Pathophysiologic basis of the treatment of neurogenic pain;Patofiziološke osnove liječenja neurogene boli

Acta Medica Croatica

Volumn 58, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 197-205

  Planjar Prvan, Miljenka ^a,c   Bielen, Ivan ^a   Baraba, Ranka ^a   Buljan, Radmila ^b  

^a Sveti Duh General Hospital   (Croatia)

^b University of Zagreb   (Croatia)

^c Zavod za Neurologiju Opce B   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Neuropathic pain; Pathophysiologic mechanisms; Therapy

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BACLOFEN; CARBAMAZEPINE; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; GABAPENTIN; GUANETHIDINE; IMIPRAMINE; LAMOTRIGINE; LIDOCAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MAPROTILINE; MEMANTINE; MEXILETINE; NORTRIPTYLINE; OPIATE; PAROXETINE; PHENTOLAMINE; PHENYTOIN; RESERPINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TRAMADOL; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ALLODYNIA; ANALGESIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CLINICAL FEATURE; HYPERALGESIA; INFLAMMATION; NERVE CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; NOCICEPTIVE RECEPTOR; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; REVIEW; SENSITIZATION; SENSORY DYSFUNCTION; SYMPATHETIC TONE; SYNAPSE; ANIMAL; HUMAN; PAIN; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; PAIN; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES;

EID: 4644254120     PISSN: 13300164     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. International Association for the Study od Pain Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Classification of chronic pain. Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Pain 1986; 3: 226.
2. Mersky H, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain. 2nd Ed. Seattle: IASP Press 1994, 209-14.
3. Serra J. Overview of neuropathic pain syndromes. Acta Neurol Scand 1999; 173: 7-11.
4. Boas RA, Covino BG, Shahwarian A. Analgesic response to i. v. lignocaine. Br J Anesth 1982; 54: 501.
5. McQuay HJ Neuropathic pain: evidence matters. Eur J Pain 2002; 6A: 11-8.
6. Bennett GJ. Animal models of neuropathic pain. U: Gebhardt GF, Hammond DL, Jensen TS, ur. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Pain, Vol 2. Seattle, WA: IASP Press, 1994b, 495-510.
7. Woolf CJ, Mannion RJ. Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms and management. Lancet 1999; 353: 1959-64.
8. Baron R. Peripheral neuropathic pain: from mechanisms to symptoms. Clin J Pain 2000; 16: 12-20.
9. Zurak N. Neurogena bol. Medicus 1999; 8: 23-7.
10. Woolf CJ, Doubell TP. The pathophysiology of chronic pain-increased sensitivity to low threshold A-fibre inputs. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1994; 4: 525-8.
11. Mitchell W. Injuries of nerves and their consequences. American Academy of Neurology Reprints Series. New York: Dover Publications, 1965.
12. Ochoa JL. Essence, investigation and management of » neuropathic« pains: hopes from acknowledgement of chaos. Muscle Nerve 1993; 16: 997-1062.
13. Woolf CJ. Mechanism-based evaluation of neuropathic pain. ICSS 2000; 248: 23-32.
14. Tjolsen A, Berge OG, Hunskaar S, Rosland JH, Hole K The formalin test: an evaluation of the method. Pain 1992; 51: 5-17.
15. Winter CA, Flataker L. Reaction thresholds to pressure in oedematous hind paw of rats: response to analgesic drugs. J Pharmacol. Exp Ther 1965; 148: 373-9.
16. Kayser V, Guilbaud G. Local and remote modifications of nociceptive sensitivity during carrageenan-induced inflammation in the rat. Pain 1987; 28: 99-108.
17. Hargreaves K, Dubner R, Brown F, Flores C, Joris J. A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain 1988; 32: 77-88.
18. Sluka KA, Willis WD, Westlund KN. Joint inflammation and hyperalgesia are reduced by spinal bicuculline. Neuroreport 1993; 5: 109-12.
19. Lu Y, Westlund KN. Gabapentin attenuates nociceptive behaviors in an acute arthritis model in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 209: 214-9.
20. Brennan TJ, Vandermeulen EP, Gebhart GF. Characterisation of a rat model of incisional pain. Pain 1996; 64: 493-501
21. Kim SH, Chung JM. An experimental model of peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation. Pain 1992; 50: 355-63.
22. Leem JW, Willis WD, Chung JM. Cutaneous sensory receptors in the rat foot. J Neurophysiol 1993: 69: 1684-99.
23. Chapman V, Suzuki R, Chamarette HL, Rygh Lj, Dickenson AH. Effects of systemic carbamazepine and gabapentin on spinal neuronal responses in spinal nerve ligated rats. Pain 1998; 75: 61-272.
24. Bennett GJ, Xie Y-K. A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain 1988; 33: 87-107.
25. Seltze Z, Dubner R, Shir Y. A novel behavioral model of neurophatic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury. Pain 1990; 43: 205-18.
26. Watson BD, Prado R, Dietrich WD. Photochemically induced spinal cord injury in the rat. Brain Res 1986; 367: 296-300.
27. Malmberg AB, Yaksh TL. Hyperalgesia mediated by spinal glutamate or substance P-receptor blocked by spinal cyclooxygenase inhibition. Science 1992; 257: 1276-9.
28. Finlayson R, Ritchie J, Henry JL. Gabapentin in anti-hyperalgesic but not antinociceptive at the spinal level in the rat. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1997; 23: 1812.
29. Courteix C, Eschalier A, Lavarenne J. Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats: behavioural evidence for a model of chronic pain. Pain 1993; 53: 81-8.
30. Calcutt NA, Chaplan SR. Spinal pharmacology of tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122: 1478-82.
31. Lundberg LER, Jorum E, Holm E, Torebjork HE. Intraneural electrical stimulation of cutaneous nociceptive fibers in humans: effects of different pulse patterns on magnitude of pain. Acta Physiol Scand 1992; 146: 41-8.
32. Cline MA, Ochoa J, Torebjork HE. Chronic hyperalgesia and skin warming caused by sensitised C nociceptors. Brain 1989; 112: 621-47.
33. Rowbotham MC, Davies PS, Fields HL. Topical lidocaine gel relives postherpetic neuralgia. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 246-53.
34. The Capsaicin Study Group. Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy with topical capsaicin. A multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 2225-9.
35. Granit R, Leksell L, Skoglund CR. Fibre interaction in injured or compressed region of nerve. Brain 1944; 67: 125.
36. Lisney SJW, Devor M. Afterdischarge and interactions among fibers in damaged peripheral nerve in the rat. Brain Res 1987; 415: 122-36.
37. Seltzer Z, Devor M. Ephaptic transmission in chronically damaged peripheral nerves. Neurology 1979; 29: 1061-4.
38. Dyck PJ, Lambert EH, OBrien P. Pain in peripheral neuropathy related to rate and kind of fiber degeneration. Neurology 1976; 28: 466-71.
39. Lu X, Richardson PM. Responses of macrophages in rat dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury. J Neurocytol 1993; 22: 334-41.
40. Matzner O, Devor M. Hyperexcitability at sites of nerve injury depends on voltage-sensitive Na+ channels. J Neurophysiol 1994; 72: 349-59.
41. Jensen TS. Anticonvulsants in neuropathic pain: rationale and clinical evidence. Eur J Pain; 2002; 6A: 61-8.
42. Janig W, McLachlan EM. The role of modification in noradrenergic peripheral pathways after nerve lesions in the generation of pain. U: Fields HL, Liebeskind JC, ur. Progress in pain research and management, vol 1. Seattle: IASP Press, 1994, 101-28.
43. Choi B, Rowbotham MC. Effect of adrenergic receptor activation on post-herpetic neuralgia pain and sensory disturbances. Pain 1997; 69: 55-63.
44. Suzuki R, Kontinen V, Matthews E, Dickenson A. Enlargement of receptive field size to low intensity mechanical stimulation in the rat spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2000; 163: 408-13.
45. Lenz FA, Gracely RH, Baker FH, Richardson RT, Dougherty PM. Reorganisation of sensory modalities evoked by microstimulation in region of the thalamic principal sensory nucleus in patient with pain due to nervous system injury. J Compar Neurol 1998; 399: 125-38.
46. Woolf CJ, Shortland P, Coggeshalll RE. Peripheral nerve injury triggers central sprouting of myelinated afferents. Nature 1992; 355: 75-8.
47. Koerber HR, Mimics K, Brown PB, Mendell LM. Central sprouting and functional plasticity of regenerated primary afferents. J Neurosci 1994; 14: 3655-71.
48. Dougherty PM, Palecek J, Paleckova V, Sorkin LS, Willis WD. The role of NMDA and non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptors in the excitation of primate spinothalamic tract neurons by mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical stimuli. J Neurosci 1992; 12: 3025-41.
49. Levine JD, Fields HL, Basbaun AI. Peptides and the primary afferent nociceptor. J Neurosci 1993; 13: 2273-86.
50. Ryu PD, Gerber G, Murase K, Randic M. Actions of calcitonin-related peptide on rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. Brain Res 1988; 441: 357-61.
51. Dickenson AH, Chapman V, Green GM. The pharmacology of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid-mediated events in the transmission and modulation of pain in the spinal cord. Gen Pharmacol 1997; 28: 633-8.
52. Anand P. Nerve growth factor regulates nociception in human health and disease. Brit J Anaesth 1995; 75: 201-208
53. Petty BG, Comblath DR, Adomato BT i sur. The effect of systemically administered recombinant human nerve growth factor in healthy human subjects. Ann Neurol 1994; 36: 244-246.
54. Anand P, Pandya S, Ladiwala U, Singhal B, Sinicropi DV, Williams-Chestnut RE. Depletion of nerve growth factor in leprosy. Lancet 1994; 344: 129-130
55. Woolf CJ, Thompson SWN. The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on NMDA receptor activation: implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states. Pain 1991; 44: 293-9.
56. Takaishi K, Eisele JH. Carstens E. Behavioral and electrophysiological assessment of hyperalgesia and changes in dorsal horn responses following partial sciatic nerve ligation in rats. Pain 1996; 66: 297-306.
57. Harris JA, Corsi M, Quartaroli M, Arban R, Bentivoglio M. Upregulation of spinal glutamate receptors in chronic pain. Neuroscience 1996; 74: 7-12.
58. Ma W, Bisby MA. Partial and complete sciatic nerve injuries induce similar increases of neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivities in primary sensory neurons and their central projections. Neuroscience 1998; 86: 1217-34.
59. Willar MJ, Cortes R, Theodorsson E i sur. Neuropeptide expression in rat dorsal root ganglion cells and spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury with special reference to galanin. Neuroscience 1989; 33: 587-604.
60. Dickenson AH. Spinal cord pharmacology of pain. Br J Anesth 1995; 75: 193-200.
61. Suzuki R, Matthews E, Dickenson A. Comparison of the effects of MK-801, ketamine and memantine on responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons in a rat model of mononeuropathy. Pain 2001a; 91: 101-9.
62. Carpenter KJ, Dickenson AH. Amino acids are still as exciting as ever. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2001; 1: 57-61.
63. Arner S, Meyerson BA. Lack of analgesic effect of opioides on neuropathic and idiopathic forms of pain. Pain 1988; 33: 11-23.
64. Portenoy RK, Foley KM, Inturrisi CE. The nature of opioid responsivenesss and its implications for neuropathic pain: new hypotheses derived from studies of opioid infusions. Pain 1990; 43: 273-86.
65. Rowbotham MC, Reisner LM, Fields HL. Both intravenous lidocaine and morphine reduce the pain of post-herpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1991; 41: 1024-8.
66. Jadd AR, Carroll D, Glynn Cj, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Morphine responsiveness of chronic pain: double-blind randomized crossover study with patient-controlled analgesia. Lancet 1992; 339: 1367-71.
67. Dickenson AH, Suzuki R. Function and dysfunction of opioid receptors in the spinal cord. U: Kalso E, McQuay HJ, Weisenfeld-Hallin Z, ur. Opioid sensitivity of chronic non-cancer pain. Seattle: IASP Press, 1999, 17-44.
68. Cervero F, Iggo A. The supstantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. A critical review. Brain 1980; 103: 717-72.
69. Sindrup SH, Jensen TS. Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: an update and effect related to mechanism of drug action. Pain 1999; 83: 389-400.
70. McQuay HJ, Tramer M, Nye BA i sur. A systematic review of antidepressants in neuropathic pain. Pain 1996; 68: 217-27.
71. Nicholson B. Clinical use of antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of neuropathic pain. ICSS 2000; 248: 33-41.
72. Magoul R, Onteniente B, Geffard M, Calas A. Anatomical distribution and ultrastructural organization of the GABAergic system in the rat spinal cord. An immunocytochemical study using anti-GABA antibodies. Neurosci 1987; 20: 1001-9.
73. Bowery NG, Hudson AL, Price GW. GABAA and GABAB receptor site distribution in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 1987; 20: 365-83.
74. Davar G, Maciewicz RJ. Deafferentiation pain syndromes. Neurol Clin 1989; 7: 289-304.