Enones as latent enolates in catalytic processes: Catalytic cycloreduction, cycloaddition and cycloisomerization

Synlett

Volumn , Issue 1, 2003, Pages 12-21

  Huddleston, Ryan R ^a   Krische, Michael J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Aldol; Cycloaddition; Cycloisomerization; Enones; Latent enolates; Michael reaction

Indexed keywords

COBALT COMPLEX; METAL COMPLEX; PHOSPHINE DERIVATIVE; SILANE;

ALDOL REACTION; ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CYCLIZATION; ISOMERISM; SYNTHESIS;

EID: 0037243649     PISSN: 09365214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (117)

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2. For selected reviews on the aldol reaction see: (a) Palomo, C.; Oiarbide, M.; Garcia, J. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8, 37. (b) Machajewski, T. D.; Wong, C.-H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1353. (c) Denmark, S. E.; Stavenger, R. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 432. (d) Nelson, S. G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 357. (e) Carreira, E. M. In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Vol. III; Jacobsen, E. N.; Pfaltz, A.; Yamamoto, H., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1999, 1. (f) Braun, M. In Stereoselective Synthesis Methods of Organic Chemistry, Houben-Weyl E2l, Vol. 3; Helmchen, G.; Hoffmann, R.; Mulzer, J.; Schaumann, E., Eds.; Thieme: Stuttgart, 1996, 1603.
3. For selected reviews on the aldol reaction see: (a) Palomo, C.; Oiarbide, M.; Garcia, J. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8, 37. (b) Machajewski, T. D.; Wong, C.-H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1353. (c) Denmark, S. E.; Stavenger, R. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 432. (d) Nelson, S. G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 357. (e) Carreira, E. M. In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Vol. III; Jacobsen, E. N.; Pfaltz, A.; Yamamoto, H., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1999, 1. (f) Braun, M. In Stereoselective Synthesis Methods of Organic Chemistry, Houben-Weyl E2l, Vol. 3; Helmchen, G.; Hoffmann, R.; Mulzer, J.; Schaumann, E., Eds.; Thieme: Stuttgart, 1996, 1603.
4. For selected reviews on the aldol reaction see: (a) Palomo, C.; Oiarbide, M.; Garcia, J. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8, 37. (b) Machajewski, T. D.; Wong, C.-H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1353. (c) Denmark, S. E.; Stavenger, R. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 432. (d) Nelson, S. G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 357. (e) Carreira, E. M. In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Vol. III; Jacobsen, E. N.; Pfaltz, A.; Yamamoto, H., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1999, 1. (f) Braun, M. In Stereoselective Synthesis Methods of Organic Chemistry, Houben-Weyl E2l, Vol. 3; Helmchen, G.; Hoffmann, R.; Mulzer, J.; Schaumann, E., Eds.; Thieme: Stuttgart, 1996, 1603.
5. For selected reviews on the aldol reaction see: (a) Palomo, C.; Oiarbide, M.; Garcia, J. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8, 37. (b) Machajewski, T. D.; Wong, C.-H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1353. (c) Denmark, S. E.; Stavenger, R. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 432. (d) Nelson, S. G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 357. (e) Carreira, E. M. In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Vol. III; Jacobsen, E. N.; Pfaltz, A.; Yamamoto, H., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1999, 1. (f) Braun, M. In Stereoselective Synthesis Methods of Organic Chemistry, Houben-Weyl E2l, Vol. 3; Helmchen, G.; Hoffmann, R.; Mulzer, J.; Schaumann, E., Eds.; Thieme: Stuttgart, 1996, 1603.
6. For selected reviews on the aldol reaction see: (a) Palomo, C.; Oiarbide, M.; Garcia, J. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8, 37. (b) Machajewski, T. D.; Wong, C.-H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1353. (c) Denmark, S. E.; Stavenger, R. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 432. (d) Nelson, S. G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 357. (e) Carreira, E. M. In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Vol. III; Jacobsen, E. N.; Pfaltz, A.; Yamamoto, H., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1999, 1. (f) Braun, M. In Stereoselective Synthesis Methods of Organic Chemistry, Houben-Weyl E2l, Vol. 3; Helmchen, G.; Hoffmann, R.; Mulzer, J.; Schaumann, E., Eds.; Thieme: Stuttgart, 1996, 1603.
7. For selected reviews on the Michael reaction see: (a) Krause, N.; Hoffmann-Roder, A. Synthesis 2001, 2, 171. (b) Gorobets, E. V.; Miftakhov, M. S.; Valeev, F. A. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2000, 69, 1001. (c) Johnson, J. S.; Evans, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 325. (d) Shibasaki, M.; Sasai, H. Top. Stereochem. 1999, 22, 201. (e) Christoffers, J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 7, 1259. (f) Krause, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 283.
8. For selected reviews on the Michael reaction see: (a) Krause, N.; Hoffmann-Roder, A. Synthesis 2001, 2, 171. (b) Gorobets, E. V.; Miftakhov, M. S.; Valeev, F. A. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2000, 69, 1001. (c) Johnson, J. S.; Evans, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 325. (d) Shibasaki, M.; Sasai, H. Top. Stereochem. 1999, 22, 201. (e) Christoffers, J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 7, 1259. (f) Krause, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 283.
9. For selected reviews on the Michael reaction see: (a) Krause, N.; Hoffmann-Roder, A. Synthesis 2001, 2, 171. (b) Gorobets, E. V.; Miftakhov, M. S.; Valeev, F. A. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2000, 69, 1001. (c) Johnson, J. S.; Evans, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 325. (d) Shibasaki, M.; Sasai, H. Top. Stereochem. 1999, 22, 201. (e) Christoffers, J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 7, 1259. (f) Krause, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 283.
10. For selected reviews on the Michael reaction see: (a) Krause, N.; Hoffmann-Roder, A. Synthesis 2001, 2, 171. (b) Gorobets, E. V.; Miftakhov, M. S.; Valeev, F. A. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2000, 69, 1001. (c) Johnson, J. S.; Evans, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 325. (d) Shibasaki, M.; Sasai, H. Top. Stereochem. 1999, 22, 201. (e) Christoffers, J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 7, 1259. (f) Krause, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 283.
11. For selected reviews on the Michael reaction see: (a) Krause, N.; Hoffmann-Roder, A. Synthesis 2001, 2, 171. (b) Gorobets, E. V.; Miftakhov, M. S.; Valeev, F. A. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2000, 69, 1001. (c) Johnson, J. S.; Evans, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 325. (d) Shibasaki, M.; Sasai, H. Top. Stereochem. 1999, 22, 201. (e) Christoffers, J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 7, 1259. (f) Krause, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 283.
12. For selected reviews on the Michael reaction see: (a) Krause, N.; Hoffmann-Roder, A. Synthesis 2001, 2, 171. (b) Gorobets, E. V.; Miftakhov, M. S.; Valeev, F. A. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2000, 69, 1001. (c) Johnson, J. S.; Evans, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 325. (d) Shibasaki, M.; Sasai, H. Top. Stereochem. 1999, 22, 201. (e) Christoffers, J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 7, 1259. (f) Krause, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 283.
13. For selected examples of the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction see: (a) Nakagawa, M.; Nakao, H.; Watanabe, K. Chem. Lett. 1985, 391. (b) Yamada, Y. M. A.; Yoshikawa, N.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997, 36, 1871. (c) Yoshikawa, N.; Yamada, Y. M. A.; Das, J.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4168. (d) List, B.; Lerner, R. A.; Barbas, C. F. III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2395. (e) Trost, B. M.; Ito, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12003. (f) Yoshikawa, N.; Kumagai, N.; Matsunaga, S.; Moll, G.; Ohshima, T.; Suzuki, T.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2466.
14. For selected examples of the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction see: (a) Nakagawa, M.; Nakao, H.; Watanabe, K. Chem. Lett. 1985, 391. (b) Yamada, Y. M. A.; Yoshikawa, N.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997, 36, 1871. (c) Yoshikawa, N.; Yamada, Y. M. A.; Das, J.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4168. (d) List, B.; Lerner, R. A.; Barbas, C. F. III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2395. (e) Trost, B. M.; Ito, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12003. (f) Yoshikawa, N.; Kumagai, N.; Matsunaga, S.; Moll, G.; Ohshima, T.; Suzuki, T.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2466.
15. For selected examples of the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction see: (a) Nakagawa, M.; Nakao, H.; Watanabe, K. Chem. Lett. 1985, 391. (b) Yamada, Y. M. A.; Yoshikawa, N.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997, 36, 1871. (c) Yoshikawa, N.; Yamada, Y. M. A.; Das, J.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4168. (d) List, B.; Lerner, R. A.; Barbas, C. F. III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2395. (e) Trost, B. M.; Ito, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12003. (f) Yoshikawa, N.; Kumagai, N.; Matsunaga, S.; Moll, G.; Ohshima, T.; Suzuki, T.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2466.
16. For selected examples of the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction see: (a) Nakagawa, M.; Nakao, H.; Watanabe, K. Chem. Lett. 1985, 391. (b) Yamada, Y. M. A.; Yoshikawa, N.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997, 36, 1871. (c) Yoshikawa, N.; Yamada, Y. M. A.; Das, J.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4168. (d) List, B.; Lerner, R. A.; Barbas, C. F. III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2395. (e) Trost, B. M.; Ito, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12003. (f) Yoshikawa, N.; Kumagai, N.; Matsunaga, S.; Moll, G.; Ohshima, T.; Suzuki, T.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2466.
17. For selected examples of the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction see: (a) Nakagawa, M.; Nakao, H.; Watanabe, K. Chem. Lett. 1985, 391. (b) Yamada, Y. M. A.; Yoshikawa, N.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997, 36, 1871. (c) Yoshikawa, N.; Yamada, Y. M. A.; Das, J.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4168. (d) List, B.; Lerner, R. A.; Barbas, C. F. III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2395. (e) Trost, B. M.; Ito, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12003. (f) Yoshikawa, N.; Kumagai, N.; Matsunaga, S.; Moll, G.; Ohshima, T.; Suzuki, T.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2466.
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73. For reviews see: (a) Trost, B. M. Science 1991, 256, 1471. (b) Trost, B. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 259. (c) Trost, B. M.; Krische, M. J. Synlett 1998, 1.
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78. For selected reviews on the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction see: (a) Langer, P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3049. (b) Basavaiah, D.; Rao, P. D.; Hyma, R. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 8001. (c) Drewes, S. E.; Roos, G. H. P. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 4653. (d) Ciganek, E. Org. React. 1997, 51, 201.
79. For selected reviews on the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction see: (a) Langer, P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3049. (b) Basavaiah, D.; Rao, P. D.; Hyma, R. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 8001. (c) Drewes, S. E.; Roos, G. H. P. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 4653. (d) Ciganek, E. Org. React. 1997, 51, 201.
80. For selected reviews on the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction see: (a) Langer, P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3049. (b) Basavaiah, D.; Rao, P. D.; Hyma, R. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 8001. (c) Drewes, S. E.; Roos, G. H. P. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 4653. (d) Ciganek, E. Org. React. 1997, 51, 201.
81. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylphosphonates see: Amri, H.; El Gaied, M. M.; Villieras, J. Synth. Commun. 1990, 20, 659.
82. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylsulfones see: (a) Auvray, P.; Knochel, P.; Normant, J. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 5095. (b) Weichert, A.; Hoffmann, H. M. R. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4098. (c) Ando, D.; Bevan, C.; Brown, J. M.; Price. D. W. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1992, 592.
83. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylsulfones see: (a) Auvray, P.; Knochel, P.; Normant, J. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 5095. (b) Weichert, A.; Hoffmann, H. M. R. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4098. (c) Ando, D.; Bevan, C.; Brown, J. M.; Price. D. W. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1992, 592.
84. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylsulfones see: (a) Auvray, P.; Knochel, P.; Normant, J. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 5095. (b) Weichert, A.; Hoffmann, H. M. R. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4098. (c) Ando, D.; Bevan, C.; Brown, J. M.; Price. D. W. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1992, 592.
85. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylsulfonates see: Wang, S. Z.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamada, H.; Takahashi, T. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2333.
86. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylnitriles see: (a) Basavaiah, D.; Gowriswari, V. V. L. Synth. Commun. 1987, 17, 587. (b) Amri, H.; Villieras, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4307.
87. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylnitriles see: (a) Basavaiah, D.; Gowriswari, V. V. L. Synth. Commun. 1987, 17, 587. (b) Amri, H.; Villieras, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4307.
88. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing ketones see: (a) Hill, J. S.; Isaacs, N. S. J. Chem. Res. Synop. 1988, 330. (b) Hill, J. S.; Isaacs, N. S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 5007.
89. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing ketones see: (a) Hill, J. S.; Isaacs, N. S. J. Chem. Res. Synop. 1988, 330. (b) Hill, J. S.; Isaacs, N. S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 5007.
90. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing imines see: (a) Perlmutter, P.; Teo, C. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 5951 . (b) Takagi, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 8869.
91. For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing imines see: (a) Perlmutter, P.; Teo, C. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 5951 . (b) Takagi, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 8869.
92. For the most effective enantioselective Baylis-Hillman reactions reported to date see: (a) Iwabuchi, Y.; Nakatani, M.; Yokoyama, N.; Hatakeyama, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10219. (b) Barrett, A. G.; Cook, A. S.; Kamimura, A. Chem. Commun. 1998, 2533.
93. For the most effective enantioselective Baylis-Hillman reactions reported to date see: (a) Iwabuchi, Y.; Nakatani, M.; Yokoyama, N.; Hatakeyama, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10219. (b) Barrett, A. G.; Cook, A. S.; Kamimura, A. Chem. Commun. 1998, 2533.
94. For an effective approach employing a chiral auxiliary see: Brzezinski, L. J.; Rafel, S.; Leahy, J. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 4317.
95. For intramolecular Baylis-Hillman protocols see: (a) Roth, F.; Gygax, P.; Fráter, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 1045. (b) Drewes, S. E.; Njamela, O. L.; Emslie, N. D.; Ramesar, N.; Field, J. S. Synth. Commun. 1993, 23, 2807. (c) Black, G. P.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Murphy, P. J.; Nielson, M.; Williams, H. L.; Walshe, N. D. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 8561. (d) Dinon, F.; Rishards, E.; Murphy, P. J.; Hibbs, D. E.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Malik, K. M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3279. (e) Richards, E. L.; Murphy, P. J.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Brown, P. M.; Gelbrich, T.; Hursthouse, M. B. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 7771.
96. For intramolecular Baylis-Hillman protocols see: (a) Roth, F.; Gygax, P.; Fráter, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 1045. (b) Drewes, S. E.; Njamela, O. L.; Emslie, N. D.; Ramesar, N.; Field, J. S. Synth. Commun. 1993, 23, 2807. (c) Black, G. P.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Murphy, P. J.; Nielson, M.; Williams, H. L.; Walshe, N. D. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 8561. (d) Dinon, F.; Rishards, E.; Murphy, P. J.; Hibbs, D. E.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Malik, K. M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3279. (e) Richards, E. L.; Murphy, P. J.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Brown, P. M.; Gelbrich, T.; Hursthouse, M. B. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 7771.
97. For intramolecular Baylis-Hillman protocols see: (a) Roth, F.; Gygax, P.; Fráter, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 1045. (b) Drewes, S. E.; Njamela, O. L.; Emslie, N. D.; Ramesar, N.; Field, J. S. Synth. Commun. 1993, 23, 2807. (c) Black, G. P.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Murphy, P. J.; Nielson, M.; Williams, H. L.; Walshe, N. D. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 8561. (d) Dinon, F.; Rishards, E.; Murphy, P. J.; Hibbs, D. E.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Malik, K. M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3279. (e) Richards, E. L.; Murphy, P. J.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Brown, P. M.; Gelbrich, T.; Hursthouse, M. B. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 7771.
98. For intramolecular Baylis-Hillman protocols see: (a) Roth, F.; Gygax, P.; Fráter, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 1045. (b) Drewes, S. E.; Njamela, O. L.; Emslie, N. D.; Ramesar, N.; Field, J. S. Synth. Commun. 1993, 23, 2807. (c) Black, G. P.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Murphy, P. J.; Nielson, M.; Williams, H. L.; Walshe, N. D. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 8561. (d) Dinon, F.; Rishards, E.; Murphy, P. J.; Hibbs, D. E.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Malik, K. M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3279. (e) Richards, E. L.; Murphy, P. J.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Brown, P. M.; Gelbrich, T.; Hursthouse, M. B. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 7771.
99. For intramolecular Baylis-Hillman protocols see: (a) Roth, F.; Gygax, P.; Fráter, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 1045. (b) Drewes, S. E.; Njamela, O. L.; Emslie, N. D.; Ramesar, N.; Field, J. S. Synth. Commun. 1993, 23, 2807. (c) Black, G. P.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Murphy, P. J.; Nielson, M.; Williams, H. L.; Walshe, N. D. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 8561. (d) Dinon, F.; Rishards, E.; Murphy, P. J.; Hibbs, D. E.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Malik, K. M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3279. (e) Richards, E. L.; Murphy, P. J.; Dinon, F.; Fratucello, S.; Brown, P. M.; Gelbrich, T.; Hursthouse, M. B. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 7771.
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