computer simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 105(A5), 10,751-10,759.
12. Gary, S. P., B. Lavraud, M. F. Thomsen, B. Lefebvre, and S. J. Schwartz (2005), Electron anisotropy constraint in the magnetosheath: Cluster observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13109, doi:10.1029/2005GL023234.
13. Gendrin, R. (2001), The role of wave particle interactions in radiation belts modeling, in Sun-Earth Connection and Space Weather, vol. 75, p. 151, It. Phys. Soc., Bologna.
14. Gladd, N. T. (1983), The whistler instability at relativistic energies, Phys. Fluids, 26, 974.
15. Home, R. B. (2002), The contribution of wave-particle interactions to electron loss and acceleration in the Earths radiation belts during geomagnetic storms, in Review of Radio Science 1999-2002, vol. 33, p. 801, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
16. Home, R. B., S. A. Glauert, and R. M. Thome (2003a), Resonant diffusion of radiation belt electrons by whistler mode chorus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), 1493, doi:10.1029/2003GL016963.
17. Home, R. B., R. M. Thorne, N. P. Meredith, and R. R. Anderson (2003b), Diffuse auroral electron scattering by electron cyclotron harmonic and whistler mode waves during an isolated substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1290, doi:10.1029/2002JA009736.
18. Home, R. B., R. M. Thorne, S. A. Glauert, J. M. Albert, N. P. Meredith, and R. R. Anderson (2005a), Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A03225, doi:10.1029/2004JA010811.
19. Home, R. B., et al. (2005b), Wave acceleration of electrons in the van Allen radiation belts, Nature, 437, 227.
20. Li, X. (2004), Variations of 0.7-6.0 MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit as a function of solar wind, Space Weather, 2, S03006, doi: 10.1029/2003SW000017.
21. Li, X., and M. A. Temerin (2001), The electron radiation belt, Space Sci. Rev., 95, 569.
22. Li, X., et al. (1997), Multisatellite observations of the outer zone electron variation during the November 3-4, 1993, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 102(A7), 14,123-14,140.
23. Li, X., et al. (1999), Rapid enhancements of relativistic electrons deep in the magnetosphere during the may 15, 1997 magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A3), 4467-4476.
24. Li, X., M. Temerin, D. N. Baker, G. D. Reeves, and D. Larson (2001), Quantitative prediction of radiation belt electrons at geostationary orbit based on solar wind measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(9), 1887-1890.
25. Li, L., J. Cao, and G. Zhou (2005a), Combined acceleration of electrons by whistler-mode and compressional ULF turbulences near the geosynchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A03203, doi:10.1029/2004JA010628.
26. Li, X., D. N. Baker, M. Temerin, G. D. Reeves, R. Friedel, and C. Shen (2005b), Energetic electrons, 50 keV-6 MeV, at geosynchronous orbit: Their responses to solar wind variations, Space Weather, 3, S04001, doi:10.1029/2004SW000105.
27. Lubchich, A. A., A. G. Yahnin, E. E. Titova, A. G. Demekhov, V. Y. Trakhtengerts, J. Manninen, and T. Turunen (2006), Longitudinal drift of substorm electrons as the reason of impulsive precipitation events and VLF emissions, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2667.
28. Ma, C., and D. Summers (1998), Formation of power-law energy spectra in space plasmas by stochastic acceleration due to whistler-mode waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(21), 4099-4102.
29. Maksimovic, M., V. Pierrard, and J. F. Lemaire (1997a), A kinetic model of the solar wind with kappa distribution functions in the corona, Astron. Astrophys., 324, 725.
30. Maksimovic, M., V. Pierrard, and P. Riley (1997b), Ulysses electron distributions fitted with kappa functions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(9), 1151-1154.
31. Marquardt, D. W. (1963), An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters, J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math., 11, 431.
32. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Home, R. H. A. Iles, R. M. Thome, R. R. Anderson, and D. Heynderickx (2002), Outer zone relativistic electron acceleration associated with substorm enhanced whistler mode chorus, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A7), 1144, doi:10.1029/2001JA900146.
33. Meredith, N. P., M. Cain, R. B. Home, R. M. Thome, D. Summers, and R. R. Anderson (2003a), Evidence for chorus driven electron acceleration to relativistic energies from a survey of geomagnetically disturbed periods, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A6), 1248, doi:10.1029/2002JA009764.
34. Meredith, N. P., R. M. Thome, R. B. Home, D. Summers, B. J. Fraser, and R. R. Anderson (2003b), Statistical analysis of relativistic electron energies for cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves observed on CRRES, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A6), 1250, doi:10.1029/2002JA009700.
35. Reames, D. V., L. M. Barbier, T. T. von Rosenvinge, G. M. Mason, J. E. Mazur, and J. R. Dwyer (1997), Energy spectra of ions accelerated in impulsive and gradual solar events, Astrophys. J., 483, 515.
36. Reeves, G. D., et al. (1998), The relativistic electron response at geosynchronous orbit during the January 1997 magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A8), 17,559-17,570.
37. Reeves, G. D., K. L. McAdams, R. H. W. Friedel, and T. P. O'Brien (2003), Acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(10), 1529, doi:10.1029/2002GL016513.
38. Roth, I., M. Temerin, and M. K. Hudson (1999), Resonant enhancement of relativistic electron fluxes during geomagnetically active periods, Ann. Geophys., 17, 631.
39. Saito, S., F. R. E. Fome, S. C. Buchen, S. Nozawa, and R. Fujii (2000), Effects of kappa distribution electrons on incoherent scatter spectra, Ann. Geophys., 18, 1054.
40. Sarris, T. X. Li, and M. Temerin (2006), Simulating radial diffusion of energetic (MeV) electrons through a model of fluctuating electric and magnetic fields, Ann. Geophys., 24, 1.
41. Schlickeiser, R., H. Fichtner, and M. Kneller (1997), Revised landau damping rates of mahnetohydrodynamic waves in hot magnetized equilibrium plasmas and its consequences for cosmic ray transport in the interplanetary medium, J. Geophys. Res., 102(A3), 4725-4739.
42. Schulz, M., and L. J. Lanzerotti (1974), Particle diffusion in the radiation belts, in Physics and Chemistry in Space, vol. 7, Springer-Verlag, New York.
43. Summers, D., and C. Ma (2000), A model for generating relativistic electrons in the Earth's inner magnetosphere based on gyroresonant waveparticle interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 105(A2), 2625-2639.
44. Summers, D., and R. M. Thome (2003), Relativistic electron pitch-angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A4), 1143, doi:10.1029/2002JA009489.
45. Summers, D., R. M. Thome, and F. Xiao (1998), Relativistic theory of wave-particle resonant diffusion with application to electron acceleration in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A9), 20,487-20,500.
46. Summers, D., R. M. Thome, and F. Xiao (2001), Gyroresonant acceleration of electrons in the magnetosphere by superluminous electromagnetic waves, J. Geophys. Res., 106(A6), 10,853-10,868.
47. Summers, D., C. Ma, N. P. Meredith, R. B. Home, R. M. Thome, and R. R. Anderson (2004), Modeling outer-zone relativistic electron response to whistler mode chorus activity during substorms, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 133.
48. Summers, D., B. Ni, and N. P. Meredith (2007a), Timescales for radiation belt electron acceleration and loss due to resonant wave-particle interactions: 1. Theory, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A04206, doi:10.1029/2006JA011801.
49. Summers, D., B. Ni, and N. P. Meredith (2007b), Timescales for radiation belt electron acceleration and loss due to resonant wave-particle interactions: 2. Evaluation for vlf chorus, elf hiss, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A04207, doi:10.1029/2006JA011993.
50. Thome, R. M. (1977), Energetic radiation belt electron precipitation: A natural depletion mechanism for stratospheric ozone, Science, 195, 287.
51. Thorne, R. M., R. B. Home, S. A. Glauert, N. P. Meredith, Y. Shprits, D. Summers, and R. R. Anderson (2005a), The influence of wave-particle interactions on relativistic electron dynamics during storms, in Inner Magnetosphere Interactions: New Perspectives From Imaging, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 159, p. 101, AGU, Washington, D.C.
52. Thorne, R. M., T. P. O'Brien, Y. Y. Shprits, D. Summers, and R. B. Home (2005b), Timescale for MeV electron microburst loss during geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09202, doi:10.1029/2004JA010882.
53. Vasyliunas, V. M. (1968), A survey of low-energy electrons in the evening sector of the magnetosphere with ogo 1 and ogo 3, J. Geophys. Res., 73(9), 2839-2884.
54. Viñas, A. F., R. L. Mace, and R. F. Benson (2005), Dispersion characteristics for plasma resonances of Maxwellian and kappa distribution plasmas and their comparisons to the image/rpi observations, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A06202, doi:10.1029/2004JA010967.
55. Xiao, F. (2006), Modelling energetic particles by a relativistic kappa loss cone distribution function in plasmas, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 48, 203.
56. Xiao, F., R. M. Thome, and D. Summers (1998), Instability of electromagnetic r-mode waves in a relativistic plasma, Phys. Plasmas, 5, 2489.
57. Xiao, F., Q. H. Zhou, H. Y. He, H. N. Zheng, and S. Wang (2006a), Relativistic diffusion coefficients for superluminous (auroral kilometric radiation) wave modes in space plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11201, doi:10.1029/2006JA011865.
58. Xiao, F., Q. H. Zhou, H. N. Zheng, and S. Wang (2006b), Whistler instability threshold condition of energetic electrons by kappa distribution in space plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A08208, doi:10.1029/2006JA011612.
59. Xiao, F., Q. H. Zhou, H. Y. He, and L. J. Tang (2006c), Instability of whistler-mode waves by a relativistic kappa-loss-cone distribution in space plasmas, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 48, 1437.
60. Xiao, F., R. M. Thome, and D. summers (2007a), Higher-order gyroresonant acceleration of electrons by superluminous (AKR) wave-modes, Planet. Space Sci., 55, 1257.
61. Xiao, F., Q. H. Zhou, H. Y. He, H. N. Zheng, and S. Wang (2007b), Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves instability threshold condition of suprathermal protons by kappa distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A07219, doi:10.1029/2006JA012050.
62. Xue, S., R. M. Thome, and D. Summers (1993), Electromagnetic ioncyclotron instability in space plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 98(A10), 17,475-17,484.
63. Zong, Q.-G., et al. (2007), Ultralow frequency modulation of energetic particles in the dayside magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12105, doi:10.1029/2007GL029915.