Memory and coping with stress: The relationship between cognitive-emotional distinctiveness, memory valence, and distress

Memory

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 637-657

  Boals, Adriel ^a   Rubin, David C ^b   Klein, Kitty ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; COGNITION; COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL DISTINCTIVENESS; COPING BEHAVIOR; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMPACT OF EVENTS SCALE; MALE; MEMORY; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL STRESS; MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECALL;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COGNITION; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TERRORISM; UNITED STATES;

EID: 46749107603     PISSN: 09658211     EISSN: 14640686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09658210802083098     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Andrews, B. and Wilding, J. M. (2004) The relation of depression and anxiety to life-stress and achievement in students. British Journal of Psychology, 95, pp. 509-521.
2. Baker-Ward, L. E., Eaton, K. L. and Banks, J. B. (2005) Young soccer players' reports of a tournament win or loss: Different emotions, different narratives. Journal of Cognition and Development, 6, pp. 507-527.
3. Barclay, C. R. (1995) Autobiographical remembering: Narrative constraints on objectified selves. Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memories, Cambridge University Press, New York
4. Berntsen, D. and Rubin, D. C. (2004) Cultural life scripts structure recall from autobiographical memory. Memory & Cognition, 32, pp. 427-442.
5. Berntsen, D. and Rubin, D. C. (2006) The centrality of event scale: A measure of integrating a trauma into one's identity and its relation to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, pp. 219-231.
6. Berntsen, D., Willert, M. and Rubin, D. C. (2003) Splintered memories or vivid landmarks? Qualities and organisation of traumatic memories with and without PTSD. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, pp. 675-693.
7. Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C. and Forneris, C. A. (1996) Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, pp. 669-673.
8. Boals, A. and Klein, K. (2005) Cognitive-emotional distinctiveness: Separating emotions from non-emotions in the representation of a stressful memory. Memory, 13, pp. 638-648.
9. Boals, A. and Klein, K. (2005) Word use in emotional narratives about failed romantic relationships and subsequent mental health. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 24, pp. 252-268.
10. Bower, G. H. (1981) Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, pp. 129-148.
11. Breckler, S. J., Pratkanis, A. R. and McCann, C. D. (1991) The representation of self in multidimensional cognitive space. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, pp. 97-112.
12. Brewin, C. R. (2001) A cognitive neuroscience account of post-traumatic stress disorder and its treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, pp. 373-393.
13. Brewin, C. R., Dalgleish, T. and Joseph, S. (1996) A dual representation of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Review, 103, pp. 670-686.
14. Brewin, C. R. and Holmes, E. A. (2003) Psychological theories of post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, pp. 339-376.
15. Brown, R. and Kulik, J. (1977) Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, pp. 73-99.
16. Cavanagh, K. and Davey, G. C. L. (2001) The use of stimulus dimensions in judgement making in spider fearful and nonfearful individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, pp. 1199-1211.
17. Conway, M. A. and Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000) The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107, pp. 261-288.
18. Cramer, P. (2000) Defense mechanisms in psychology today: Further processes for adaptation. American Psychologist, 55, pp. 637-646.
19. Crites, S. L., Fabrigar, L. R. and Petty, R. E. (1994) Measuring the affective and cognitive properties of attitudes: Conceptual and methodological issues. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, pp. 619-634.
20. Dalgleish, T. (2004) Cognitive approaches to post-traumatic stress disorder: The evolution of multirepresentational theorizing. Psychological Bulletin, 130, pp. 228-260.
21. Derogatis, L. (1977) SCL-90-R administration, scoring and procedures manual-II, Clinical Psychometric Research, Towson, MD
22. DeSteno, D. A. and Salovey, P. (1997) The effects of mood on the structure of the self-concept. Cognition and Emotion, 11, pp. 351-372.
23. Ehlers, A. and Clark, D. M. (2000) A cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, pp. 319-345.
24. Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A. and Bryant, B. (1998) Psychological predictors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, pp. 508-519.
25. Foa, E. B. and Kozak, M. J. (1986) Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, pp. 20-35.
26. Foa, E. B., Molnar, C. and Cashman, L. (1995) Change in rape narratives during exposure to therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, pp. 675-690.
27. Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Massie, E. D. and Yarczower, M. (1995) The impact of fear activation and anger on the efficacy of exposure treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 26, pp. 487-499.
28. Foa, E. B. and Rothbaum, B. O. (1998) Treating the trauma of rape: Cognitive behavioural therapy for PSTD, Guilford Press, New York
29. Foa, E. B., Steketee, G. and Rothbaum, B. O. (1989) Behavioral/cognitive conceptualization of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 20, pp. 155-176.
30. Freud, S. (1962) The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, 1, pp. 206-212. Hogarth Press, London
31. Grey, N., Holmes, E. and Brewin, C. R. (2001) Peritraumatic emotional hotspots in memory. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, pp. 367-372.
32. Halberstadt, J. B. and Niedenthal, P. M. (1997) Emotional state and the use of stimulus dimensions in judgement. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 72, pp. 1017-1033.
33. Hankin, B. L., Fraley, R. C. and Abela, J. R. Z. (2005) Daily depression and cognitions: Evidence for a traitlike depressogenic cognitive style and the prediction of depressive symptoms in a prospective daily diary study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, pp. 673-685.
34. Harvey, A. G. and Bryant, R. A. (1999) A qualitative investigation of the organisation of traumatic memories. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, pp. 401-405.
35. Hellawell, S. J. and Brewin, C. R. (2004) A comparison of flashbacks and ordinary autobiographical memories of trauma: Content and language. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, pp. 1-12.
36. Horowitz, M. J. (1975) Intrusive and repetitive thoughts after experimental stress. Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1457-1463.
37. Horowitz, M. J. and Becker, S. S. (1971) Cognitive response to stress and experimental demand. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 78, pp. 86-92.
38. Horowitz, M. J., Wilner, N. and Alvarez, W. (1979) Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, pp. 209-218.
39. Klein, K. and Boals, A. (2008) Coherence, cohesiveness and narrative structure in personal accounts of stressful experiences
40. Kruskal, J. B. and Wish, M. (1978) Multidimensional scaling, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA
41. Lang, P. J. (1979) A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 16, pp. 495-512.
42. Lazarus, R. (1984) On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39, pp. 124-129.
43. LeDoux, J. E. (2000) Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, pp. 155-184.
44. Monroe, S. M. and Harkness, K. L. (2005) Life stress, the "kindling" hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: Considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychological Review, 112, pp. 417-445.
45. Pennebaker, J. W., Mayne, T. J. and Francis, M. E. (1997) Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, pp. 863-871.
46. Pillemer, D. B., Desrochers, A. B. and Ebanks, C. M. (1998) Remembering the past in the present: Verb tense shifts in autobiographical memory narratives. Autobiographical memory: Theoretical and applied perspectives, pp. 145-162. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, New York
47. Porter, S. and Birt, A. R. (2001) Is traumatic memory special? A comparison of traumatic memory characteristics with memory for other emotional life experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, pp. 101-117.
48. Pury, C. L. S. and Mineka, S. (2001) Differential encoding of affective and nonaffective content information in trait anxiety. Cognition & Emotion, 15, pp. 659-693.
49. Rachman, S. (2001) Emotional processing, with special reference to post-traumatic stress disorder. International Review of Psychiatry, 13, pp. 164-171.
50. Reisenzein, R. and Schimmack, U. (1999) Similarity judgements and covariations of affects: Findings and implications for affect structure research. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, pp. 539-555.
51. Rubin, D. C. and Berntsen, D. (2003) Life scripts help to maintain autobiographical memories of highly positive, but not highly negative, events. Memory & Cognition, 31, pp. 1-14.
52. Rubin, D. C., Berntsen, D. and Johansen, M. K. A mnemonic model of post-traumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis. Psychological Review
53. Rubin, D. C., Feldman, M. E. and Beckham, J. C. (2003) Reliving, emotions, and fragmentation in the autobiographical memories of veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, pp. 17-35.
54. Rubin, D. C., Schrauf, R. W. and Greenberg, D. L. (2003) Belief and recollection of autobiographical memories. Memory & Cognition, 31, pp. 887-901.
55. Schaefer, A. and Philippot, P. (2005) Selective effects of emotion on the phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories. Memory, 13, pp. 148-160.
56. Schiffman, S. S., Reynolds, M. L. and Young, F. W. (1981) Introduction to multidimensional scaling, Academic Press, New York
57. Schutz, P. A., Davis, H. A. and Schwanenflugel, P. J. (2002) Organisation of concepts relevant to emotions and their regulation during test taking. Journal of Experimental Education, 70, pp. 316-342.
58. Shobe, K. K. and Kihlstrom, J. F. (1997) Is traumatic memory special?. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, pp. 70-74.
59. Stein, N. L., Trabasso, T. and Albro, E. R. (2001) Understanding and organising emotional experience: Autobiographical accounts of traumatic events. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 19, pp. 111-130.
60. Talarico, J. M., LaBar, K. S. and Rubin, D. C. (2004) Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience. Memory and Cognition, 32, pp. 1118-1132.
61. Talarico, J. M. and Rubin, D. C. (2003) Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14, pp. 455-461.
62. van der Kolk, B. A. and Fisler, R. (1995) Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, pp. 505-525.
63. Wegner, D. M. (1994) Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review, 101, pp. 34-52.
64. Zajonc, R. B. (1984) On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 39, pp. 117-123.