Voluntary, spontaneous, and reflex blinking in Parkinson's disease

Movement Disorders

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 669-675

  Agostino, Rocco ^a,b   Bologna, Matteo ^a   Dinapoli, Loredana ^b   Gregori, Bruno ^a   Fabbrini, Giovanni ^a   Accornero, Neri ^a   Berardelli, Alfredo ^a,b  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Blink; Movement control; Parkinson's disease

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; ENTACAPONE; LEVODOPA; METIXENE; PRAMIPEXOLE; ROPINIROLE; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL; ANTIPARKINSON AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; AMPLITUDE MODULATOR; ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT; ARTICLE; BRADYKINESIA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROSTIMULATION; EVOKED RESPONSE; EYELID MOVEMENT; EYELID REFLEX DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; KINEMATICS; MALE; NERVE CONDUCTION; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION; ORBITAL CORTEX; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLEX DISORDER; TREATMENT PLANNING; BIOMECHANICS; BLINKING; COGNITION; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; REFERENCE VALUE;

AGED; ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS; BIOMECHANICS; BLINKING; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEVODOPA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARKINSON DISEASE; REACTION TIME; REFERENCE VALUES; VOLITION;

EID: 44449169066     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.21887     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. VanderWerf F, Brassinga P, Reits D, Aramideh M, Ongerboer de Visser B. Eyelid movements: behavioral studies of blinking in humans under different conditions. J Neurophysiol 2003;89:2784-2796.
2. Berardelli A, Cruccu G, Manfredi M, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD. The corneal reflex and the R2 component of the blink reflex. Neurology 1985;35:797-801.
3. Berardelli A, Cruccu G, Kimura J, Ongerboer de Visser BW, Valls-Sole J. The orbicularis oculi reflexes. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1999;52:249-253.
4. Aramideh M, Ongerboer de Visser BW, Devriese PP, Bour LJ, Speelman JD. Electromyographic features of levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis oculi muscles in blepharospasm. Brain 1994;117:27-38.
5. Kimura J. Disorders of interneurons in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1973;96:87-96.
6. Karson CN. Spontaneous eye-blink rates and dopaminergic systems. Brain 1983;106:643-653.
7. Agostino R, Berardelli A, Cruccu G, Stocchi F, Manfredi M. Corneal and blink reflexes in Parkinson's disease with "on-off" fluctuations. Mov Disord 1987;2:227-235.
8. Deuschl G, Goddemeier C. Spontaneous and reflex activity of facial muscles in dystonia, Parkinson's disease, and normal subjects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:320-324.
9. Kimber TE, Thompson PD. Increased blink rate in advanced Parkinson's disease: a form of "Off'-period dystonia? Mov Disord 2000; 15:982-985.
10. Peshori KR, Schicatano EJ, Gopalaswamy R, Sahay E, Evinger C. Aging of the trigeminal blink system. Exp Brain Res 2001;136: 351-363.
11. Kaneko K, Sakamoto K. Spontaneous blinks of Parkinson's disease patients evaluated by EMG and EOG. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2001;41:87-95.
12. Korosec M, Zidar I, Reits D, Evinger C, VanderWerf F. Eyelid movements during blinking in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2006;21:1248-1251.
13. Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Hallett M. Pathophysiology of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2001;124: 2131-2146.
14. Benecke R, Rothwell JC, Dick JP, Day BL, Marsden CD. Disturbance of sequential movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain 1987;110:361-379.
15. Benecke R, Rothwell JC, Dick JP, Day BL, Marsden CD. Simple and complex movements off and on treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987;50:296-303.
16. Agostino R, Berardelli A, Formica A, Accornero N, Manfredi M. Sequential arm movements in patients with Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and dystonia. Brain 1992;115:1481-1495.
17. De Gaspari D, Siri C, Landi A, et al. Clinical and neuropsychological follow up at 12 months in patients with complicated Parkinson's disease treated with subcutaneous apomorphine infusion or deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:450-453.
18. Brotchie P, Iansek R, Horne MK. Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. II. Cognitive aspects of movements and phasic neuronal activity. Brain 1991;114:1685-1702.
19. Corcos DM, Chen CM, Quinn NP, McAuley J, Rothewell JC. Strength in Parkinson's disease: relationship to rate of force generation and clinical status. Ann Neurol 1996;39:79-88.
20. Schmidtke K, Buttner-Ennever A. Nervous control of eyelid function. A review of clinical, experimental and pathological data. Brain 1992;115:227-247.
21. Bodis-Wollner I, Bucher SF, Seelos KC. Cortical activation patterns during voluntary blinks and voluntary saccades. Neurology 1999;53:1800-1805.
22. Kato M, Miyauchi S. Functional MRI of brain activation evoked by intentional eye blinking. Neuroimage 2003;18:749-759.
23. Chung JY, Yoon HW, Song MS, Park HW. Event related fMRI studies of voluntary and inhibited eye blinking using a time marker of EOG. Neurosci Lett 2006;395:196-200.
24. Sohn YH, Voller B, Dimyan M, et al. Cortical control of voluntary blinking: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Clin Neurophysiol 2004;115:341-347.
25. Montagna P, Zucconi M. Cortical potentials related to voluntary, spontaneous, and reflex blinking. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984;24:583-589.
26. Kaneko K, Mito K, Makabe H, Takanokura M, Sakamoto K. Cortical potentials associated with voluntary, reflex and spontaneous blinks as bilateral simultaneous eyelid movement. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2004;44:455-462.
27. Jenny AB, Saper CB. Organization of the facial nucleus and corticofacial projection in the monkey: a reconsideration of the upper motor neuron facial palsy. Neurology 1987;37:930-939.
28. Morecraft RJ, Louie JL, Herrick JL, Stilwell-Morecfraft KS. Cortical innervation of the facial nucleus in the non-human primate: a new interpretation of the effects of stroke and related subtotal brain trauma on the muscles of facial expression. Brain 2001;124:176-208.
29. Deiber MP, Honda M, Ibanez V, Sadato N, Hallett M. Mesial motor areas in self-initiated versus externally triggered movements examined with fMRI: effect of movement type and rate. J Neurophysiol 1999;81:3065-3077.
30. Alexander GE, Crutcher MD, DeLong MR. Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions. Prog Brain Res 1990;85:119-146.
31. Grafton ST. Contributions of functional imaging to understanding parkinsonian symptoms. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2004;14:715-719.
32. Karson CN, Burns S, LeWitt PA, Foster NL, Newman RP. Blink rates and disorders of movement. Neurology 1984;34:677-678.
33. Yoon HW, Chung JY, Song MS, Park HW. Neural correlates of eye blinking; improved by simultaneous fMRI and EOG measurement. Neurosci Lett 2005;381:26-30.
34. Evinger C, Basso MA, Manning KA, Sibony PA, Pellegrini JJ, Horn AK. A role of basal ganglia in nicotinic modulation of the blink reflex. Exp Brain Res 1993;92:507-515.
35. Basso MA, Powers AS, Evinger C. An explanation for reflex blink hyperexcitability in Parkinson's disease. I. Superior colliculus. J Neurosci 1996;16:7308-7317.
36. Basso MA, Evinger C. An explanation for reflex blink hyperexcitability in Parkinson's disease. II. Nucleus raphe magnus. J Neurosci 1996;16:7318-7330.
37. Cruccu G, Iannetti GD, Marx JJ, et al. Brainstem circuits revisited. Brain 2005;128:386-394.