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Volumn 130, Issue 23, 2008, Pages 7328-7338

Diastereoselective nickel-catalyzed reductive Aldol cyclizations using diethylzinc as the stoichiometric reductant: Scope and mechanistic insight

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NICKEL;

EID: 44949127247     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja0775624     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (71)
  • 22
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    • The Zhou and Tamaru groups have reported isolated examples of both inter- and intramolecular reductive couplings of dienyl esters with aldehydes, where coupling occurred α to the ester carbonyl. However, it is the diene functionalities of these substrates that are essential for reaction to proceed, rather than the α,β-unsaturated ester. See refs 1c, 1f, and 1q
    • The Zhou and Tamaru groups have reported isolated examples of both inter- and intramolecular reductive couplings of dienyl esters with aldehydes, where coupling occurred α to the ester carbonyl. However, it is the diene functionalities of these substrates that are essential for reaction to proceed, rather than the α,β-unsaturated ester. See refs 1c, 1f, and 1q.
  • 24
    • 0000191874 scopus 로고
    • For a seminal reference, see: a
    • For a seminal reference, see: (a) Revis, A.; Hilty, T. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 4809-4812.
    • (1987) Tetrahedron Lett , vol.28 , pp. 4809-4812
    • Revis, A.1    Hilty, T.K.2
  • 25
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    • For an extensive collection of reports of catalytic reductive aldol reactions, see references cited within: b
    • For an extensive collection of reports of catalytic reductive aldol reactions, see references cited within: (b) Ngai, M.-Y.; Kong, J.-R.; Krische, M. J. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 72, 1063-1072.
    • (2006) J. Org. Chem , vol.72 , pp. 1063-1072
    • Ngai, M.-Y.1    Kong, J.-R.2    Krische, M.J.3
  • 26
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    • For relevant reviews, see; c
    • For relevant reviews, see; (c) Nishiyama, H.; Shiomi, T. Top. Curr. Chem. 2007, 279, 105-137.
    • (2007) Top. Curr. Chem , vol.279 , pp. 105-137
    • Nishiyama, H.1    Shiomi, T.2
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    • (g) Chiu, P. Synthesis 2004, 2210-2215.
    • (2004) Synthesis , pp. 2210-2215
    • Chiu, P.1
  • 33
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    • For infermolecular variants of these reactions, see
    • For infermolecular variants of these reactions, see: Lumby, R. J. R.; Joensuu, P. M.; Lam, H. W. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 4367-4370.
    • (2007) Org. Lett , vol.9 , pp. 4367-4370
    • Lumby, R.J.R.1    Joensuu, P.M.2    Lam, H.W.3
  • 34
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    • The products 4a, 4b, 4d, 4e, 4g, 4i, 4j, 41, and 4m have been described previously see ref 6, Product 4h has been described previously: Lam, H. W, Murray, G. J, Firth, J. D. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 5743-5746. The relative stereochemistries of the remaining products in Table 1 were assigned by analogy
    • The products 4a, 4b, 4d, 4e, 4g, 4i, 4j, 41, and 4m have been described previously (see ref 6). Product 4h has been described previously: Lam, H. W.; Murray, G. J.; Firth, J. D. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 5743-5746. The relative stereochemistries of the remaining products in Table 1 were assigned by analogy
  • 35
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    • For examples of alkylative aldol cyclizations (sequential 1,4-conjugate addition-intramolecular aldol reactions, see: (a) Caube, D. F, Gipson, J. D, Krische, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 1110-1111
    • For examples of alkylative aldol cyclizations (sequential 1,4-conjugate addition-intramolecular aldol reactions), see: (a) Caube, D. F.; Gipson, J. D.; Krische, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 1110-1111.
  • 38
    • 25444446131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compare with results obtained using copper bisphosphine catalysts in conjunction with siloxane reductants: Lam, H. W, Joensuu, P. M. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4225-4228
    • Compare with results obtained using copper bisphosphine catalysts in conjunction with siloxane reductants: Lam, H. W.; Joensuu, P. M. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4225-4228.
  • 39
    • 44949249443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The products 21a-21d have been described previously see ref 10, and the relative stereochemistries of the remaining products in Table 2 were assigned by analogy
    • The products 21a-21d have been described previously (see ref 10), and the relative stereochemistries of the remaining products in Table 2 were assigned by analogy.
  • 48
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    • A more detailed discussion of the putative conversion of intermediates of general structure 31 into zinc enolates is provided in the discussion of reaction mechanism (see Scheme 12).
    • A more detailed discussion of the putative conversion of intermediates of general structure 31 into zinc enolates is provided in the discussion of reaction mechanism (see Scheme 12).
  • 49
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    • Zimmerman, H. E.; Traxler, M.; D, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1920-1923.
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  • 50
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    • Conjugate reductions of sterically hindered di- and trisubstituted enones in low yields have been observed previously in attempted conjugate addition reactions using Ni(acac)2/Et2Zn. See: (a) Chaloner, P. A, Hitchcock, P. B, Langadianou, E, Readney, M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 6037-6038
    • 2Zn. See: (a) Chaloner, P. A.; Hitchcock, P. B.; Langadianou, E.; Readney, M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 6037-6038.
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    • 2Zn-mediated conjugate reductions of α,β-unsaturated amides.
    • 2Zn-mediated conjugate reductions of α,β-unsaturated amides.
  • 55
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    • The cyclization of 39 using Me3Al (2 equiv) in place of Et2Zn also resulted in the formation of 49 in ca. 80% conversion. Montgomery and co-workers have shown that bisenone substrates tethered through their β-carbons undergo nickel-catalyzed reductive cyclizations in the presence of organozincs lacking β-hydrogens. See ref 1t
    • 2Zn also resulted in the formation of 49 in ca. 80% conversion. Montgomery and co-workers have shown that bisenone substrates tethered through their β-carbons undergo nickel-catalyzed reductive cyclizations in the presence of organozincs lacking β-hydrogens. See ref 1t.
  • 56
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    • See the Supporting Information for details
    • See the Supporting Information for details.
  • 57
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    • Purification of the product of the reaction depicted in eq 19 by column chromatography gave 56a/56b in a 1:1.5 ratio (relative stereochemistries of major and minor isomers not assigned).
    • Purification of the product of the reaction depicted in eq 19 by column chromatography gave 56a/56b in a 1:1.5 ratio (relative stereochemistries of major and minor isomers not assigned).
  • 59
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    • 1H NMR spectra. See: (a) Pederson, B. F.; Pederson, B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1965, 6, 2995-3001.
    • 1H NMR spectra. See: (a) Pederson, B. F.; Pederson, B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1965, 6, 2995-3001.
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    • For relevant examples involving Ni(0)-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Hirano, K. Yorimitsu, H. Oshima, K. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 5031-5033.
    • For relevant examples involving Ni(0)-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Hirano, K. Yorimitsu, H. Oshima, K. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 5031-5033.
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    • Ikeda, S.-i. Sato, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5975-5976. See also ref 2.
    • (d) Ikeda, S.-i. Sato, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5975-5976. See also ref 2.


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