Timescales for radiation belt electron acceleration and loss due to resonant wave-particle interactions: 1. Theory

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 112, Issue 4, 2007, Pages

  Summers, Danny ^a   Ni, Binbin ^a   Meredith, Nige P ^b  

^a MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

^b BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34250219906     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JA011801     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Albert, J. M. (2003), Evaluation of quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for EMIC waves in a multispecies plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A6), 1249, doi: 10.1029/2002JA009792.
2. Baker, D. N. (2001), Satellite anomalies due to space storms, in Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards, edited by I. A. Daglis, p. 251, Springer, New York.
3. Baker, D. N. (2002), How to cope with space weather, Science, 297(5586), 1486.
4. Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, R. W. Klebesadel, and P. R. Higbie (1986), Highly relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer magnetosphere: 1. Lifetimes and temporal history 1979-1984, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4265.
5. Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, L. B. Callis, J. R. Cummings, D. Hovestadt, S. G. Kanekal, B. Blecker, R. A. Mewaldt, and R. D. Zwickl (1994), Relativistic electron acceleration and decay timescales in the inner and outer radiation belts: SAMPEX, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 409.
6. Baker, D. N., et al. (1997), Recurrent geomagnetic storms and relativistic electron enhancements in the outer magnetosphere: ISTP coordinated measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14, 141.
7. Baker, D. N., J. H. Allen, S. G. Kanekal, and G. D. Reeves (1998), Disturbed space environment may have been related to pager satellite failure, Eos Trans. AGU, 79, 477.
8. Callis, L. B., M. Natarajan, J. D. Lambeth, and D. N. Baker (1998), Solar atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE): 2. Calculated stratospheric effects of precipitating electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28,421.
9. Elkington, S. R., M. K. Hudson, and A. A. Chan (2003), Resonant acceleration and diffusion of outer zone electrons in an asymmetric geomagnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A3), 1116, doi: 10.1029/2001JA009202.
10. Friedel, R. H. W., G. D. Reeves, and T. Obara (2002), Relativistic electron dynamics in the inner magnetosphere - A review, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 64, 265.
11. Gendrin, R. (1965), Gyroresonance radiation produced by proton and electron beams in different regions of the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 5369.
12. Gendrin, R. (2001), The role of wave particle interactions in radiation belts modeling, in Sun-Earth Connection and Space Weather, vol. 75, edited by M. Candidi, M. Storini, and U. Villante, p. 151, It. Phys. Soc., Bologna.
13. Gintsburg, M. A. (1962), Anomalous Doppler effect in a plasma, Soviet Phys. JETP, 14(3), 542.
14. Green, J. C., and M. G. Kivelson (2004), Relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt: Differentiating between acceleration mechanisms, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A03213, doi:10.1029/2003JA010153.
15. Green, J. C., T. P. O'Brien, T. G. Onsager, B. J. Fraser, H. J. Singer, S. G. Kanekal, D. N. Baker, and R. F. Friedel (2005), A review of the processes which deplete radiation belt electron flux, paper presented at Workshop on Energetic Electron Radiation Belt Dynamics, Hermanus Magn. Obs., Hermanus, South Africa.
16. Hamlin, D. A., R. Karplus, R. C. Vik, and K. M. Watson (1961), Mirror and azimuthal drift frequencies for geomagnetically trapped particles, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1.
17. Horne, R. B. (2002), The contribution of wave-particle interactions to electron loss and acceleration in the Earth's radiation belts during geomagnetic storms, in Review of Radio Science 1999-2002, edited by W. R. Stone, chap. 33, pp. 801-828, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
18. Horne, R. B., and R. M. Thorne (2003), Relativistic electron acceleration and precipitation during resonant interactions with whistler-mode chorus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(10), 1527, doi:10.1029/2003GL016973.
19. Horne, R. B., R. M. Thorne, S. A. Glauert, J. M. Albert, N. P. Meredith, and R. R. Anderson (2005a), Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A03225, doi:10.1029/2004JA010811.
20. Horne, R. B., et al. (2005b), Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts, Nature, 437, 227, doi:10.1038/nature03939.
21. Hudson, M. K., S. R. Elkington, J. G. Lyon, M. J. Wiltberger, and M. Lessard (2001), Radiation belt electron acceleration by ULF wave drift resonance: Simulation of 1997 and 1998 storms, in Space Weather, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 125, edited by P. Song, H. J. Singer, and G. L. Siscoe, p. 289, AGU, Washington, D. C.
22. Iles, R. H. A., N. P. Meredith, A. N. Fazakerley, and R. B. Horne (2006), Phase space density analysis of the outer radiation belt energetic electron dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A03204, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011206.
23. Lastovicka, J. ( 1996), Effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, middle atmosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 831.
24. Li, X., and M. A. Temerin (2001), The electron radiation belt, Space Sci. Rev., 95, 569.
25. Li, X., D. N. Baker, M. A. Temerin, T. E. Cayton, E. G. D. Reeves, R. A. Christensen, J. B. Blake, M. D. Looper, R. Nakamura, and S. G. Kanekal (1997), Multi-satellite observations of the outer zone electron variation during the November 3-4, 1993, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14,123.
26. Lyons, L. R. (1974), Electron diffusion driven by magnetospheric electrostatic waves, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 575.
27. Lyons, L. R., R. M. Thorne, and C. F. Kennel (1972), Pitch-angle diffusion of radiation belt electrons within the plasmasphere, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 3455.
28. Melrose, D. B. (1980), Plasma Astrophysics, vol. 2, Nonthermal Processes in Diffuse Magnetized Plasmas, Gordon and Breach, New York.
29. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Horne, S. A. Glauert, R. M. Thorne, D. Summers, J. M. Albert, and R. R. Anderson (2006), Energetic outer zone electron loss timescales during low geomagnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05212, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011516.
30. Miyoshi, Y., and R. Kataoka (2005), Ring current ions and radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms driven by coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions, Geophvs. Res. Lett., 32, L21105, doi:10.1029/2005GL024590.
31. Miyoshi, Y., A. Morioka, T. Obara, H. Misawa, T. Nagai, and Y. Kasahara (2003), Rebuilding process of the outer radiation belt during the 3 November 1993 magnetic storm: NOAA and Exos-D observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A1), 1004, doi:10.1029/2001JA007542.
32. Miyoshi, Y., V. K. Jordanova, A. Morioka, and D. S. Evans (2004), Solar cycle variations of the electron radiation belts: Observations and radial diffusion simulation, Space Weather, 2, S10S02, doi:10.1029/ 2004SW000070.
33. Obara, T., M. Den, Y. Miyoshi, and A. Morioka (2000), Energetic electron variation in the outer radiation zone during the early May 1998 magnetic storm, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62, 1405.
34. O'Brien, T. P., K. R. Lorentzen, I. R. Mann, N. P. Meredith, J. B. Blake, J. F. Fennell, M. D. Looper, D. K. Milling, and R. R. Anderson (2003), Energization of relativistic electrons in the presence of ULF power and MeV microbursts: Evidence for dual ULF and VLF acceleration, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A8), 1329, doi:10.1029/2002JA009784.
35. Paulikas, G. A., and J. B. Blake (1979), Effects of the solar wind on magnetospheric dynamics: Energetic electrons at synchronous orbit, in Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 21, edited by W. P. Olsen, p. 180, Washington D. C.
36. Reeves, G. D., R. H. W. Friedel, R. D. Belian, M. M. Meiet, M. G. Henderson, T. Onsager, H. J. Singer, D. N. Baker, X. Li, and J. B. Blake (1998), The relativistic electron response at geosynchronous orbit during the January 1997 magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,559.
37. Roberts, C. S. (1969), Pitch-angle diffusion of electrons in the magnetosphere, Rev. Geophys., 7, 305.
38. Roth, I., M. Temerin, and M. K. Hudson (1999), Resonant enhancement of relativistic electron fluxes during geomagnetically active periods, Ann. Geophys., 17, 631.
39. Sheeley, B. W., M. B. Moldwin, H. K. Rassoul, and R. R. Anderson (2001), An empirical plasmasphere and trough density model: CRRES observations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 25,631.
40. Shprits, Y. Y., and R. M. Thorne (2004), Time dependent radial diffusion modeling of relativistic electrons with realistic loss rates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L08805, doi:10.1029/2004GL019591.
41. Shprits, Y. Y., R. M. Thorne, R. B. Horne, S. A. Glauert, M. Cartwright, C. T. Russell, D. N. Baker, and S. G. Kanekal (2006a), Acceleration mechanism responsible for the formation of the new radiation belt during the 2003 Halloween solar storm, Geophvs. Res. Lett., 33, L05104, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024256.
42. Shprits, Y. Y., R. M. Thorne, R. B. Horne, and D. Summers (2006b), Bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients for field-aligned chorus waves, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10225, doi:10.1029/2006JA011725.
43. Stix, T. H. (1992), Waves in Plasmas, Am. Inst. of Phys., New York.
44. Summers, D. (2005), Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for field-aligned electromagnetic waves with applications to the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A08213, doi:10.1029/2005JA011159.
45. Summers, D., and C. Ma (2000), A model for generating relativistic electrons in the Earth's inner magnetosphere based on gyroresonant wave particle interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2625.
46. Summers, D., and R. M. Thorne (2003), Relativistic electron pitch angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A4), 1143, doi:10.1029/2002JA009489.
47. Summers, D., R. M. Thorne, and F. Xiao (1998), Relativistic theory of wave-particle resonant diffusion with application to electron acceleration in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20,487.
48. Summers, D., C. Ma, N. P. Meredith, R. B. Horne, R. M. Thorne, D. Heynderickx, and R. R. Anderson (2002), Model of the energization of outer-zone electrons by whistler-mode chorus during the October 9, 1990 geomagnetic storm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(4), 2174, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL016039.
49. Summers, D., C. Ma, and T. Mukai (2004a), Competition between acceleration and loss mechanisms of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A04221, doi:10.1029/2004JA010437.
50. Summers, D., C. Ma, N. P. Meredith, R. B. Horne, R. M. Thorne, and R. R. Anderson (2004b), Modeling outer-zone relativistic electron response to whistler-mode chorus activity during substorms, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 133.
51. Summers, D., R. L. Mace, and M. A. Hellberg (2005), Pitch-angle scattering rates in planetary magnetospheres, J. Plasma Phys., 71(3), 237.
52. Summers, D., B. Ni, and N. P. Meredith (2007), Timescales for radiation belt electron acceleration and loss due to resonant wave-particle interactions: 2. Evaluation for VLF chorus, ELF hiss, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A04207, doi:10.1029/ 2006JA011993.
53. Thorne, R. M., R. B. Horne, S. A. Glauert, N. P. Meredith, Y. Shprits, D. Summers, and R. R. Anderson (2005a), The influence of wave-particle interactions on relativistic electron dynamics during storms, in Inner Magnetosphere Interactions: New Perspectives From Imaging, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 159, edited by J. Burch, M. Schulz, and H. Spence, p. 101, AGU, Washington, D. C.
54. Thorne, R. M., T. P. O'Brien, Y. Y. Shprits, D. Summers, and R. B. Horne (2005b), Timescale for MeV electron microburst loss during geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09202, doi:10.1029/2004JA010882.
55. Varotsou, A., D. Boscher, S. Bourdarie, R. B. Horne, S. A. Glauert, and N. P. Meredith (2005), Simulation of the outer radiation belt electrons near geosynchronous orbit including both radial diffusion and resonant interaction with whistler-mode chorus waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19106, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023282.