Human α-Defensins Inhibit Clostridium difficile Toxin B

Gastroenterology

Volumn 134, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 2049-2058

  Giesemann, Torsten ^a   Guttenberg, Gregor ^a   Aktories, Klaus ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA DEFENSIN; BETA DEFENSIN 1; CATHELICIDIN ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE LL 37; CELL PROTEIN; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN A; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN B; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL PROTEIN 1; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL PROTEIN 2; RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCOSE;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BINDING AFFINITY; CELL STRAIN CACO 2; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXICITY; GLYCOSYLATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IC 50; INNATE IMMUNITY; LETHAL GENE; MICROSCOPY; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTERACTION; TURBIDITY;

EID: 44649117522     PISSN: 00165085     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.008     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Bartlett J.G., and Perl T.M. The new Clostridium difficile-what does it mean?. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 2503-2505
2. Bartlett J.G., Moon N., Chang T.W., et al. Role of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Gastroenterology 75 (1978) 778-782
3. Kelly C.P., and LaMont J.T. Clostridium difficile infection. Annu Rev Med 49 (1998) 375-390
4. Voth D.E., and Ballard J.D. Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 18 (2005) 247-263
5. Just I., and Gerhard R. Large clostridial cytotoxins. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 152 (2004) 23-47
6. Thelestam M., and Chaves-Olarte E. Cytotoxic effects of the Clostridium difficile toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 250 (2000) 85-96
7. Meyer G.K., Neetz A., Brandes G., et al. Clostridium difficile toxins A and B directly stimulate human mast cells. Infect Immun 75 (2007) 3868-3876
8. Ng E.K., Panesar N., Longo W.E., et al. Human intestinal epithelial and smooth muscle cells are potent producers of IL-6. Mediators Inflamm 12 (2003) 3-8
9. Tixier E., Lalanne F., Just I., et al. Human mucosa/submucosa interactions during intestinal inflammation: involvement of the enteric nervous system in interleukin-8 secretion. Cell Microbiol 7 (2005) 1798-1810
10. McVey D.C., and Vigna S.R. The role of leukotriene B4 in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced ileitis in rats. Gastroenterology 128 (2005) 1306-1316
11. Ishida Y., Maegawa T., Kondo T., et al. Essential involvement of IFN-gamma in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis. J Immunol 172 (2004) 3018-3025
12. Wehkamp J., Schauber J., and Stange E.F. Defensins and cathelicidins in gastrointestinal infections. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 23 (2007) 32-38
13. Wehkamp J., Fellermann K., Herrlinger K.R., et al. Mechanisms of disease: defensins in gastrointestinal diseases. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 (2005) 406-415
14. De S.K., and Contreras R. Human antimicrobial peptides: defensins, cathelicidins and histatins. Biotechnol Lett 27 (2005) 1337-1347
15. Zasloff M. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms. Nature 415 (2002) 389-395
16. Kim C., and Kaufmann S.H. Defensin: a multifunctional molecule lives up to its versatile name. Trends Microbiol 14 (2006) 428-431
17. Shi J. Defensins and Paneth cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13 (2007) 1284-1292
18. Kim C., Gajendran N., Mittrucker H.W., et al. Human alpha-defensins neutralize anthrax lethal toxin and protect against its fatal consequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 (2005) 4830-4835
19. Kim C., Slavinskaya Z., Merrill A.R., et al. Human alpha-defensins neutralize toxins of the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase family. Biochem J 399 (2006) 225-229
20. Just I., Selzer J., Hofmann F., and Aktories K. Clostridium difficile toxin B as a probe for Rho GTPases. In: Aktories K. (Ed). Bacterial toxins - tools in cell biology and pharmacology (1997), Chapman & Hall, Weinheim 159-168
21. Krivan H.C., and Wilkins T.D. Purification of Clostridium difficile toxin A by affinity chromatography on immobilized thyroglobulin. Infect Immun 55 (1987) 1873-1877
22. Hofmann F., Busch C., Prepens U., et al. Localization of the glucosyltransferase activity of Clostridium difficile toxin B to the N-terminal part of the holotoxin. J Biol Chem 272 (1997) 11074-11078
23. Just I., Wilm M., Selzer J., et al. The enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile (ToxA) monoglucosylates the Rho proteins. J Biol Chem 270 (1995) 13932-13936
24. Genth H., Huelsenbeck J., Hartmann B., et al. Cellular stability of Rho-GTPases glucosylated by Clostridium difficile toxin B. FEBS Lett 580 (2006) 3565-3569
25. Egerer M., Giesemann T., Jank T., et al. Auto-catalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B depends on a cysteine protease activity. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 25314-25321
26. Ghosh D., Porter E., Shen B., et al. Paneth cell trypsin is the processing enzyme for human defensin-5. Nat Immunol 3 (2002) 583-590
27. Testore G.P., Nardi F., Babudieri S., et al. Isolation of Clostridium difficile from human jejunum: identification of a reservoir for disease?. J Clin Pathol 39 (1986) 861-862
28. Lyerly D.M., Saum K.E., MacDonald D.K., et al. Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infect Immun 47 (1985) 349-352
29. Komatsu M., Kato H., Aihara M., et al. High frequency of antibiotic associated diarrhea due to toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile in a hospital in Japan and risk factors for infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22 (2003) 525-529
30. Savidge T.C., Pan W.-H., Newman P., et al. Clostridium difficile toxin B is an inflammatory enterotoxin in human intestine. Gastroenterology 125 (2003) 413-420
31. van den Berg R.J., Claas E.C., Oyib D.H., et al. Characterization of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates from outbreaks in different countries by amplified fragment length polymorphism and PCR ribotyping. J Clin Microbiol 42 (2004) 1035-1041
32. Samra Z., Talmor S., and Bahar J. High prevalence of toxin A-negative toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 43 (2002) 189-192