Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator- related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke

Stroke

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 34-39

  Demchuk, Andrew M ^b   Morgenstern, Lewis B ^a   Krieger, Derk W ^b   Chi, T Linda ^b   Hu, William ^b   Wein, Theodore H ^b   Hardy, Robert J ^b   Grotta, James C ^b   Buchan, Alastair M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Cerebral hemorrhage; Diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Stroke, acute; Thrombolytic therapy

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SMOKING;

EID: 0032930284     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.30.1.34     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. The National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581-1587.
2. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, Toni D, Lesaffre E, von Kummer R, Boysen G, Bluhmki E, Hoxter G, Mahagen MH, Hennerici MG, for the ECASS Study Group. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke: the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA. 1995;274:1017-1025.
3. The NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1997;28: 2109-2118.
4. Larrue V, von Kummer R, del Zoppo G, Bluhmki E. Hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke: potential contributing factors in the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study. Stroke. 1997;28:957-960.
5. Weir CJ, Murray GD, Dyker AG, Lees KR. Is hyperglycemia an independent predictor of poor outcome after acute stroke? Results of a long-term follow up study. BMJ. 1997;314:1303-1306.
6. Nedergaard M. Transient focal ischemia in hyperglycemic rats is associated with increased cerebral infarction. Brain Res. 1987;408:79-85.
7. Yip PK, He YY, Hsu CY, Garg N, Marangos P, Hogan EL. Effect of plasma glucose on infarct size in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Neurology. 1991;41:899-905.
8. de Courten GM, Myers RE, Schoolfield S. Hyperglycemia enlarges infarct size in cerebrovascular occlusion. Stroke. 1988;19:623-630.
9. de Courten-Myers GM, Kleinholz M, Holm P De Voe G, Schmitt G, Wagner KR, Myers RE. Hemorrhagic infarct conversion in experimental stroke. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:120-126.
10. Kawai N, Keep RF, Betz AL. Hyperglycemia and the vascular effects of cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 1997;28:149-154.
11. Chiu D, Krieger D, Villar-Cordova C, Kasner SE, Morgenstern LB, Bratina PL, Yatsu FM, Grotta JC. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: feasibility, safety, and efficacy in the first year of clinical practice. Stroke. 1998;29:18-22.
12. von Kummer R, Allen KL, Holle R, Bozzao L, Bastianello S, Manelfe C, Bluhmki E, Ringleb P, Meier DH, Hacke W. Acute stroke: usefulness of early CT findings before thrombolytic therapy. Radiology. 1997;205: 327-333.
13. Bomont L, MacKenzie ET. Neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in hyperglycaemic and diabetic rats. Neurosci Lett. 1995;197:53-56.
14. Kittaka M, Wang L, Sun N, Schreiber SS, Seeds NW, Fisher M, Zlokovic BV. Brain capillary tissue plasminogen activator in a diabetes stroke model. Stroke. 1996;27:712-719.
15. Mitchell A, Kirckpatrick P. Hyperglycemia after acute stroke: may occur as a result of neuroendocrine response. BMJ. 1997;315:810-811. Letter.
16. Cazzato G, Zorzon M, Mase G, Iona LG. Hyperglycemia at ischemic stroke onset as prognostic factor. Ital J Neurol Sci. 1991;12:283-288.
17. Nedergaard M, Diemer NH. Focal ischemia in the rat brain: with special reference to the influence of glucose concentration. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1987;73:131-137.
18. de Courten-Myers GM, Kleinholz M, Wagner KR, Myers RE. Normoglycemia (not hypoglycemia) optimizes outcome from middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994;14:227-236.
19. Ginsberg MD, Prado R, Dietrich WD, Busto R, Watson BD. Hyperglycemia reduces the extent of cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke. 1987; 18:570-574.
20. Zasslow MA, Pearl RG, Shuer LM, Steinberg GK, Lieberson RE, Larson CP Jr. Hyperglycemia decreases acute neuronal ischemic changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. Stroke. 1989;20:519-523.
21. Kraft SA, Larson CP Jr, Shuer LM, Steinberg GK, Benson GV, Pearl RG. Effect of hyperglycemia on neuronal changes in a rabbit model of focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 1990;21:447-450.
22. Huang NC, Yongbi MN, Helpern JA. The influence of preischemic hyperglycemia on acute changes in brain water ADCw following focal ischemia in rats. Brain Res. 1998;788:137-143.
23. 14C]2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1986;6:607-615.
24. Els T, Rother J, Beaulieu C, de Crispigny A, Moseley M. Hyperglycemia delays terminal depolarization and enhances repolarization after periinfarct spreading depression as measured by serial diffusion MR mapping. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997;17:591-595.
25. Wagner KR, Kleinholz M, de Courten-Myers GM, Myers RE. Hyperglycemia versus normoglycemic stroke: topography of brain metabolites, intracellular pH, and infarct size. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1992;12: 213-222.
26. Siesjo BK, Ekholm A, Katsura K, Theander S. Acid-base changes during complete brain ischemia. Stroke. 1990;21:194-198.
27. Siesjo BK, Bendek G, Koide T. Influence of acidosis on lipid peroxidation in brain tissues in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1985;5: 253-258.
28. Hillerad L, Ernster L, Siesjo BK. Influence of in vitro lactic acidosis and hypercapnia on respiratory activity of isolated rat brain mitochondria. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1984;4:430-437.
29. Kalimo H, Rehncrona S, Soderfeldt B, Olsson Y, Siesjo BK. Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage, 2: histopathology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1981;1:313-327.
30. OuYang YB, Mellergaard P, Kristian T, Kristianova V, Siesjo BK. Influence of acid-base changes on intracellular calcium concentration of neurons in primary culture. Exp Brain Res. 1994;101:265-271.
31. Kraig RP, Petito CK, Plum F, Pulsinelli WA. Hydrogen ions kill brain at concentrations reached in ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1987;7: 379-386.
32. Hamilton MG, Tranmer BI, Auer RN. Insulin reduction of cerebral infarction due to transient focal ischemia. J Neurosurg. 1995;82:262-268.
33. Deitrich WD, Alonso O, Busto R. Moderate hyperglycemia worsens acute blood-brain barrier injury after forebrain ischemia in rats. Stroke. 1993; 24:111-116.
34. de Courten-Myers GM, Kleinholz M, Wagner KR, Myers RE. Fatal strokes in hyperglycemic cats. Stroke. 1989;20:1707-1715.
35. Paljarvi L, Rehncrona S, Soderfeldt B, Olsson Y, Kalimo H. Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: quantitative ultrastructural changes in capillaries of rat cerebral cortex. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1983;60: 232-240.
36. Quast MJ, Wei J, Huang NC, Brunder DG, Sell SL, Gonzalez JM, Hillman GR, Kent TA. Perfusion deficit parallels exacerbation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in hyperglycemic rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997;17:553-559.
37. Kawai N, Betz AL, Keep RF. Hyperglycemia induces progressive changes in cerebral blood volume and blood-brain barrier transport during focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997;17:5361. Abstract.
38. Auer RN. Insulin, blood glucose levels, and ischemic brain damage. Neurology. 1998;51(suppl 3):S39-S43.
39. Maruki Y, Koehler RC, Kirsch HR, Blizzard KK, Traystman RJ. Tirilazad pretreatment improves early cerebral metabolic and blood flow recovery from hyperglycemic ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1995;15:88-96.
40. Kim H, Koehler RC, Hum PD, Hall ED, Traystman RJ. Amelioration of impaired cerebral metabolism after severe acidotic ischemia by tirilazad posttreatment in dogs. Stroke. 1996;27:114-121.
41. Hum PD, Koehler RC, Blizzard KK, Traystman RJ. Deferoxamine reduces early metabolic failure associated with severe cerebral ischemic acidosis in dogs. Stroke. 1995;26:688-694.
42. Berger L, Hakim AM. The association of hyperglycemia with cerebral edema in stroke. Stroke. 1986;17:865-871.
43. Pulsinelli WA, Levy DE, Sigsbee B, Scherer P, Plum F. Increased damage after ischemic stroke in patients with hyperglycemia with or without established diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1983;74:540-544.
44. Gray CS, French JM, Bates D, Cartridge NE, Venables GS, James OF. Increasing age, diabetes mellitus and recovery from stroke. Postgrad Med J. 1989;65:720-724.
45. Scott J, O'Connell J, Gray C. Hyperglycemia after acute stroke: participants required for trial of treatment with glucose and insulin. BMJ. 1997;315:811. Letter.
46. Weir C, Dyker A, Lees K, Murray G. Hyperglycemia after acute stroke: author's reply. BMJ. 1997;315:811. Letter.
47. Gore JM, Granger CB, Simoons ML, Sloan MA, Weaver WD, White HD, Barhash GI, Van de Werf F, Aylward PE, Topol EJ, Califf RM, for the GUSTO-I Investigators. Stroke after thrombolysis: mortality and functional outcomes in the GUSTO-I trial. Circulation. 1995;92:2811-2818.
48. Simoons ML, Maggioni AP, Knatterud G, Leimberger JD, de Jaegere P, van Domburg R, Boersma E, Franzosi MG, Califf RM, Schroder R, Braunwald E. Individual risk assessment for intracranial hemorrhage during thrombolytic therapy. Lancet. 1993;342:1523-1528.
49. Wang L, Kittaka M, Sun N, Schreiber SS, Zlokovic BV. Chronic nicotine treatment enhances focal ischemic brain injury and depletes free pool of brain microvascular tissue plasminogen activators in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow and Metab. 1997;17:136-146.
50. Shatos MA, Doherty JM, Penar PL, Sobel BE. Suppression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 release from human cerebral endothelium by plasminogen activators: a factor potentially predisposing to intracranial bleeding. Circulation. 1996;94:636-642.
51. del Zoppo GJ, Poeck K, Pessin MS, Wolpert SM, Furlan AJ, Ferbert A, Alberts MJ, Zivin JA, Wechsler L, Busse O, Greenlee R, Brass L, Mohr JP, Feldmann E, Hacke W, Kase CS, Biller J, Gress D, Otis SM. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke. Ann Neurol. 1992;32:78-86.
52. Sasaki O, Takeuchi S, Koike T, Koizumi T, Tanaka R. Fibrinolytic therapy for acute embolic stroke: intravenous, intracarotid, and intra-arterial local approaches. Neurosurgery. 1995;36:246-252.