메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 14, 2008, Pages 3739-3761

A Monte Carlo study of absorbed dose distributions in both the vapor and liquid phases of water by intermediate energy electrons based on different condensed-history transport schemes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMS; CODES (STANDARDS); CODES (SYMBOLS); ELECTRONS; FLOW INTERACTIONS; HEALTH; HISTORY; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; LIQUID PHASE EPITAXY; MONTE CARLO METHODS; VAPORS;

EID: 47649097172     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/14/003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (105)
  • 2
    • 0022012447 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of various Monte Carlo schemes for simulation of low-energy electron transport in matter
    • Akkerman A F and Gibrekhterman A L 1985 Comparison of various Monte Carlo schemes for simulation of low-energy electron transport in matter Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 6 496-503
    • (1985) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 496-503
    • Akkerman, A.F.1    Gibrekhterman, A.L.2
  • 3
    • 47649102216 scopus 로고
    • Andreo P 1980 Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in water. Absorbed dose and fluence distributions Report FANZ/80/83 (Zaragoza, Spain: Dept of Nuclear Physics, University of Zaragoza)
    • (1980) Report FANZ/80/83
    • Andreo, P.1
  • 4
    • 47649086760 scopus 로고
    • Andreo P 1981 Application of the Monte Carlo method to the penetration and dosimetry of electron beams PhD Thesis University of Zaragoza, Spain
    • (1981) PhD Thesis
    • Andreo, P.1
  • 5
    • 0000449713 scopus 로고
    • Depth-dose and stopping-power data for mono-energetic electron beams
    • Andreo P 1990 Depth-dose and stopping-power data for mono-energetic electron beams Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 51 107-21
    • (1990) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-121
    • Andreo, P.1
  • 6
    • 0021716880 scopus 로고
    • Restricted energy-loss straggling and multiple scattering of electrons in mixed Monte Carlo procedures
    • Andreo P and Brahme A 1984 Restricted energy-loss straggling and multiple scattering of electrons in mixed Monte Carlo procedures Radiat. Res. 100 16-29
    • (1984) Radiat. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-29
    • Andreo, P.1    Brahme, A.2
  • 7
    • 36148966570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron and positron elastic scattering in gaseous and liquid water: A comparative study
    • Aouchiche H, Champion C and Oubaziz D 2008 Electron and positron elastic scattering in gaseous and liquid water: a comparative study Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77 107-14
    • (2008) Radiat. Phys. Chem. , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-114
    • Aouchiche, H.1    Champion, C.2    Oubaziz, D.3
  • 10
    • 58149210333 scopus 로고
    • PENELOPE: An algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of the penetration and energy loss of electrons and positrons in matter
    • Baró J, Sempau J, Fernández-Varea J M and Salvat F 1995 PENELOPE: an algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of the penetration and energy loss of electrons and positrons in matter Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 100 31-46
    • (1995) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-46
    • Baró, J.1    Sempau, J.2    Fernández-Varea, J.M.3    Salvat, F.4
  • 11
    • 0000762173 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged particles
    • Berger M J 1963 Monte Carlo calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged particles Methods in Computational Physics vol 1 ed B Alder, S Fernbach and M Rotenberg (New York: Academic) pp 135-215
    • (1963) Methods in Computational Physics , vol.1 , pp. 135-215
    • Berger, M.J.1
  • 13
    • 0015023897 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of absorbed dose around point sources of electrons and beta particles in water and other media (MIRD pamphlet no 7)
    • Berger M J 1971 Distribution of absorbed dose around point sources of electrons and beta particles in water and other media (MIRD pamphlet no 7) J. Nucl. Med. 12 (Suppl. 5) 5-24
    • (1971) J. Nucl. Med. , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 5-24
    • Berger, M.J.1
  • 14
    • 47649091755 scopus 로고
    • Berger M J 1973 Improved point kernels for electrons and beta ray dosimetry Report NBSIR-73-107 (Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards)
    • (1973) Report NBSIR-73-107
    • Berger, M.J.1
  • 15
    • 0032171452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applicability of the condensed-random-walk Monte Carlo method at low energies in high-Z materials
    • Berger M J 1998 Applicability of the condensed-random-walk Monte Carlo method at low energies in high-Z materials Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53 191-203
    • (1998) Radiat. Phys. Chem. , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-203
    • Berger, M.J.1
  • 16
    • 47649106796 scopus 로고
    • Berger M J and Seltzer S M 1968 ETRAN Monte Carlo code system for electron and photon transport through extended media Report CCC-107 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratories)
    • (1968) Report CCC-107
    • Berger, M.J.1    Seltzer, S.M.2
  • 17
    • 0003989190 scopus 로고
    • Berger M J and Seltzer S M 1982 Tables of energy deposition distributions in water phantoms irradiated by point-monodirectional electron beams with energies from 1 to 60 MeV, and applications to broad beams Report NBSIR-82-2451 (Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards)
    • (1982) Report NBSIR-82-2451
    • Berger, M.J.1    Seltzer, S.M.2
  • 18
    • 0023138959 scopus 로고
    • PRESTA: The parameter reduced electron-step transport algorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport
    • Bielajew A F and Rogers D W O 1987 PRESTA: The parameter reduced electron-step transport algorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 18 165-81
    • (1987) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.18 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 165-181
    • Bielajew, A.F.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 19
    • 27644536926 scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo calculation on the scattering of electrons in copper
    • Bishop H E 1965 A Monte Carlo calculation on the scattering of electrons in copper Proc. Phys. Soc. London 85 855-66
    • (1965) Proc. Phys. Soc. London , vol.85 , Issue.5 , pp. 855-866
    • Bishop, H.E.1
  • 20
    • 0006999139 scopus 로고
    • Briesmeister J F 1993 MCNP-a general Monte Carlo N-particle transport code-version 4A Report LA-12625-M (Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory)
    • (1993) Report LA-12625-M
    • Briesmeister, J.F.1
  • 21
    • 33645966307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Briesmeister J F (ed)
    • Briesmeister J F (ed) 2000 MCNP-a general Monte Carlo N-particle transport code-version 4C Report LA-13709-M (Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory)
    • (2000) Report LA-13709-M
  • 22
    • 1642308605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of GEANT4, an object-oriented Monte Carlo toolkit, for simulations in medical physics
    • Carrier J F, Archambault L and Beaulieu L 2004 Validation of GEANT4, an object-oriented Monte Carlo toolkit, for simulations in medical physics Med. Phys. 31 484-92
    • (2004) Med. Phys. , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 484-492
    • Carrier, J.F.1    Archambault, L.2    Beaulieu, L.3
  • 23
    • 47649087812 scopus 로고
    • Chibani O 1994 Simulation du transport de particules (photons, électrons et positrons)-Le systeme GEPTS PhD Thesis University of Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
    • (1994) PhD Thesis
    • Chibani, O.1
  • 24
    • 0028885097 scopus 로고
    • Electron dose distributions from point sources in water, aluminum, iron and lead
    • Chibani O 1995a Electron dose distributions from point sources in water, aluminum, iron and lead Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46 1317-31
    • (1995) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.46 , Issue.12 , pp. 1317-1331
    • Chibani, O.1
  • 25
    • 4243630005 scopus 로고
    • Electron depth dose distributions in water, iron and lead: The GEPTS system
    • Chibani O 1995b Electron depth dose distributions in water, iron and lead: the GEPTS system Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 101 357-78
    • (1995) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.101 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-378
    • Chibani, O.1
  • 26
    • 0036799366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy-loss straggling algorithms for Monte Carlo electron transport
    • Chibani O 2002 Energy-loss straggling algorithms for Monte Carlo electron transport Med. Phys. 29 2374-83
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 2374-2383
    • Chibani, O.1
  • 27
    • 0035999411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo dose calculations in homogeneous media and at interfaces: A comparison between GEPTS, EGSnrc, MCNP, and measurements
    • Chibani O and Li X A 2002 Monte Carlo dose calculations in homogeneous media and at interfaces: a comparison between GEPTS, EGSnrc, MCNP, and measurements Med. Phys. 29 835-47
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 835-847
    • Chibani, O.1    Li, X.A.2
  • 28
    • 33847639280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between an event-by-event Monte Carlo code, NOREC and ETRAN for electron scaled point kernels between 20 keV and 1 MeV
    • Cho S H, Vassiliev O N and Horton J L 2007 Comparison between an event-by-event Monte Carlo code, NOREC and ETRAN for electron scaled point kernels between 20 keV and 1 MeV Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 46 77-83
    • (2007) Radiat. Environ. Biophys. , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-83
    • Cho, S.H.1    Vassiliev, O.N.2    Horton, J.L.3
  • 29
    • 0344651019 scopus 로고
    • Ionization of air by beta rays from point sources
    • Clark R K, Brar S S and Marinelli L D 1955 Ionization of air by beta rays from point sources Radiol. 64 94-104
    • (1955) Radiol. , vol.64 , pp. 94-104
    • Clark, R.K.1    Brar, S.S.2    Marinelli, L.D.3
  • 30
    • 47649111231 scopus 로고
    • Colbert H M 1974 SANDYL, a computer program for calculating combined photon-electron transport in complex systems Report SLL-74-0012 (Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories)
    • (1974) Report SLL-74-0012
    • Colbert, H.M.1
  • 31
    • 0345696102 scopus 로고
    • Cross W G 1967a Tables of beta dose distributions Report AECL-2793 (Chalk River, ON: Atomic Energy of Canada)
    • (1967) Report AECL-2793
    • Cross, W.G.1
  • 32
    • 0000470273 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of absorbed energy from a point beta source
    • Cross W G 1967b The distribution of absorbed energy from a point beta source Can. J. Phys. 45 2021-40
    • (1967) Can. J. Phys. , vol.45 , pp. 2021-2040
    • Cross, W.G.1
  • 33
    • 0014340854 scopus 로고
    • Variation of beta dose attenuation in different media
    • Cross W G 1968 Variation of beta dose attenuation in different media Phys. Med. Biol. 13 611-8
    • (1968) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 611-618
    • Cross, W.G.1
  • 34
    • 0002974941 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of absorbed beta energy in solid media
    • Cross W G 1969 Distribution of absorbed beta energy in solid media Can. J. Phys. 47 75-83
    • (1969) Can. J. Phys. , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-83
    • Cross, W.G.1
  • 36
    • 0026087121 scopus 로고
    • Dose distributions for electrons and beta rays incident normally on water
    • Cross W G, Wong P Y and Freedman N O 1991 Dose distributions for electrons and beta rays incident normally on water Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 35 77-91
    • (1991) Radiat. Prot. Dosim. , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-91
    • Cross, W.G.1    Wong, P.Y.2    Freedman, N.O.3
  • 37
    • 0026785370 scopus 로고
    • Beta-ray dose distributions from point sources in an infinite water medium
    • Cross W G, Freedman N O and Wong P Y 1992 Beta-ray dose distributions from point sources in an infinite water medium Health Phys. 63 160-71
    • (1992) Health Phys. , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-171
    • Cross, W.G.1    Freedman, N.O.2    Wong, P.Y.3
  • 38
    • 0742320694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backscattering of low energy electrons from carbon films deposited on aluminum: A Monte Carlo simulation
    • Dapor M 2004 Backscattering of low energy electrons from carbon films deposited on aluminum: a Monte Carlo simulation J. Appl. Phys. 95 718-21
    • (2004) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 718-721
    • Dapor, M.1
  • 39
    • 33746865302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo simulation of low-medium energy electrons backscattered from C/Al double layer thin films
    • Dapor M 2006 Monte Carlo simulation of low-medium energy electrons backscattered from C/Al double layer thin films Surf. Interface Anal. 38 1198-203
    • (2006) Surf. Interface Anal. , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 1198-1203
    • Dapor, M.1
  • 40
    • 0026136672 scopus 로고
    • Thickness dependence of the characteristic X-ray yield and the Auger backscattering factor
    • El Gomati M M, Ross W C C and Matthew J A D 1991 Thickness dependence of the characteristic X-ray yield and the Auger backscattering factor Surf. Interface Anal. 17 183-9
    • (1991) Surf. Interface Anal. , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 183-189
    • El Gomati, M.M.1    Ross, W.C.C.2    Matthew, J.A.D.3
  • 41
    • 0033777632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo track structure code for electrons (∼10 eV-10 keV) and protons (∼0.3-10 MeV) in water: Partitioning of energy and collision
    • Emfietzoglou D, Papamichael G, Kostarelos K and Moscovitch M 2000 A Monte Carlo track structure code for electrons (∼10 eV-10 keV) and protons (∼0.3-10 MeV) in water: partitioning of energy and collision Phys. Med. Biol. 45 3171-94
    • (2000) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.45 , Issue.11 , pp. 3171-3194
    • Emfietzoglou, D.1    Papamichael, G.2    Kostarelos, K.3    Moscovitch, M.4
  • 42
    • 0036608676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inelastic collision characteristics of electrons in liquid water
    • Emfietzoglou D and Moscovitch M 2002 Inelastic collision characteristics of electrons in liquid water Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 193 71-8
    • (2002) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.193 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 71-78
    • Emfietzoglou, D.1    Moscovitch, M.2
  • 43
    • 0041975768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo simulation of the energy loss of low-energy electrons in liquid water
    • Emfietzoglou D, Karava K, Papamichael G and Moscovitch M 2003 Monte Carlo simulation of the energy loss of low-energy electrons in liquid water Phys. Med. Biol. 48 2355-71
    • (2003) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.48 , Issue.15 , pp. 2355-2371
    • Emfietzoglou, D.1    Karava, K.2    Papamichael, G.3    Moscovitch, M.4
  • 44
    • 22944435248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A complete dielectric response model for liquid water: A solution of the Bethe ridge problem
    • Emfietzoglou D, Cucinotta F A and Nikjoo H 2005 A complete dielectric response model for liquid water: a solution of the Bethe ridge problem Rad. Res. 164 202-11
    • (2005) Rad. Res. , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-211
    • Emfietzoglou, D.1    Cucinotta, F.A.2    Nikjoo, H.3
  • 45
    • 33846243359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate electron inelastic cross sections and stopping powers for liquid water over the 0.1-10 keV range based on an improved dielectric description of the Bethe surface
    • Emfietzoglou D and Nikjoo H 2007 Accurate electron inelastic cross sections and stopping powers for liquid water over the 0.1-10 keV range based on an improved dielectric description of the Bethe surface Radiat. Res. 167 110-20
    • (2007) Radiat. Res. , vol.167 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-120
    • Emfietzoglou, D.1    Nikjoo, H.2
  • 46
    • 0242626313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo simulation of the inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons using optical-data models
    • Fernández-Varea J M 1998 Monte Carlo simulation of the inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons using optical-data models Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53 235-45
    • (1998) Radiat. Phys. Chem. , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-245
    • Fernández-Varea, J.M.1
  • 47
    • 14044279245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A relativistic optical-model for inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons in condensed matter
    • Fernández-Varea J M, Salvat F, Dingselder M and Liljequist D 2005 A relativistic optical-model for inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons in condensed matter Nucl. Instrum. Methods. B 229 187-218
    • (2005) Nucl. Instrum. Methods. , vol.229 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-218
    • Fernández-Varea, J.M.1    Salvat, F.2    Dingselder, M.3    Liljequist, D.4
  • 49
    • 0010540472 scopus 로고
    • Transport of low energy electrons in nitrogen and air
    • Grosswendt B and Waibel E 1978 Transport of low energy electrons in nitrogen and air Nucl. Instrum. Methods 155 145-56
    • (1978) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.155 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 145-156
    • Grosswendt, B.1    Waibel, E.2
  • 50
    • 0042136826 scopus 로고
    • ACCEPT: A three-dimensional electron/photon Monte Carlo transport code using combinatorial geometry
    • Halbleib J A 1980 ACCEPT: a three-dimensional electron/photon Monte Carlo transport code using combinatorial geometry Nucl. Sci. Eng. 75 200-1
    • (1980) Nucl. Sci. Eng. , vol.75 , pp. 200-201
    • Halbleib, J.A.1
  • 51
    • 0001923896 scopus 로고
    • Structure and operation of the ITS code system
    • Halbleib J A 1988 Structure and operation of the ITS code system Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons ed T M Jenkins, W R Nelson, A Rindi, A E Nahum and D W O Rogers (New York: Plenum) pp 249-62
    • (1988) Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons , pp. 249-262
    • Halbleib, J.A.1
  • 52
    • 47649126950 scopus 로고
    • Halbleib J A and Kensek R P 1991 RSIC computer code collection: ITS 2.1 integrated TIGER series of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo system Report CCC-467 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
    • (1991) Report CCC-467
    • Halbleib, J.A.1    Kensek, R.P.2
  • 54
    • 0034612338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complete optical spectrum of liquid water measured by inelastic x-ray scattering
    • Hayashi H, Watanabe N, Udagawa Y and Kao C C 2000 The complete optical spectrum of liquid water measured by inelastic x-ray scattering Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 97 6264-6
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. , vol.97 , Issue.12 , pp. 6264-6266
    • Hayashi, H.1    Watanabe, N.2    Udagawa, Y.3    Kao, C.C.4
  • 57
    • 33645530911 scopus 로고
    • ICRU 1984 Stopping Powers for Electrons and Positrons ICRU Report 37 (Bethesda, MD: ICRU)
    • (1984) ICRU Report 37
    • Icru1
  • 58
    • 20444453981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross sections for electron collisions with water molecules
    • Itikawa Y and Mason N 2005 Cross sections for electron collisions with water molecules J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 34 1-22
    • (2005) J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-22
    • Itikawa, Y.1    Mason, N.2
  • 60
    • 0033002725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons between MCNP, EGS4 and experiment for clinical electron beams
    • Jeraj R, Keall P J and Ostwald P M 1999 Comparisons between MCNP, EGS4 and experiment for clinical electron beams Phys. Med. Biol. 44 705-17
    • (1999) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 705-717
    • Jeraj, R.1    Keall, P.J.2    Ostwald, P.M.3
  • 61
    • 33644674675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kawrakow I and Rogers D W O 2000 The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport Technical Report PIRS-701 (Ottawa, Canada: National Research Council of Canada)
    • (2000) Technical Report PIRS-701
    • Kawrakow, I.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 62
    • 0001494123 scopus 로고
    • Angular distribution of secondary electrons in the dipole approximation
    • Kim Y K 1972 Angular distribution of secondary electrons in the dipole approximation Phys. Rev. A 6 666-70
    • (1972) Phys. Rev. , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 666-670
    • Kim, Y.K.1
  • 63
    • 0016426193 scopus 로고
    • Energy distribution of secondary electrons I. Consistency of experimental data
    • Kim Y K 1975a Energy distribution of secondary electrons I. Consistency of experimental data Radiat. Res. 61 21-35
    • (1975) Radiat. Res. , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-35
    • Kim, Y.K.1
  • 64
    • 0016720764 scopus 로고
    • Energy distribution of secondary electrons II. Normalization and extrapolation of experimental data
    • Kim Y K 1975b Energy distribution of secondary electrons II. Normalization and extrapolation of experimental data Radiat. Res. 64 205-16
    • (1975) Radiat. Res. , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-216
    • Kim, Y.K.1
  • 65
    • 0040238059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of the binary-encounter-dipole model to relativistic incident electrons
    • Kim Y K, Santos J P and Parente F 2000 Extension of the binary-encounter-dipole model to relativistic incident electrons Phys. Rev. A 62 1-14
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 052710-14
    • Kim, Y.K.1    Santos, J.P.2    Parente, F.3
  • 66
    • 0001391206 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of absorbed energy around a point source of beta radiation
    • Loevinger R 1950 Distribution of absorbed energy around a point source of beta radiation Science 122 530-31
    • (1950) Science , vol.112 , Issue.2914 , pp. 530-531
    • Loevinger, R.1
  • 67
    • 0006352146 scopus 로고
    • The dosimetry of β radiations
    • Loevinger R 1954 The dosimetry of β radiations Radiol. 62 74-82
    • (1954) Radiol. , vol.62 , pp. 74-82
    • Loevinger, R.1
  • 68
    • 15744378096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of photon energy deposition kernels and electron dose point kernels in water
    • Mainegra-Hing E, Rogers D W O and Kawrakow I 2005 Calculation of photon energy deposition kernels and electron dose point kernels in water Med. Phys. 32 685-99
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 685-699
    • Mainegra-Hing, E.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2    Kawrakow, I.3
  • 69
    • 36149022251 scopus 로고
    • The Coulomb scattering of relativistic electrons by nuclei
    • McKinley W A and Feshbach H 1948 The Coulomb scattering of relativistic electrons by nuclei Phys. Rev. 74 1759-63
    • (1948) Phys. Rev. , vol.74 , Issue.12 , pp. 1759-1763
    • McKinley, W.A.1    Feshbach, H.2
  • 72
    • 84931540072 scopus 로고
    • Theorie der Streuung schneller gelandener Teilchen II: Mehrfach-und Vielfachstreuung
    • Molière G 1948 Theorie der Streuung schneller gelandener Teilchen II: Mehrfach-und Vielfachstreuung Z. Nat.forsch. A 3 78-97
    • (1948) Z. Nat.forsch. , vol.3 , pp. 78-97
    • Molière, G.1
  • 73
    • 0001386162 scopus 로고
    • The scattering of fast electrons by atomic nuclei
    • Mott N F 1929 The scattering of fast electrons by atomic nuclei Proc. R. Soc. A 124 425-42
    • (1929) Proc. R. Soc. , vol.124 , Issue.794 , pp. 425-442
    • Mott, N.F.1
  • 74
    • 0004698122 scopus 로고
    • Energy dissipation of electron beams in matter
    • Nakai Y 1963 Energy dissipation of electron beams in matter Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 2 743-56
    • (1963) Japan. J. Appl. Phys. , vol.2 , pp. 743-756
    • Nakai, Y.1
  • 75
    • 0345081790 scopus 로고
    • Energy dissipation of electron beams in matter: IV. Measurement of electron energy dissipation in polystyrene by using ionization chamber
    • Nakai Y, Matsuda K, Takagaki T and Kimura K 1965 Energy dissipation of electron beams in matter: IV. Measurement of electron energy dissipation in polystyrene by using ionization chamber Annu. Rep. Japan. Assoc. Radiat. Res. Polym. 6 7
    • (1965) Annu. Rep. Japan. Assoc. Radiat. Res. Polym. , vol.6 , pp. 7
    • Nakai, Y.1    Matsuda, K.2    Takagaki, T.3    Kimura, K.4
  • 76
    • 0032822016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Condensed-history Monte-Carlo simulation for charged particles: What can it do for us?
    • Nahum A E 1999 Condensed-history Monte-Carlo simulation for charged particles: what can it do for us? Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38 163-73
    • (1999) Radiat. Environ. Biophys. , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-173
    • Nahum, A.E.1
  • 77
    • 27644555934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of multiple-scattering angular distributions of electrons and positrons
    • Negreanu C, Llovet X, Chawla R and Salvat F 2005 Calculation of multiple-scattering angular distributions of electrons and positrons Radiat. Phys. Chem. 74 264-81
    • (2005) Radiat. Phys. Chem. , vol.74 , Issue.5 , pp. 264-281
    • Negreanu, C.1    Llovet, X.2    Chawla, R.3    Salvat, F.4
  • 81
    • 0024323126 scopus 로고
    • Beta dose point kernels for radionuclides of potential use in radioimmunotherapy
    • Prestwich W V, Nunes J and Kwok C S 1989 Beta dose point kernels for radionuclides of potential use in radioimmunotherapy J. Nucl. Med. 30 1036-46
    • (1989) J. Nucl. Med. , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 1036-1046
    • Prestwich, W.V.1    Nunes, J.2    Kwok, C.S.3
  • 82
    • 0021264167 scopus 로고
    • Fluence to dose equivalent conversion factors calculated with EGS3 for electrons from 100 keV to 20 GeV and photons form 11 keV to 20 GeV
    • Rogers D W O 1984 Fluence to dose equivalent conversion factors calculated with EGS3 for electrons from 100 keV to 20 GeV and photons form 11 keV to 20 GeV Health Phys. 46 891-914
    • (1984) Health Phys. , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 891-914
    • Rogers, D.W.O.1
  • 83
    • 33745501013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of Monte Carlo simulations for medical physics
    • Rogers D W O 2006 Fifty years of Monte Carlo simulations for medical physics Phys. Med. Biol. 51 R287-301
    • (2006) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.51 , Issue.13
    • Rogers, D.W.O.1
  • 84
    • 0022454266 scopus 로고
    • Differences in electron depth-dose curves calculated with EGS and ETRAN and improved energy-range relationships
    • Rogers D W O and Bielajew A F 1986 Differences in electron depth-dose curves calculated with EGS and ETRAN and improved energy-range relationships Med. Phys. 13 687-94
    • (1986) Med. Phys. , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 687-694
    • Rogers, D.W.O.1    Bielajew, A.F.2
  • 85
    • 0344867850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical aspects of Monte Carlo simulation of charged particle transport: Mixed algorithms and variance reduction techniques
    • Salvat F, Fernández-Varea J M, Sempau J and Mazurier J 1999 Practical aspects of Monte Carlo simulation of charged particle transport: Mixed algorithms and variance reduction techniques Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38 15-22
    • (1999) Radiat. Environ. Biophys. , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Salvat, F.1    Fernández-Varea, J.M.2    Sempau, J.3    Mazurier, J.4
  • 86
    • 33645520531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PENELOPE: A code system for Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport
    • Salvat F, Fernández-Varea J M and Sempau J 2003 PENELOPE: a code system for Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport Proc. of a Workshop/Training Course (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France: OECD/NEA) Available in pdf format at http://www.nea.fr/html/dbprog/peneloperef.html
    • (2003) Proc. of a Workshop/Training Course
    • Salvat, F.1    Fernández-Varea, J.M.2    Sempau, J.3
  • 87
    • 0025938356 scopus 로고
    • Electron-photon Monte Carlo calculations: The ETRAN code
    • Seltzer S M 1991 Electron-photon Monte Carlo calculations: The ETRAN code Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42 917-41
    • (1991) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.42 , Issue.10 , pp. 917-941
    • Seltzer, S.M.1
  • 88
    • 0344303523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOREC, a Monte Carlo code for simulating electron tracks in liquid water
    • Semenenko V A, Turner J E and Borak T B 2003 NOREC, a Monte Carlo code for simulating electron tracks in liquid water Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 42 213-17
    • (2003) Radiat. Environ. Biophys. , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-217
    • Semenenko, V.A.1    Turner, J.E.2    Borak, T.B.3
  • 90
    • 0025307874 scopus 로고
    • EGS4 Monte Carlo determination of the beta dose kernel in water
    • Simpkin D J and Mackie T R 1990 EGS4 Monte Carlo determination of the beta dose kernel in water Med. Phys. 17 179-86
    • (1990) Med. Phys. , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-186
    • Simpkin, D.J.1    MacKie, T.R.2
  • 91
    • 0342390598 scopus 로고
    • Relativistic Born cross sections for Li-like C and W ions
    • Soh D S and Cho B H 1982 Relativistic Born cross sections for Li-like C and W ions Phys Rev. A 26 1357-68
    • (1982) Phys Rev. , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 1357-1368
    • Soh, D.S.1    Cho, B.H.2
  • 92
    • 36149007336 scopus 로고
    • Theory of electron penetration
    • Spencer L V 1955 Theory of electron penetration Phys. Rev. 98 1597-615
    • (1955) Phys. Rev. , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 1597-1615
    • Spencer, L.V.1
  • 94
    • 0001246512 scopus 로고
    • Energy-deposition in materials irradiated by plane-parallel electron beams with energies between 0.1 and 100 MeV
    • Tabata T, Andreo P and Ito R 1994 Energy-deposition in materials irradiated by plane-parallel electron beams with energies between 0.1 and 100 MeV At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 56 105-31
    • (1994) At. Data Nucl. Data Tables , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-131
    • Tabata, T.1    Andreo, P.2    Ito, R.3
  • 95
    • 0019938360 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of electron energy deposition and yields in water in the liquid and vapor phases
    • Turner J E, Paretzke H G, Hamm R N, Wright H A and Ritchie R H 1982 Comparative study of electron energy deposition and yields in water in the liquid and vapor phases Radiat. Res. 92 47-60
    • (1982) Radiat. Res. , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-60
    • Turner, J.E.1    Paretzke, H.G.2    Hamm, R.N.3    Wright, H.A.4    Ritchie, R.H.5
  • 96
    • 0022698051 scopus 로고
    • The development of a Monte Carlo code simulating electron photon showers and its evaluation by various transport benchmarks
    • Uehara S 1986 The development of a Monte Carlo code simulating electron photon showers and its evaluation by various transport benchmarks Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 14 559-70
    • (1986) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.14 , Issue.4-6 , pp. 559-570
    • Uehara, S.1
  • 97
    • 0027754153 scopus 로고
    • Cross-sections for water vapour for the Monte Carlo electron track structure code from 10 eV to the MeV region
    • Uehara S, Nikjoo H and Goodhead D T 1992 Cross-sections for water vapour for the Monte Carlo electron track structure code from 10 eV to the MeV region Phys. Med. Biol. 37 1841-58
    • (1992) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.37 , pp. 1841-1858
    • Uehara, S.1    Nikjoo, H.2    Goodhead, D.T.3
  • 98
    • 0032854757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison and assessment of electron cross section for Monte Carlo track structure codes
    • Uehara S, Nikjoo H and Goodhead D T 1999 Comparison and assessment of electron cross section for Monte Carlo track structure codes Radiat. Res. 152 202-13
    • (1999) Radiat. Res. , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-213
    • Uehara, S.1    Nikjoo, H.2    Goodhead, D.T.3
  • 99
    • 0019994239 scopus 로고
    • Dosimetry of beta sources in radiotherapy I. the beta point source dose function
    • Vynckier S and Wambersie A 1982 Dosimetry of beta sources in radiotherapy I. The beta point source dose function Phys. Med. Biol. 27 1339-47
    • (1982) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 1339-1347
    • Vynckier, S.1    Wambersie, A.2
  • 101
    • 0035117289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo dose calculations of beta-emitting sources for intravascular brachytherapy: A comparison between EGS4, EGSnrc and MCNP
    • Wang R and Li X A 2001 Monte Carlo dose calculations of beta-emitting sources for intravascular brachytherapy: a comparison between EGS4, EGSnrc and MCNP Med. Phys. 28 134-41
    • (2001) Med. Phys. , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 134-141
    • Wang, R.1    Li, X.A.2
  • 102
    • 0033873510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inelastic X-ray scattering study on molecular liquids
    • Watanabe N, Hayashi H and Udagawa Y 2000 Inelastic X-ray scattering study on molecular liquids J. Chem. Phys. Solids 61 407-9
    • (2000) J. Chem. Phys. Solids , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-409
    • Watanabe, N.1    Hayashi, H.2    Udagawa, Y.3
  • 103
    • 0035274058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron transport in solids for quantitative surface analysis
    • Werner W S M 2001 Electron transport in solids for quantitative surface analysis Surf. Interface Anal. 31 141-76
    • (2001) Surf. Interface Anal. , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-176
    • Werner, W.S.M.1
  • 104
    • 0032808842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo code for positive ion track simulation
    • Wilson W E and Nikjoo H 1999 A Monte Carlo code for positive ion track simulation Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38 97-104
    • (1999) Radiat. Environ. Biophys. , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-104
    • Wilson, W.E.1    Nikjoo, H.2
  • 105
    • 33745239582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytical expression for electron elastic scattering cross section from atoms and molecules in 1.0 keV to 1.0 MeV energy range
    • Yalcin S, Gurler O, Gultekin A and Gundoglu O 2006 An analytical expression for electron elastic scattering cross section from atoms and molecules in 1.0 keV to 1.0 MeV energy range Phys. Lett. A 356 138-45
    • (2006) Phys. Lett. , vol.356 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-145
    • Yalcin, S.1    Gurler, O.2    Gultekin, A.3    Gundoglu, O.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.