메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 107-124

Thirty thousand years of vegetation development and climate change in Angola (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1078)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; DEGLACIATION; GLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; HEINRICH EVENT; HOLOCENE; INTERGLACIAL; OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM; RANGE EXPANSION; SAVANNA; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; VEGETATION; VEGETATION HISTORY;

EID: 46649114143     PISSN: 18149324     EISSN: 18149332     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/cp-4-107-2008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0042352407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glacial millennial-scale fluctuations in central African precipitation recorded in terrigenous sediment supply and freshwater signals offshore Cameroon
    • Adegbie, A. T., Schneider, R. R., Röhl, U., and Wefer, G.: Glacial millennial-scale fluctuations in central African precipitation recorded in terrigenous sediment supply and freshwater signals offshore Cameroon, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 197, 323-333, 2003.
    • (2003) Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl , vol.197 , pp. 323-333
    • Adegbie, A.T.1    Schneider, R.R.2    Röhl, U.3    Wefer, G.4
  • 6
    • 0033710759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen-inferred precipitation time-series from equatorial mountains, Africa, the last 40 kyr BP
    • Bonnefille, R. and Chalié , F.: Pollen-inferred precipitation time-series from equatorial mountains, Africa, the last 40 kyr BP, Global Planet. Change, 26, 25-50, 2000.
    • (2000) Global Planet. Change , vol.26 , pp. 25-50
    • Bonnefille, R.1    Chalié, F.2
  • 8
    • 0024198001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bonnefille, R. and Riollet, G.: The Kashiru pollen sequence (Burundi). Palaeoclimatic implications for the last 40,000 yr. B.P. in tropical Africa, Quaternary Res., 30, 19-35, 1988.
    • Bonnefille, R. and Riollet, G.: The Kashiru pollen sequence (Burundi). Palaeoclimatic implications for the last 40,000 yr. B.P. in tropical Africa, Quaternary Res., 30, 19-35, 1988.
  • 9
    • 34548573721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pots, words and the Bantu problem: On lexical re-constructionand early African history
    • Bostoen, K.: Pots, words and the Bantu problem: on lexical re-constructionand early African history, J. Afr. Hist., 48, 173-199, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Afr. Hist , vol.48 , pp. 173-199
    • Bostoen, K.1
  • 10
    • 20544473280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon simulations for the glacial ocean: The effects of wind stress, Southern Ocean sea ice and Heinrich events
    • Butzin, M., Prange, M., and, Lohmann, G.: Radiocarbon simulations for the glacial ocean: the effects of wind stress, Southern Ocean sea ice and Heinrich events, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 235, 45-61, 2005.
    • (2005) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.235 , pp. 45-61
    • Butzin, M.1    Prange, M.2    Lohmann, G.3
  • 11
    • 0000546611 scopus 로고
    • Pollen analytical studies in east and southern Africa
    • Coetzee, J. A.: Pollen analytical studies in east and southern Africa, Palaeoecol. Afr., 3, 1-146, 1967.
    • (1967) Palaeoecol. Afr , vol.3 , pp. 1-146
    • Coetzee, J.A.1
  • 12
    • 0034705537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherent high - and low-latitude climate variability during the Holocene warm period
    • DeMenocal, P. B., Ortiz, J., Guilderson, T., and Sarnthein, M.: Coherent high - and low-latitude climate variability during the Holocene warm period, Science, 288, 2198-2202, 2000.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 2198-2202
    • DeMenocal, P.B.1    Ortiz, J.2    Guilderson, T.3    Sarnthein, M.4
  • 13
    • 33644837052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-sea linkages during deglacia-tion: High-resolution records from the eastern Atlantic off the coast of Namibia and Angola (ODP site 1078)
    • Dupont, L. M. and Behling, H.: Land-sea linkages during deglacia-tion: High-resolution records from the eastern Atlantic off the coast of Namibia and Angola (ODP site 1078), Quatern. Int., 148, 19-28, 2006.
    • (2006) Quatern. Int , vol.148 , pp. 19-28
    • Dupont, L.M.1    Behling, H.2
  • 14
    • 0037329170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing pathways of aeolian pollen transport to the marine sediments along the coastline of SW Africa
    • Dupont, L. M. and Wyputta, U.: Reconstructing pathways of aeolian pollen transport to the marine sediments along the coastline of SW Africa, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 157-174, 2003.
    • (2003) Quaternary Sci. Rev , vol.22 , pp. 157-174
    • Dupont, L.M.1    Wyputta, U.2
  • 15
    • 0010446526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Podocarpus in West Africa during the Late Pleistocene
    • Dupont, L. M., Shi, N., Jahns, S., and Marret, F.: Podocarpus in West Africa during the Late Pleistocene, Palaeoecol. Afr., 24, 85-101, 1996.
    • (1996) Palaeoecol. Afr , vol.24 , pp. 85-101
    • Dupont, L.M.1    Shi, N.2    Jahns, S.3    Marret, F.4
  • 16
    • 33845803077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in glacial and Holocene marine pollen records offshore from west southern Africa
    • Dupont, L. M., Behling, H., Jahns, S., Marret, F., and Kim, J.-H.: Variability in glacial and Holocene marine pollen records offshore from west southern Africa, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 16, 87-100, 2007.
    • (2007) Veg. Hist. Archaeobot , vol.16 , pp. 87-100
    • Dupont, L.M.1    Behling, H.2    Jahns, S.3    Marret, F.4    Kim, J.-H.5
  • 17
    • 0028606672 scopus 로고
    • Pollen evidence of late Quaternary vegetation and inferred climate changes in Congo
    • Elenga, H., Schwartz, D., and Vincens, A.: Pollen evidence of late Quaternary vegetation and inferred climate changes in Congo, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 109, 345-356, 1994.
    • (1994) Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl , vol.109 , pp. 345-356
    • Elenga, H.1    Schwartz, D.2    Vincens, A.3
  • 19
    • 0024815449 scopus 로고
    • A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: Influence of glacial melting dates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation
    • Fairbanks, R. G.: A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting dates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation, Nature, 342, 215-230, 1989.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 215-230
    • Fairbanks, R.G.1
  • 21
    • 0032447879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the eustatic sea-level curve since the Last Glacial Maximum using far- and intermediate-field sites
    • Fleming, K., Johnston, P., Zwartz, D., Yokoyama, Y., Lambeck, K., and Chappell, J.: Refining the eustatic sea-level curve since the Last Glacial Maximum using far- and intermediate-field sites, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 163, 327-342, 1998.
    • (1998) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.163 , pp. 327-342
    • Fleming, K.1    Johnston, P.2    Zwartz, D.3    Yokoyama, Y.4    Lambeck, K.5    Chappell, J.6
  • 22
    • 0033979952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum
    • Gasse, F.: Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 189-211, 2000.
    • (2000) Quaternary Sci. Rev , vol.19 , pp. 189-211
    • Gasse, F.1
  • 23
    • 0035869195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary environmental changes from a pollen and diatom record in the southern tropics (Lake Tritrivakely, Madagascar)
    • Gasse, F. and Van Campo, E.: Late Quaternary environmental changes from a pollen and diatom record in the southern tropics (Lake Tritrivakely, Madagascar), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 167, 287-308, 2001.
    • (2001) Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl , vol.167 , pp. 287-308
    • Gasse, F.1    Van Campo, E.2
  • 24
    • 0034640379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid flooding of the Sunda shelf: A Late-Glacial sea level record
    • Hanebuth, T., Stattegger, K., and Grootes, P. M.: Rapid flooding of the Sunda shelf: A Late-Glacial sea level record, Science, 288, 1033-1035, 2000.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1033-1035
    • Hanebuth, T.1    Stattegger, K.2    Grootes, P.M.3
  • 25
    • 0001424923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development & assessment of the Global Land One-km Base Elevation digital elevation model (GLOBE)
    • Hastings, D. A. and Dunbar, P. K.: Development & assessment of the Global Land One-km Base Elevation digital elevation model (GLOBE), ISPRS Archives, 32, 218-221, 1998.
    • (1998) ISPRS Archives , vol.32 , pp. 218-221
    • Hastings, D.A.1    Dunbar, P.K.2
  • 27
    • 70349423433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hughen, K. A., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Bertrand, C., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Burr, G., Cutler, K. B., Damon, P. E., Edwards, R. L., Fairbanks, R. G., Friedrich, M., Guilderson, T. P., Kromer, B., McCormac, F. G., Manning, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Reimer, P. J., Reimer, R. W., Remmele, S., Southon, J. R., Stuiver, M., Talamo, S., Taylor, F. W., Van Der Plicht, J., and Weyhenmeyer, C. E.: Marine04 Marine radiocarbon age calibration, 26-0 ka BP, Radiocarbon, 46, 1059-1086, 2004.
    • Hughen, K. A., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Bertrand, C., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Burr, G., Cutler, K. B., Damon, P. E., Edwards, R. L., Fairbanks, R. G., Friedrich, M., Guilderson, T. P., Kromer, B., McCormac, F. G., Manning, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Reimer, P. J., Reimer, R. W., Remmele, S., Southon, J. R., Stuiver, M., Talamo, S., Taylor, F. W., Van Der Plicht, J., and Weyhenmeyer, C. E.: Marine04 Marine radiocarbon age calibration, 26-0 ka BP, Radiocarbon, 46, 1059-1086, 2004.
  • 28
    • 34248185321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diatom productivity in Northern Lake Malawi during the past 25 000 years: Implications for the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone at millennial and shorter time scales
    • Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Johnson, T. C., Brown, E. T., and McManus, J.: Diatom productivity in Northern Lake Malawi during the past 25 000 years: implications for the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone at millennial and shorter time scales, Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 93-116, 2004.
    • (2004) Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa , pp. 93-116
    • Johnson, T.C.1    Brown, E.T.2    McManus, J.3
  • 29
    • 0030616891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 on tropical African montane vegetation
    • 2 on tropical African montane vegetation, Science, 276, 786-788, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 786-788
    • Jolly, D.1    Haxeltine, A.2
  • 30
    • 0036182176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemi-spheric comparison of deglacial sea-surface temperature patterns in Atlantic eastern boundary currents
    • Kim, J.-H., Schneider, R. R., Müller, P. J., and Wefer, G: Interhemi-spheric comparison of deglacial sea-surface temperature patterns in Atlantic eastern boundary currents, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 194, 383-393, 2002.
    • (2002) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.194 , pp. 383-393
    • Kim, J.-H.1    Schneider, R.R.2    Müller, P.J.3    Wefer, G.4
  • 31
    • 0942267356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of SE trade-wind intensity based on sea-surface temperature gradients in the Southeast Atlantic over the last 25 kyr
    • Kim, J.-H., Schneider, R. R., Mulitza, S., and Müller, P. J.: Reconstruction of SE trade-wind intensity based on sea-surface temperature gradients in the Southeast Atlantic over the last 25 kyr, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2144-2147, 2003.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.30 , pp. 2144-2147
    • Kim, J.-H.1    Schneider, R.R.2    Mulitza, S.3    Müller, P.J.4
  • 32
    • 16444375906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of rapid sea-level rise on mangrove deposit erosion: Application of taraxerol and Rhizophora records
    • Kim, J.-H., Dupont, L. M., Behling, H., and Versteegh, G. J. M.: Impacts of rapid sea-level rise on mangrove deposit erosion: application of taraxerol and Rhizophora records, J. Quaternary Sci., 20, 221-225, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Quaternary Sci , vol.20 , pp. 221-225
    • Kim, J.-H.1    Dupont, L.M.2    Behling, H.3    Versteegh, G.J.M.4
  • 33
    • 33847199017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population density, structure and early growth characteristics of Tarchonanthus camphoratus ina woodland at Naivashe, Kenya
    • Kiruki, H. and Njung'e, J.: Population density, structure and early growth characteristics of Tarchonanthus camphoratus ina woodland at Naivashe, Kenya, Afr. J. Ecol., 45, 31-40, 2007.
    • (2007) Afr. J. Ecol , vol.45 , pp. 31-40
    • Kiruki, H.1    Njung'e, J.2
  • 34
    • 0002747231 scopus 로고
    • Die Pollenmorphologie der afrikanis-chen Buxus- und Notobuxus-Arten (Buxaceae) und ihre system-atische Bedeutung
    • Köhler, E. and Brückner, P.: Die Pollenmorphologie der afrikanis-chen Buxus- und Notobuxus-Arten (Buxaceae) und ihre system-atische Bedeutung, Grana, 21, 71-82, 1982.
    • (1982) Grana , vol.21 , pp. 71-82
    • Köhler, E.1    Brückner, P.2
  • 37
    • 27944433455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution pollen record from core KW31, Gulf of Guinea, documents the history of the lowland forests of West Equatorial Africa since 40 000 yr ago
    • Lezine, A.-M. and Cazet, J.-P: High-resolution pollen record from core KW31, Gulf of Guinea, documents the history of the lowland forests of West Equatorial Africa since 40 000 yr ago, Quaternary Res., 64,432-443, 2005.
    • (2005) Quaternary Res , vol.64 , pp. 432-443
    • Lezine, A.-M.1    Cazet, J.-P.2
  • 38
    • 0031955088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maley, J. and Brenac, P.: Vegetation dynamics, palaeoenvironments and climatic changes in the forests of western Cameroon during the last 28 000 years B.P, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 99, 157-187, 1998.
    • Maley, J. and Brenac, P.: Vegetation dynamics, palaeoenvironments and climatic changes in the forests of western Cameroon during the last 28 000 years B.P, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 99, 157-187, 1998.
  • 39
    • 3242737701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid environmental change in African and South American tropics around 4000 years before present: A review
    • Marchant, R. and Hooghiemstra, H.: Rapid environmental change in African and South American tropics around 4000 years before present: a review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 66, 217-260, 2004.
    • (2004) Earth-Sci. Rev , vol.66 , pp. 217-260
    • Marchant, R.1    Hooghiemstra, H.2
  • 40
    • 0035669648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated marine and terrestrial evidence for abrupt Congo River palaeodischarge fluctuations during the last deglaciation
    • Marret, F., Scourse, J., Versteegh, G., Jansen, J. H. F., and Schneider, R.: Integrated marine and terrestrial evidence for abrupt Congo River palaeodischarge fluctuations during the last deglaciation, J. Quaternary Sci., 16, 761-766, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Quaternary Sci , vol.16 , pp. 761-766
    • Marret, F.1    Scourse, J.2    Versteegh, G.3    Jansen, J.H.F.4    Schneider, R.5
  • 43
    • 0033694750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of rainfall variability over Africa on time scales of decades to millennia
    • Nicholson, S. E.: The nature of rainfall variability over Africa on time scales of decades to millennia, Global Planet. Change, 26, 137-158, 2000.
    • (2000) Global Planet. Change , vol.26 , pp. 137-158
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 44
    • 0142098709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea surface temperatures in the equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum (23-19 ka)
    • Niebler, H. S., Arz, H. W., Donner, B., Mulitza, S., Pätzold, J., and Wefer, G.: Sea surface temperatures in the equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum (23-19 ka), Paleoceanography, 18, 1069-1080,2003.
    • (2003) Paleoceanography , vol.18 , pp. 1069-1080
    • Niebler, H.S.1    Arz, H.W.2    Donner, B.3    Mulitza, S.4    Pätzold, J.5    Wefer, G.6
  • 45
    • 85036930725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palgrave, K. C: Trees of Southern Africa, 3rd Ed., revised and updated, Struik, Cape Town, South Africa, 2002.
    • Palgrave, K. C: Trees of Southern Africa, 3rd Ed., revised and updated, Struik, Cape Town, South Africa, 2002.
  • 46
    • 33751010043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global glacial ice volume and Last Glacial Maximum duration from an extended Barbados sea level record
    • Peltier, W. R. and Fairbanks, R. G.: Global glacial ice volume and Last Glacial Maximum duration from an extended Barbados sea level record, Quaternary Sci. Rev, 25, 3322-3337,2006.
    • (2006) Quaternary Sci. Rev , vol.25 , pp. 3322-3337
    • Peltier, W.R.1    Fairbanks, R.G.2
  • 47
    • 0001839451 scopus 로고
    • Upper-level circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean
    • Peterson, R. G. and Stramma, L.: Upper-level circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 26, 1-73, 1991.
    • (1991) Prog. Oceanogr , vol.26 , pp. 1-73
    • Peterson, R.G.1    Stramma, L.2
  • 48
    • 0023495920 scopus 로고
    • Calibration of unsaturation patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for paleotemperature assessment
    • Prahl, F. G. and Wakeham, S. G.: Calibration of unsaturation patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for paleotemperature assessment, Nature, 330, 367-369, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.330 , pp. 367-369
    • Prahl, F.G.1    Wakeham, S.G.2
  • 49
    • 0024257153 scopus 로고
    • Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions
    • Prahl, F. G., Muehlhausen, L. A., and Zahnle, D. L.: Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 5,2303-2310, 1988.
    • (1988) Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac , vol.5 , pp. 2303-2310
    • Prahl, F.G.1    Muehlhausen, L.A.2    Zahnle, D.L.3
  • 51
    • 18344412216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruhlemann, C, Mulitza, S., Lohmann, G., Paul, A., Prange, M., and Wefer, G.: Intermediate-depth warming in the tropical Atlantic related to weakened thermohaline circulation: Combining paleoclimate and modeling results for the last deglaciation, Pale-oceanography, 19, PA1025, 1-10, 2004.
    • Ruhlemann, C, Mulitza, S., Lohmann, G., Paul, A., Prange, M., and Wefer, G.: Intermediate-depth warming in the tropical Atlantic related to weakened thermohaline circulation: Combining paleoclimate and modeling results for the last deglaciation, Pale-oceanography, 19, PA1025, 1-10, 2004.
  • 52
    • 27144524113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate controls on central African hydrology during the past 20 000 years
    • Schefuss, E., Schouten, S., and Schneider, R. R.: Climate controls on central African hydrology during the past 20 000 years, Nature, 437, 1003-1006, 2005.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Schefuss, E.1    Schouten, S.2    Schneider, R.R.3
  • 55
    • 0031468956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monsoon related variations in Zaire (Congo) sediments load and influence of fluvial silicate supply on marine productivity in the east equatorial Atlantic
    • Schneider, R. R., Price, B., Müller, P.J, Kroon, D., and Alexander, I.: Monsoon related variations in Zaire (Congo) sediments load and influence of fluvial silicate supply on marine productivity in the east equatorial Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 12, 463-481, 1997.
    • (1997) Paleoceanography , vol.12 , pp. 463-481
    • Schneider, R.R.1    Price, B.2    Müller, P.J.3    Kroon, D.4    Alexander, I.5
  • 56
    • 0020470424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scott, L.: Late Quaternary fossil pollen grains from the Transvaal, South Africa, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 36, 241-278, 1982a.
    • Scott, L.: Late Quaternary fossil pollen grains from the Transvaal, South Africa, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 36, 241-278, 1982a.
  • 57
    • 0020418383 scopus 로고
    • A late Quaternary pollen record fromTransvaal bushveld, South Africa
    • Scott, L.: A late Quaternary pollen record fromTransvaal bushveld, South Africa, Quaternary Res., 17, 339-370, 1982b.
    • (1982) Quaternary Res , vol.17 , pp. 339-370
    • Scott, L.1
  • 59
    • 0029431670 scopus 로고
    • Palaeoenvironmen-tal conditions in South Africa at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition
    • Scott, L., Steenkamp, M., and Beaumont, P. B.: Palaeoenvironmen-tal conditions in South Africa at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 14, 937-947, 1995.
    • (1995) Quaternary Sci. Rev , vol.14 , pp. 937-947
    • Scott, L.1    Steenkamp, M.2    Beaumont, P.B.3
  • 61
    • 21744438876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and climate history of SW Africa: A marine palynological record of the last 300 000 years
    • Shi, N. and Dupont, L. M.: Vegetation and climate history of SW Africa: a marine palynological record of the last 300 000 years, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 6, 117-131, 1997.
    • (1997) Veg. Hist. Archaeobot , vol.6 , pp. 117-131
    • Shi, N.1    Dupont, L.M.2
  • 62
    • 0033872907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between vegetation in southwestern Africa and oceanic up-welling in the past 21 000 years
    • Shi, N., Dupont, L. M., Beug, H.-J., and Schneider, R.: Correlation between vegetation in southwestern Africa and oceanic up-welling in the past 21 000 years, Quaternary Res., 54, 72-80, 2000.
    • (2000) Quaternary Res , vol.54 , pp. 72-80
    • Shi, N.1    Dupont, L.M.2    Beug, H.-J.3    Schneider, R.4
  • 63
    • 0000571522 scopus 로고
    • Pollen grains of Nigerian plants I, Woody species
    • Sowunmi, M. A.: Pollen grains of Nigerian plants I, Woody species, Grana, 13, 145-186, 1973.
    • (1973) Grana , vol.13 , pp. 145-186
    • Sowunmi, M.A.1
  • 64
    • 0029165669 scopus 로고
    • Pollen of Nigerian plants II, Woody species
    • Sowunmi, M. A.: Pollen of Nigerian plants II, Woody species, Grana, 34, 39-44, 1995.
    • (1995) Grana , vol.34 , pp. 39-44
    • Sowunmi, M.A.1
  • 66
    • 0027464565 scopus 로고
    • Extended 14C database and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program
    • Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J.: Extended 14C database and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program, Radiocarbon, 35, 215-230, 1993.
    • (1993) Radiocarbon , vol.35 , pp. 215-230
    • Stuiver, M.1    Reimer, P.J.2
  • 69
    • 28444485381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vincens, A., Buchet, G., Williamson, D., and Taieb, M.: A 23 000 yr pollen record from Lake Rukwa (8° S, SW Tanzania): New data on vegetation dynamics and climate in Central Eastern Africa, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 137, 147-162, 2005.
    • Vincens, A., Buchet, G., Williamson, D., and Taieb, M.: A 23 000 yr pollen record from Lake Rukwa (8° S, SW Tanzania): New data on vegetation dynamics and climate in Central Eastern Africa, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 137, 147-162, 2005.
  • 70
    • 34250715987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of rainfall sea-sonality on African lowland vegetation during the Late Quaternary: Pollen evidence from Lake Masoko, Tanzania
    • Vincens, A., Garcin, Y., and Buchet, G.: Influence of rainfall sea-sonality on African lowland vegetation during the Late Quaternary: pollen evidence from Lake Masoko, Tanzania, J. Biogeogr., 34, 1274-1288, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Biogeogr , vol.34 , pp. 1274-1288
    • Vincens, A.1    Garcin, Y.2    Buchet, G.3
  • 71
    • 34249881929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 155 000 Years of West African Monsoon and Ocean Thermal Evolution
    • Weldeab, S., Lea, D. W., Schneider, R. R. and Andersen, N.: 155 000 Years of West African Monsoon and Ocean Thermal Evolution, Science, 316, 1303-1307, 2007.
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 1303-1307
    • Weldeab, S.1    Lea, D.W.2    Schneider, R.R.3    Andersen, N.4
  • 72
    • 39549107933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weldeab, S., Lea, D. W., Schneider, R. R., and Andersen, N.: Centennial scale climate instabilities in a wet early Holocene West African monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24702, 1-6, 2007.
    • Weldeab, S., Lea, D. W., Schneider, R. R., and Andersen, N.: Centennial scale climate instabilities in a wet early Holocene West African monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24702, 1-6, 2007.
  • 73
    • 85036942417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wefer, G., Berger, W. H., Richter, C., and Shipboard Scientific Party: Proceedings Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 175, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station TX, 1998.
    • Wefer, G., Berger, W. H., Richter, C., and Shipboard Scientific Party: Proceedings Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 175, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station TX, 1998.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.