Intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke: The art and science of treatment decision making

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

Volumn 11, Issue SUPPL. 5, 2008, Pages

  Sylaja, P ^a   Demchuk, Andrew ^b  

^a Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute   (India)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acute ischemic stroke; Thrombolysis

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; DESMOTEPLASE; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; PLACEBO; STREPTOKINASE;

ACUTE DISEASE; BARTHEL INDEX; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; DISABILITY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE; GERIATRIC PATIENT; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MICROVASCULATURE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION; MORTALITY; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH STROKE SCALE; NEUROIMAGING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SELECTION; PROGNOSIS; RANKIN SCALE; REVIEW; SEIZURE; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 46949087703     PISSN: 09722327     EISSN: 19983549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. NINDS The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rtPA Stroke Study Group.Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-7.
2. The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group.Generalized efficacy of t-PA for acute stroke: Subgroup analysis of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke 1997;28:2119-25.3
3. Hacke W, Donnan G, Fieschi C, Kaste M, vonKummer R, Broderick JP, et al. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: Pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet 2004;363:768-74.
4. Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial-Italy Group. Randomized controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin and combination of both in treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Lancet 1995;346:1509-14.
5. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, Toni D, Lesaffre E, vonKummer R, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Co-operative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995;274:1017-25.
6. Europe Study Group. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase in acute ischemic stroke: The Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial. N Engl J Med 1995;335:145-50.
7. Donnan GA, Davis SM, Chambers BR, Gates PC, Hankey GJ, McNeil JJ, et al. Streptokinase for acute ischemic stroke with relationship to time of administration. JAMA 1996;276:961-6.
8. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, vonKummer R, Davalos A, Meier D, et al. Randomized double blind placebo controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke (ECASS II), Second European- Australian Acute Stroke Study Investigators. Lancet 1998;352:1241-5.
9. Clark WM, Wissman S, Albers GW, Jhamandas JH, Madden KP, Hamilton S, et al. Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (alteplase) for ischemic stroke 3 to 5 h after symptom onset. The ATLANTIS Study: A randomized controlled trial. Alteplase Thrombolysis for Acute Noninterventional Therapy in Ischemic Stroke. JAMA 1999;282:2019-26.
10. Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, Brott TG, Lyden PC, Grotta JC, et al. Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: The NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology 2000;55:1649-55.
11. Hill MD, Buchan AM; for the Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study (CASES) Investigators. Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: Results of the Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study. CMAJ 2005;172:1307-12.
12. Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Davalos A, Ford GA, Grond M, Hacke W, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischemic stroke in Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke -Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): An observational study. Lancet 2007;369:275-82.
13. The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group. Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke 1997;28:2109-18.
14. Tanne D, Kasner SE, Demchuk AM, Koren-Morag N, Hanson S, Grond M, et al. Markers of increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for acute ischemic stroke in clinical practice: The Multicenter rt-PA Acute Stroke Survey. Circulation 2002;105:1679-85.
15. Fiorelli M, Bastianello S, vonKummer R, del Zoppo GJ, Larrue V, Lesaffre E, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation within 36 hours of a cerebral infarct: Relationship with early clinical deterioration and 3-month outcome in the European Co-operative Acute Stroke Study I(ECASS I)cohort. Stroke 1999;30:2280-4.
16. Molina CA, Alvarez-Sabin J, Montaner J, Abilleira S, Arenillas JF, Coscojuela P, et al. Thrombolysis-related hemorrhagic infarction: A marker of early reperfusion, reduced infarct size and improved outcome in patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 2002;33:1551-6.
17. Lansberg MG, Thijs VN, Bammer R, Kemp S, Wijman CA, Marks MP, et al. Risk factors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA therapy for acute stroke. Stroke 2007;38:2275-8.
18. Katzan IL, Furlan AJ, Lioyd LE, Frank JI, Harper DL, Hinchey JA, et al. Use of tissue -type plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: The Cleveland area experience. JAMA 2000;283:1151-8.
19. Katzan IL, Hammer MD, Furlan AJ, Hixson ED, Nadzam DM; Cleveland Clinic Health System Stroke Quality Improvement Team. Quality improvement and tissue type plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: Cleveland update. Stroke 2003;34:799-800.
20. Lopes Yunez AM, Bruno A, Williams LS, Yilmaz E, Zurru C, Biller J. Protocol violations in community -based rtPA stroke treatment are associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2001;32:12-6.
21. Demchuk AM, Morgenstern LB, Kreiger DW, Linda Chi T, Hu W, Wein TH, et al. Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator-related intra cerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1999;30:34-9.
22. Smith EE, Abdullah AR, Petkovska I, Rosenthal E, Koroshetz WJ, Schwamm LH. Poor outcomes in patients who do not receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator because of mild or improving ischemic stroke. Stroke 2005;36:2497-9.
23. Barber PA, Zhang J, Demchuk AM, Hill MD, Buchan AM. Why are stroke patients excluded from tPA therapy? An analysis of patient eligibility. Neurology 2001;56:1015-20.
24. Baumann CR, Baumgartner RW, Gandjour J, von Budingen HC, Siegel AM, Georgiadia D. Good outcomes in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis despite regressing neurological symptoms. Stroke 2006;37:1332-3.
25. Sylaja PN, Dong W, Grotta JC, Miller MK, Tomita K, Hamilton S, et al. Safety outcomes of alteplase among acute ischemic stroke patients with special characteristics. Neurocrit Care 2007;6:181-5.
26. Engelter ST, Reichhart M, Sekoranja L, Georgiadis D, Baumann A, Weder B, et al. Thrombolysis in stroke patients aged 80 years and older: Swiss survey of IV thrombolysis. Neurology 2005;65:1795-8.
27. Heushmann PU, Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Roether J, Misselwitz B, Lowitzsch K, Heidrich J, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 2004;292:1831-8.
28. Sylaja PN, Cote R, Buchan AM, Hill MD. Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke patients aged 80 years and older: Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:826-9.
29. Vatankhah B, Dittmar MS, Fehm NP. Thrombolysis for stroke in the elderly. T Thromb Thrombolysis 2005;20:5-10.
30. Chen CI, Iguchi Y, Grotta JC, Garami Z, Uchino K, Shaltoni H, et al. Intravenous TPA for very old patients. Eur Neurol 2005;54:140-4.
31. Engelter ST, Bonati LH, Lyrer PA. Intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients ≥ 80 versus < 80 years of age: A systematic review across cohort studies. Age Ageing 2006;35:572-80.
32. Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Zhang J, Buchan AM; for the ASPECTS Study Group. Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomographic score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy. Lancet 2000;355:167-74.
33. Demchuk AM, Hill MD, Barber PA, Silver B, Patel S, Levine SR. Importance of CT early ischemic change using ASPECTS in NINDS rt-PA study. Stroke 2005;36:2110-5.
34. Neumann-Haefelin T, Hoelig S, Berkefeld J, Fiehler J, Gass A, Humpich M, et al. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis for acute stroke. Stroke 2006;37:2463-6.
35. Palumbo V, Boulanger JH, Hill MD, Inzitari D, Buchan AM. Leukoaraiosis and intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis in acute stroke. Neurology 2007;68:1020-4.
36. Hacke W, Albers G, Al-Rawi Y, Bogousslavsky J, Davalos A, Eliasziw M, et al. The desmoteplase in acute ischemic stroke trial (DIAS). Stroke 2005;36:66-73.
37. Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons MW, Levi C, Butcher KS, Peeters A, et al. Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET): A placebo-controlled randomized trial. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:299-309.
38. Thomalla G, Schwark C, Sobesky J, Bluhmki E, Fiebach JB, Fiehler J, et al. Outcome and symptomatic bleeding complications of intravenous thrombolysis within 6 hours in MRI selected stroke patients: Comparison of a German multicenter study with the pooled data of ATLANTIS, ECASS and NINDS tPA trials. Stroke 2006;37:852-8.
39. Kohrmann M, Juttler E, Fiebach JB, Huttner HB, Siebert S, Schwark C, et al. MRI versus CT-based thrombolysis treatment within and beyond the 3 h time window after stroke onset: A cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:661-7.
40. Schellinger PD, Thomalla G, Fiehler J, Kohrmann M, Molina CA, Neumann-Haefelin T, et al. MRI-based and CT-based thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke within and beyond established time windows: An analysis of 1210 patients. Stroke 2007;38:2640-5.
41. Puetz V, Dzialowski I, Hill MD, Subramaniam S, Sylaja PN, Krol A, et al. Intracranial thrombus extent predicts clinical outcome, final infarct size and hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke: The Clot Burden Score. Int J Stroke 2008 (in press).
42. Wintermark M, Reichhart M, Cuisenaire O, Thiran JP, Schnyder P, Bogousslavsky J, et al. Comparison of admission perfusion computed tomography and qualitative diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in acute stroke patients. Stroke 2002;33:2025-31.
43. Pandian JD, Kalra G, Jaison A, Deepak SS, Shamsher S, Padala S, et al. Factors delaying admission to a hospital based stroke unit in India. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2006;15:81-7.
44. Pandian JD, Jaison A, Deepak SS, Kara G, Shamsher S, Lincoln DJ, et al. Public awareness of warning symptoms, risk factors and treatment of stroke in Northwest India. Stroke 2005;36:644-8.
45. Sylaja PN, Dzialowski I, Krol A, Roy J, Federico P, Demchuk AM. Role of CT angiography in thrombolysis decision making for patients with presumed seizure at stroke onset. Stroke 2006;37:915-7.
46. Pexman JH, Barber PA, Hill MD, Sevick RJ, Demchuk AM, Hudon ME, et al. Use of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) for assessing CT scans in patients with acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22:1532-42.
47. Patel SC, Levine SR, Tilley BC, Grotta JC, Lu M, Frankel M, et al. Lack of clinical significance of early ischemic changes on computed tomography in acute stroke. JAMA 2001;286:2830-8.
48. Gilligan AK, Markus R, Read S, Srikanth V, Hirano T, Fitt G, et al. Baseline blood pressure but not early computed tomography changes predicts major hemorrhage after streptokinase in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002;33:2236-42.
49. Gladstone DJ, Hill MD, Black S. tPA for acute stroke: Balancing baseline imbalances. CMAJ 2002;25:166.