Gram-negative bacteraemia in non-ICU patients: Factors associated with inadequate antibiotic therapy and impact on outcomes

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 61, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1376-1383

  Marschall, Jonas ^a   Agniel, Denis ^a   Fraser, Victoria J ^a   Doherty, Joshua ^b   Warren, David K ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Center for Healthcare Quality and Effectiveness   (United States)

Author keywords

Antibacterial agents; Bloodstream infection; Gram negative bacteria; Mortality; Non intensive care

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEFEPIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CIPROFLOXACIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; GENTAMICIN; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; SULTAMICILLIN;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ADULT; ADVERSE OUTCOME; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD CULTURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FEMALE; GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INADEQUATE ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PROTEUS MIRABILIS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADULT; AGED; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTEREMIA; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FEMALE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; INPATIENTS; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; SEPSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 44449165421     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn104     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Pittet D, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infections. Secular trends in rates, mortality, and contribution to total hospital deaths. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 1177-84.
2. Weinstein MP, Towns ML, Quartey SM et al. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: A prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcomn of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24 584-602.
3. Gaynes R, Edwards JR and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Overview of nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: 848-54.
4. Albrecht SJ, Fishman NO, Kitchen J et al. Reemergence of Gram-negative health care-associated bloodstream indections. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1289-94.
5. D'Agata EM. Rapidly rising prevalence of nosocomial multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacilli: A 9-year surveillance study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004; 25: 842-6.
6. Li J, Nation RL, Turnidge JD et al. Colistin: The re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 589-601.
7. Rice LB. Challenges in identifying new antimicrobial agents effective for treating infections with Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43 Suppl 2: S100-5.
8. Warren DK, Zack JE, Elward AM et al. Nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients in a nonteaching community medical center: A 21-month prospective study. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1329-35.
9. Pittet D, Tarara D, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA 1994; 271: 1598-601.
10. Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK et al. Nosocomial blood-stream infections in United States hospitals: A three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 239-44.
11. Suljagic V, Cobeljic M, Jankovic S et al. Nosocomial blood-stream infections in ICU and non-ICU patients. Am J Infect Control 2005; 33: 333-40.
12. Garrouste-Orgeas M, Chevret S, Mainardi JL et al. A one-year prospective study of nosocomial bacteraemia in ICU and non-ICU patients and its impact on patient outcome. J Hosp Infect 2000; 44: 206-13.
13. Bouza E, Sousa D, Munoz P et al. Bloodstream infections: A trial of the impact of different methods of reporting positive blood culture results. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 1161-9.
14. Harbarth S, Garbino J, Pugin J et al. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis. Am J Med 2003; 115 529-35.
15. Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S et al. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 2000; 118: 146-55.
16. Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S et al. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections. Chest 1999; 115: 462-74.
17. Leibovici L, Shraga I, Drucker M et al. The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with bloodstream infection. J Intern Med 1998; 244: 379-86.
18. Kang CI, Kim SH, Park WB et al. Bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacilli; risk factors for mortality and impact of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy on outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49: 760-6.
19. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40: 373-83.
20. McCabe WR, Jackson GG. Gram-negative bacteremia. Arch Intern Med 1962; 110: 847-55.
21. McDonald JR, Friedman ND, Stout JE et al. Risk factors for ineffective therapy in patients with bloodstream infection. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 308-13.
22. Scarsi KK, Feinglass JM, Scheetz MH et al. Impact of inactive empiric antimicrobial therapy on inpatient mortality and length of stay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50: 3355-60.
23. Micek ST, Lloyd AE, Ritchie DJ et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: Importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49: 1306-11.
24. Lockhart SR, Abramson MA, Beekmann SE et al. Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the United States between 1993 and 2004. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 3352-9.
25. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992; 101 1644-55.
26. Diekema DJ, Beekmann SE, Chapin KC et al. Epidemiology and outcome of nosocomial and community-onset bloodstream infection. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 3655-60.
27. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Sixteenth Informational Supplement M100-S16. CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2006.
28. Pedersen G, Schonheyder HC, Sorensen HT. Antibiotic therapy and outcome of monomicrobial Gram-negative bacteraemia: A 3 year population based study. Scand J Infect Dis 1997; 29: 601-6.
29. Uzun O, Akalin HE, Hayran M et al. Factors influencing prognosis in bacteremia due to Gram-negative organisms: Evaluation of 448 episodes in a Turkish university hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 866-73.
30. Pittet D, Li N, Woolson RF et al. Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: A 6-year validated, population-based model. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 1068-78.
31. Arvanitidou M, Katikaridou E, Douboyas J et al. Epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial bacteraemias among ICU and non-ICU patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Greece. J Hosp Infect 2005; 59: 70-2.
32. Harbarth S, Rohner P, Auckenthaler R et al. Impact and pattern of Gram-negative bacteraemia during 6 y at a large university hospital. Scand J Infect Dis 1999; 31: 163-8.
33. Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Jones RN et al. Survey of bloodstream infections due to Gram-negative bacilli: Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada and Latin America for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 595-607.
34. Sligl W, Taylor G, Brindley PG. Five years of nosocomial Gram-negative bacteremia in a general intensive care unit: Epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and outcomes. Int J Infect Dis 2006; 10: 320-5.
35. Gardiner DF, Scholand SJ, Babinchak T. Mortality and Gram-negative rod bacteraemia in the intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2006; 62 453-7.
36. Harbarth S, Nobre V, Pittet D. Does antibiotic selection impact patient outcome? Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 87-93.
37. Mullett CJ, Thomas JG, Smith CL et al. Computerized antimicrobial decision support: An offline evaluation of a database-driven empiric antimicrobial guidance program in hospitalized patients with a bloodstream infection. Int J Med Inf 2004; 73: 455-60.
38. Hautala T, Syrjälä H, Lehtinen V et al. Blood culture Gram stain and clinical categorization based empirical antimicrobial therapy of bloodstream infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 25: 329-33.
39. Yahav D, Paul M, Fraser A et al. Efficacy and safety of cefepime: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7: 338-48.
40. Fraser A, Paul M, Almanasreh N et al. Benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment: Thirty-day mortality and duration of hospital stay. Am J Med 2006; 119: 970-6.
41. McGregor JC, Rich SE, Harris AD et al. A systematic review of the methods used to assess the association between appropriate antibiotic therapy and mortality in bacteremic patients. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 329-37.