Exergy analysis of freeze drying of pharmaceuticals in vials on trays

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Volumn 51, Issue 15-16, 2008, Pages 3854-3868

  Liapis, A I ^a   Bruttini, R ^b  

^a Architectural and Environmental Engineering   (United States)

^b Criofarma Freeze Drying Equipment   (Italy)

Author keywords

Exergy analysis; Exergy distribution; Exergy inputs; Exergy losses; Freeze drying; Lyophilization

Indexed keywords

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN; BIOCONVERSION; COMPUTER NETWORKS; CONDENSERS (LIQUEFIERS); CURING; DRYING; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENERGY UTILIZATION; EXERGY; GRADIENT METHODS; INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS; INFORMATION SYSTEMS; MASS TRANSFER; OFFSHORE OIL WELL PRODUCTION; PROCESS CONTROL; PUMPS; STAGES; VACUUM; VACUUM PUMPS; VACUUM TECHNOLOGY; VAPORS; WATER ANALYSIS;

(E ,3E) PROCESS; CONTROL VARIABLES; ELSEVIER (CO); EXERGY ANALYSIS; EXERGY LOSSES; FREEZE DRYING; GRADIENT OF TEMPERATURE; HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (HMT); OPERATIONAL CONTROL; PUMP SYSTEMS; SECONDARY DRYING;

WATER VAPOR;

EID: 45449097661     PISSN: 00179310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.11.048     Document Type: Article

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