Survey of risks related to static magnetic fields in ultra high field MRI;Bestandsaufnahme zu risiken durch statische magnetfelder im zusammenhang mit der ultrahochfeld-MRT

RoFo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden Verfahren

Volumn 180, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 293-301

  Möller, Harald E ^a   Von Cramon, D Y ^a,b  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN COGNITIVE AND BRAIN SCIENCES   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biological effects; Safety; Static magnetic fields; Ultra high field MRI

Indexed keywords

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; HUMAN; MAGNETIC FIELD; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INSTRUMENTATION; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; RADIATION INJURY; RADIATION SCATTERING; RISK ASSESSMENT; WHOLE BODY IMAGING;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT SAFETY; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIATION INJURIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCATTERING, RADIATION; WHOLE BODY IMAGING;

EID: 44849107725     PISSN: 14389029     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027227     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Hu X, Norris DG. Advances in high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2004; 6: 157-184
2. Fuchs VR, Sox HC. Physicians' views of the relative importance of thirty medical innovations. Health Aff 2001; 20: 30-42
3. Europäische Norm EN 60 601-2-33. Medizinische elektrische Geräte Teil 2 - 33: Besondere Festlegungen für die Sicherheit von Magnetresonanzgeräten für die medizinische Diagnostik (IEC 60601-2-33: 2002). Brüssel, 2002
4. Gesetz über Medizinprodukte (Medizinproduktegesetz - MPG) in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 7. August 2002. BGBl 2002; I: 3146
5. Deutsche Norm DIN EN ISO 14155 - 1. Klinische Prüfung von Medizinprodukten an Menschen. Teil 1: Allgemeine Angaben (ISO 14155-1: 2003). Berlin, 2003
6. Deutsche Norm DIN EN ISO 14155 - 2. Klinische Prüfung von Medizinprodukten an Menschen. Teil 2: Klinische Prüfpläne (ISO 14155-2: 2003). Berlin, 2003
7. Edelstein WA, Glover CH, Hardy CJ et al. The intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio in NMR imaging. Magn Reson Med 1986; 3: 604-618
8. Wiesinger F, Van de Moortele PF, Adriany G et al. Potential and feasibility of parallel MRI at high field. NMR Biomed 2006; 19: 368-378
9. 13C NMR studies of compartmentalized cerebral carbohydrate metabolism. Neurochem Int 2002; 41: 143-154
10. Christoforidis GA, Bourekas EC, Baujan M et al. High resolution MRI of the deep brain vascular anatomy at 8 tesla: Susceptibility-based enhancement of venous structures. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999; 23: 857-866
11. Bernstein MA, King KF, Zhou XJ. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004: 680-689
12. Ogawa S, Menon RS, Tank DW et al. Functional brain mapping by blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast magnetic resonance imaging. A comparison of signal characteristics with a biophysical model. Biophys J 1993; 64: 803-812
13. Yacoub E, Shmuel A, Pfeuffer J et al. Imaging brain function in humans at 7 tesla. Magn Reson Med 2001; 45: 588-594
14. Scheef L, Landsberg MW, Boecker H. Methodische Aspekte der funktionellen Neurobildgebung im MRT-Hochfeldbereich: eine kritische Übersicht. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2007; 179: 925-931
15. Kraff O, Theysohn JM, Maderwald S et al. MRI of the knee at 7.0 tesla. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2007; 179: 1231-1235
16. Frese G, Hebrank FX, Renz W et al. Physikalische Parameter bei der Anwendung der MRT. Begrenzung durch physiologische Reaktionen und Richtlinien. Radiologe 1998; 38: 750-758
17. Empfehlungen zur sicheren Anwendung magnetischer Resonanzverfahren in der medizinischen Diagnostik: Empfehlung der Strahlenschutzkommission. Berichte der Strahlenschutzkommission (SSK) des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Heft 36. München: Urban und Fischer, 2003
18. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines on limits of exposure to static magnetic fields. Health Phys 1994; 66: 100-106
19. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys 1998; 74: 494-522
20. Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften. Berufsgenossenschaftliche Regeln für Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit. BGR B11. Elektromagnetische Felder. Köln: Carl Heymanns Verlag, 2001
21. Richtlinie 93/42/EWG des Rates vom 14. Juni 1993 über Medizinprodukte. Amtsblatt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften 1993; L 169: 1-55
22. Hore PJ. Rapporteur's report: Sources and interaction mechanisms. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 205-221
23. Schenck JF. Safety of strong, static magnetic fields. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 12: 2-19
24. Kangarlu A, Robitaille PML. Biological effects and health implications in magnetic resonance imaging. Concepts Magn Reson 2000; 12: 321-359
25. Sommer T, Maintz D, Schmiedel A et al. Hochfeld- Magnetresonanztomographie: Magnetische Anziehungs- und Rotationskräfte auf metallische Implantate bei 3,0 T. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2004; 176: 731-738
26. Schenck JF. Physical interactions of static magnetic fields with living tissues. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 185-204
27. Schenck JF. Health and physiological effects of human exposure to whole-body four-tesla magnetic fields during MRI. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 649: 285-301
28. Theysohn JM, Maderwald S, Kraff O et al. Subjective acceptance of 7 tesla MRI for human imaging. Magn Reson Mater Phy (im Druck) 10.1007/s10334-007-0095-x
29. Tenforde TS. Magnetically induced electric fields and currents in the circulatory system. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 279-288
30. Kangarlu A, Burgess RE, Zhu H et al. Cognitive, cardiac, and physiological safety studies in ultra high Field magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 10: 1407-1416
31. Miyakoshi J. Effects of static magnetic fields at the cellular level. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 213-223
32. Miyakoshi J. The review of cellular effects of a static magnetic field. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2006; 7: 305-307
33. Lai H, Singh NP. Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112: 687-694
34. Schwenzer NF, Bantleon R, Maurer B et al. Detection of DNA double-strand breaks using γH2AX after MRI exposure at 3 tesla: An in vitro study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 1308-1314
35. Ueno S, Iwasaka JM, Shiokawa K. Early embryogenic-development of frogs under intense magnetic-fields up to 8-T. J Appl Phys 1994; 75: 7165-7167
36. Saunders R. Static magnetic fields: Animal studies. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 225-239
37. Narra VR, Howell RW, Goddu SM et al. Effects of a 1.5-tesla static magnetic field on spermatogenesis and embryogenesis in mice. Invest Radiol 1996; 31: 586-590
38. Tablado L, Pérez-Sánchez F, Soler C. Is sperm motility maturation affected by static magnetic fields? Environ Health Perspect 1998; 104: 1212-1216
39. Tablado L, Pérez-Sánchoz F, Núñez J et al. Effects of exposure to static magnetic fields on the morphology and morphometry of mouse epididymal sperm. Bioelectromagnetics 2000; 19: 377-383
40. Kanal E, Gillen J, Evans JA et al. Survey of reproductive health among female MR workers. Radiology 1993; 187: 395-399
41. Chakeres DW, Kangarlu A, Boudoulas H et al. Effect of static magnetic field exposure of up to 8 tesla on sequential human vital sign measurements. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18: 346-352
42. Atkinson IC, Renteria L, Burd H et al. Safety of human MRI at static fields above the FDA 8T guideline: Sodium imaging at 9.4T does not affect vital signs or cognitive ability. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 1222-1227
43. de Vocht F, van Drooge H, Engels H et al. Exposure, health complaints and cognitive performance among employees of an MRI scanners manufacturing department. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23: 197-204
44. Ueno S, Iwasaka M. Properties of diamagnetic fluid in high gradient magnetic fields. J Appl Phys 1994; 75: 7177-7179
45. Brix G, Strieth S, Strelczyk D et al. Static magnetic fields affect capillary flow of red blood cells in striated skin muscle. Microcirculation 2008; 15: 15-26
46. Wikswo JP, Barach JP. An estimate of the steady magnetic field strength required to influence nerve conduction. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1980; 27: 722-723
47. Beischer DE, Knepton JC. Influence of strong magnetic fields on the electrocardiogram of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Aerosp Med 1964; 35: 939-944
48. Kanal E. An overview of electromagnetic safety considerations associated with magnetic resonance imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 649: 204-224
49. Kinouchi Y, Yamaguchi H, Tenforde TS. Theoretical analysis of magnetic field interactions with aortic blood flow. Bioelectromagnetics 1996; 17: 21-32
50. Budinger TF. Emerging nuclear magnetic resonance technologies. Health and Safety. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992; 649: 1-18
51. Keltner JR, Roos MS, Brakeman PR et al. Magnetohydrodynamics of blood flow. Magn Reson Med 1990; 16: 139-149
52. Holden AV. The sensitivity of the heart to static magnetic fields. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 289-320
53. Glover PM, Cavin I, Qian W et al. Magnetic-field-induced vertigo: A theoretical and experimental investigation. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28: 349-361
54. Müller-Miny H, Erber D, Möller H et al. Is there a hazard to health by mercury exposure from amalgam due to MRI? J Magn Reson Imaging 1996; 6: 258-260
55. Cavin ID, Glover PM, Bowtell RW et al. Thresholds for perceiving metallic taste at high magnetic field. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 1357-1361
56. Crozier S, Liu F. Numerical evaluation of the fields induced by body motion in or near high-field MRI scanners. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 267-278
57. Crozier S, Trakic A, Wang H et al. Numerical study of currents in workers induced by body-motion around high-ultrahigh field MRI magnets. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 1261-1277
58. Chakeres DW, Bornstein R, Kangarlu A. Randomized comparison of cognitive function in humans at 0 and 8 tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18: 342-345
59. Chakeres DW, de Vocht F. Static magnetic field effects on human subjects related to magnetic resonance imaging systems. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005; 87: 255-265
60. de Vocht F, van-Wendel-de-Joode B, Engels H et al. Neurobehavioral effects among subjects exposed to high static and gradient magnetic fields from a 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging system - A case-crossover pilot study. Magn Reson Med 2003; 50: 670-674
61. de Vocht F, Stevens T, van Wendel-de-Joode B et al. Acute neurobehavioral effects of exposure to static magnetic fields: Analyses of exposure-response relations. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23: 291-297
62. Richtlinie 2004/40/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 29. April 2004 über Mindestvorschriften zum Schutz von Sicherheit und Gesundheit der Arbeitnehmer vor der Gefährdung durch physikalische Einwirkungen (elektromagnetische Felder) (18. Einzelrichtlinie im Sinne des Artikels 16 Absatz1 der Richtlinie 89/ 391/EWG). Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union 2004; L 159: 1-9
63. Moore EA, Scurr ED. British Association of MR Radiographers (BAMRR) safety survey 2005: Potential impact of European Union (EU) Physical Agents Directive (PAD) on electromagnetic fields (EMF). J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 1303-1307
64. International Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Medical magnetic resonance (MR) procedures: Protection of patients. Health Phys 2004; 87: 197-216
65. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff - Criteria for Significant Risk Investigations of Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Devices. Rockville: MD, 2004